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A farm is a piece of land used to grow crops and/or raise animals.

People who grow these plants or raise these animals are called farmers. This type of work is called farming.

Land that is used to grow plants for food, or could be used to grow plants for food is called arable land. A life raising animals for food is called a pastoral life.

Many farms are very large and in some places farms are many and small. There are many types of farming. Some people farm to eat the food they produce ( subsistence agriculture). Other farms, including large ones, sell their products to many people far away in urban areas (industrial farming). Most subsistence farms are in poorer countries, while industrial farms are in richer countries.

Farming has been innovated at multiple different points and places in human history. The transition from hunter-gatherer to settled, agricultural societies is called the Neolithic Revolution and first began around 12,000 years ago, near the beginning of the geological epoch of the Holocene around 12,000 years ago. It was the world's first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture. Subsequent step-changes in human farming practices were provoked by the British Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century, and the Green Revolution of the second half of the 20th century. Farming spread from the Middle East to Europe and by 4,000 BC people that lived in the central part of Europe were using oxen to pull plows and wagons.

Names of Farms

A farm that produces fruits or nuts is called an orchard.

A farm that produces grapes is called a vineyard.

A farm that raises and trains horses is called a stable.

A farm that produces milk and dairy products is called a dairy farm.

If the animals are raised for meat it is a ranch.

A large farm that produces non-essential crops like tobacco, coffee, cotton or sugarcane is called a plantation.

Farms around the world

The land and buildings of a farm are called the "farmstead". Enterprises where livestock are raised on rangeland are called . Where livestock are raised in confinement on feed produced elsewhere, the term feedlot is usually used.

In 1910 there were 6,406,000 farms and 10,174,000 family workers; In 2000 there were only 2,172,000 farms and 2,062,300 family workers. The share of U.S. farms operated by women has risen steadily over recent decades, from 5 percent in 1978 to 14 percent by 2007.

In the United States, there are over three million migrant and seasonal farmworkers; 72% are foreign-born, 78% are male, they have an average age of 36 and average education of 8 years. Farmworkers make an average hourly rate of $9-10 per hour, compared to an average of over $18 per hour for nonfarm labor. Their average family income is under $20,000 and 23% live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level. One-half of all farmworker families earn less than $10,000 per year, which is significantly below the 2005 U.S. poverty level of $19,874 for a family of four.

In 2007, corn acres are expected to increase by 15% because of the high demand for ethanol, both in and outside of the U.S. Producers are expecting to plant 90.5 million acres (366,000 km²) of corn, making it the largest corn crop since 1944.

According to the World Bank, "most empirical evidence indicates that land productivity on large farms in Pakistan is lower than that of small farms, holding other factors constant." Small farmers have "higher net returns per hectare" than large farms, according to farm household income data.

Nepal is an agricultural country and about 80% of the total population are engaged in farming. Rice is mainly produced in Nepal along with fruits like apples. Dairy farming and poultry farming are also growing in Nepal.

Farming is a significant economic sector in Australia. A farm is an area of land used for primary production which will include buildings.

According to the UN, "green agriculture directs a greater share of total farming input expenditures towards the purchase of locally sourced inputs (e.g. labour and organic fertilisers) and a local multiplier effect is expected to kick in. Overall, green farming practices tend to require more labour inputs than conventional farming (e.g. from comparable levels to as much as 30 per cent more) (FAO 2007 and European Commission 2010), creating jobs in rural areas and a higher return on labour inputs."

Where most of the income is from some other employment, and the farm is really an expanded residence, the term hobby farm is common. This will allow sufficient size for recreational use but be very unlikely to produce sufficient income to be self-sustaining. Hobby farms are commonly around 2 hectares (4.9 acres) but may be much larger depending upon land prices (which vary regionally).

Often very small farms used for intensive primary production are referred to by the specialization they are being used for, such as a dairy rather than a dairy farm, a piggery, a market garden, etc. This also applies to feedlots, which are specifically developed to a single purpose and are often not able to be used for more general purpose (mixed) farming practices.

In remote areas farms can become quite large. As with estates in England, there is no defined size or method of operation at which a large farm becomes a station.

In the UK, farm as an agricultural unit, always denotes the area of pasture and other fields together with its farmhouse, farmyard and outbuildings. Large farms, or groups of farms under the same ownership, may be called an estate. Conversely, a small farm surrounding the owner's dwelling is called a smallholding and is generally focused on self-sufficiency with only the surplus being sold.

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Images for kids

In Spanish: Granja para niños

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Rainforests for Kids | Learn all about the two types of rainforests

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Famous Rainforests

There are rainforests in Africa, Asia, Australia, and Central and South America. The biggest rainforest is the Amazon rainforest. It's about the size of the contiguous United States, which doesn't include Alaska or Hawaii. More than half of it is in Brazil, but parts are in several other South American countries, including Ecuador and Bolivia. The next biggest rainforest is the Congo in Africa. Parts of the Congo can be found in several other countries too, including the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon.

Most rainforests are found along or near the Equator, where it tends to be hot. But some rainforests grow in temperate regions where it's cooler. Hoh Rainforest in Olympic National Park on the Pacific northwest coast of North America is an example of a temperate rainforest. Like tropical rainforests, temperate rainforests get lots of, well, rain.

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A swamp is part of a wetland ecosystem. Swamps are forested, low, spongy land generally saturated with water and covered with trees and aquatic plants. Big parts of swamps are often flooded with water. Swamps are nesting and breeding grounds for birds and other animals.

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A swamp is an area of land permanently saturated, or filled, with water

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Deserts are the driest places on Earth—they get fewer than 10 inches (25 centimeters) of rain a year. Some deserts may get a lot of rain all at once. Then it might not rain again for months—or even years!

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Most of Earth’s surface—more than 70 percent—is covered by oceans.

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Coolest Ocean Facts! | SciShow Kids Compilation

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A Walk in the Arctic for Kids | Educational Video for Early Learners

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Arctic facts

1. The Arctic is located at the northernmost part of our planet. Scientists usually define the Arctic as the area above the ' Arctic Circle' - an imaginary line that circles around the top of the globe.

2. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of , , the , Greenland, Norway, Finland, Sweden and Iceland.

Did you know that we have a FREE downloadable North and South Pole primary resource? Great for teachers, homeschoolers and parents alike!

3. Because of the 's tilt, for at least one day a year there's an entire day of darkness in this freezing region - and also a full day of sunshine. Imagine that!

4. Temperatures as low as - 70°C have been recorded in northern Greenland. Brrrrr!

5. Despite the freezing-cold temperatures, approximately four million people call this wintery wonderland home! Amongst these are the indigenous people of the Arctic, called the ' Inuits '. They've found ingenious ways to survive in one of the harshest environments on our planet.

6. In 1958, a submarine called the USS Nautilus sailed beneath the frozen ice of the Arctic Ocean. This was proof that the enormous ice sheet rests on water and not land.

7. The Arctic is home to lots of wonderful wildlife, including polar bears, Arctic foxes, walruses, seals and !

8. One fascinating species found only in the Arctic is the narwhal, often referred to as the 'unicorn of the sea'. Why? Well, male narwhals have a straight tusk projecting from the front of their head that can grow to over 3m in length!

9. The word 'Arctic' comes from the Greek word for bear, . But this isn't because of the polar bears! It's believed the name refers to two constellations that can be seen in the northern sky - 'Ursa Minor' (Little Bear) and 'Ursa Major' (Great Bear).

10. The ice of the Arctic contains around ten percent of the world's fresh water. This giant, white, frozen reservoir reflects sunlight, helping keep the region cool. It also plays a super-important role in keeping our global climate stable.

Did you know that we have a FREE downloadable polar bear primary resource? Great for teachers, homeschoolers and parents alike!

Images: Getty

What did you make of our Arctic facts? Let us know by leaving a comment, below!

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10 facts about the Arctic | National Geographic Kids

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Check out ten chilly Arctic facts here at National Geographic Kids! Where is the Arctic? How cold is it? Who lives in the Arctic? Find out here!

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Between the Forest and the Desert

Grassland habitats are places that receive more rain than deserts but less precipitation than forests. Most of the plants here are grasses, which don't need as much water as forest vegetation.

Every continent except Antarctica has grasslands, but they have different names in different places: In Africa, they're called savannas and veldts; pampas in South America; steppes in in Europe and Asia; prairies or grasslands in North America; and rangelands in Australia. One-fourth of the planet is covered by grasslands.

Grasslands are usually found in the dry interior of continents, between the mountains and deserts. Many grasslands were formed tens of thousands of years ago after the last ice age, when the Earth began to warm up and the climate became drier.

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A large area filled with many trees is called a forest. Forests grow in almost every part of the world. The only places bare of forests are deserts, some prairies and...

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Explore the World of Forests: Importance, Types, and Fun Facts for Kids

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Discover the significance of forests, their types (temperate, tropical, boreal), and fascinating facts. Teach kids about the vital role of forests in supporting biodiversity, regulating climate, and providing essential resources.

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Bamboo is one of the most important plant species in the world, habouring some of the most unique animal species!

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A beach is a landform along the coast of an ocean, sea, lake, or river. It usually consists of loose particles, such as sand, gravel, shingle, or pebbles. The particles of a beach are sometimes biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or bits of coral.

Beaches are natural landing and launching places for boats, and landing craft specially made for beaches.

People often use beaches as a place to swim, to work on their tan, or just to relax. The most popular beaches have fine white or light-colored sand and warm water to swim in. Beaches may also be popular because of the excellent opportunities for diving or for seeing marine life.

Among the world's most popular and well-known beaches are Aruba (Dutch Caribbean), Long Beach ( Canada), Copacabana Beach ( Brazil), Hot Water Beach ( New Zealand), Megan Bay ( St. Thomas), Kailua Beach ( Hawaii), Zandvoort Beach ( Netherlands), Jeffreys Bay ( South Africa) and Bondi Beach ( Australia).

Taking holidays on the beach is something of a British cultural export. The first railways in the 19th century took people to places they had never seen before. It was tourism made possible by the industrial revolution. Whole seaside resort towns grew to support visitors, where before there were just villages. Vacations at the sea became common all over the world.

Beaches are never static. They are always being built up or eroded. Over time the boundary between the land and the sea changes. New Romney, a small town in Kent, is one of the Cinque Ports, a mile from the sea. In Henry VIII's time it was a port on the south coast of England. The growth of Dungeness, has cut it off from the sea. Dungeness is a huge shingle beach.

Beaches and their wildlife are tremendously important for our earth. We should do our very best to protect them and the ocean from being polluted with trash.

1. Swash zone: is alternately covered and exposed by wave run-up.

2. Beach face: sloping section below berm that is exposed to the swash of the waves.

3. Wrack line: the highest reach of the daily tide where organic and inorganic debris is deposited by wave action.

4. Berm: Nearly horizontal portion that stays dry except during extremely high tides and storms. May have sand dunes.

Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word beach, beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.

Beach may refer to:

small systems where rock material moves onshore, offshore, or alongshore by the forces of waves and currents; or

geological units of considerable size.

The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.

There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it. The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm. The berm is the deposit of material comprising the active shoreline. The berm has a crest (top) and a face-the latter being the slope leading down towards the water from the crest. At the very bottom of the face, there may be a trough, and further seaward one or more long shore bars: slightly raised, underwater embankments formed where the waves first start to break.

The sand deposit may extend well inland from the berm crest, where there may be evidence of one or more older crests (the storm beach) resulting from very large storm waves and beyond the influence of the normal waves. At some point the influence of the waves (even storm waves) on the material comprising the beach stops, and if the particles are small enough (sand size or smaller), winds shape the feature. Where wind is the force distributing the grains inland, the deposit behind the beach becomes a .

These geomorphic features compose what is called the beach profile. The beach profile changes seasonally due to the change in wave energy experienced during summer and winter months. In temperate areas where summer is characterised by calmer seas and longer periods between breaking wave crests, the beach profile is higher in summer. The gentle wave action during this season tends to transport sediment up the beach towards the berm where it is deposited and remains while the water recedes. Onshore winds carry it further inland forming and enhancing dunes.

Conversely, the beach profile is lower in the storm season (winter in temperate areas) due to the increased wave energy, and the shorter periods between breaking wave crests. Higher energy waves breaking in quick succession tend to mobilise sediment from the shallows, keeping it in suspension where it is prone to be carried along the beach by longshore currents, or carried out to sea to form longshore bars, especially if the longshore current meets an outflow from a river or flooding stream. The removal of sediment from the beach berm and dune thus decreases the beach profile.

In tropical areas, the storm season tends to be during the summer months, with calmer weather commonly associated with the winter season.

If storms coincide with unusually high tides, or with a freak wave event such as a tidal surge or tsunami which causes significant coastal flooding, substantial quantities of material may be eroded from the coastal plain or dunes behind the berm by receding water. This flow may alter the shape of the coastline, enlarge the mouths of rivers and create new deltas at the mouths of streams that had not been powerful enough to overcome longshore movement of sediment.

The line between beach and dune is difficult to define in the field. Over any significant period of time, sediment is always being exchanged between them. The drift line (the high point of material deposited by waves) is one potential demarcation. This would be the point at which significant wind movement of sand could occur, since the normal waves do not wet the sand beyond this area. However, the drift line is likely to move inland under assault by storm waves.

Beaches and recreation

The development of the beach as a popular leisure resort from the mid-19th century was the first manifestation of what is now the global tourist industry. The first seaside resorts were opened in the 18th century for the aristocracy, who began to frequent the seaside as well as the then fashionable spa towns, for recreation and health. One of the earliest such seaside resorts, was Scarborough in Yorkshire during the 1720s; it had been a fashionable spa town since a stream of acidic water was discovered running from one of the cliffs to the south of the town in the 17th century. The first rolling bathing machines were introduced by 1735.

The opening of the resort in Brighton and its reception of royal patronage from King George IV, extended the seaside as a resort for health and pleasure to the much larger London market, and the beach became a centre for upper-class pleasure and frivolity. This trend was praised and artistically elevated by the new romantic ideal of the picturesque landscape; Jane Austen's unfinished novel Sanditon is an example of that. Later, Queen Victoria's long-standing patronage of the Isle of Wight and Ramsgate in Kent ensured that a seaside residence was considered as a highly fashionable possession for those wealthy enough to afford more than one home.

Seaside resorts for the working class

The extension of this form of leisure to the middle and working class began with the development of the railways in the 1840s, which offered cheap and affordable fares to fast growing resort towns. In particular, the completion of a branch line to the small seaside town Blackpool from Poultron led to a sustained economic and demographic boom. A sudden influx of visitors, arriving by rail, provided the motivation for entrepreneurs to build accommodation and create new attractions, leading to more visitors and a rapid cycle of growth throughout the 1850s and 1860s.

The growth was intensified by the practice among the Lancashire cotton mill owners of closing the factories for a week every year to service and repair machinery. These became known as wakes weeks. Each town's mills would close for a different week, allowing Blackpool to manage a steady and reliable stream of visitors over a prolonged period in the summer. A prominent feature of the resort was the promenade and the pleasure piers, where an eclectic variety of performances vied for the people's attention. In 1863, the North Pier in Blackpool was completed, rapidly becoming a centre of attraction for elite visitors. Central Pier was completed in 1868, with a theatre and a large open-air dance floor.

Many of the popular beach resorts were equipped with bathing machines because even the all-covering beachwear of the period was considered immodest. By the end of the century the English coastline had over 100 large resort towns, some with populations exceeding 50,000.

Expansion around the world

The development of the seaside resort abroad was stimulated by the well developed English love of the beach. The French Riviera alongside the Mediterranean had already become a popular destination for the British upper class by the end of the 18th century. In 1864, the first railway to Nice was completed, making the Riviera accessible to visitors from all over Europe. By 1874, residents of foreign enclaves in Nice, most of whom were British, numbered 25,000. The coastline became renowned for attracting the royalty of Europe, including Queen Victoria and King Edward VII.

Continental European attitudes towards gambling and beach swimwear tended to be more lax than in Britain, so British and French entrepreneurs were quick to exploit the possibilities. In 1863, the Prince of Monaco, Charles III and François Blanc, a French businessman, arranged for steamships and carriages to take visitors from Nice to Monaco, where large luxury hotels, gardens and casinos were built. The place was renamed Monte Carlo.

Commercial sea bathing spread to the United States and parts of the British Empire by the end of the 19th century. By the late 1890s, Henry Flagler developed the Florida East Coast Railway, which linked the coastal sea resorts developing at St. Augustine, FL and Miami Beach, FL, to winter travelers from the northern United States and Canada on the East Coast Railway. By the early 20th century surfing was developed in Hawaii and Australia, and then moving to southern California by the early 1960s. By the 1970s cheap and affordable air travel was the catalyst for the growth of a truly global tourism market which benefited areas such as the Mediterranean, Australia, South Africa, and the coastal Sun Belt regions of the United States.

Beaches can be popular on warm sunny days. In the Victorian era, many popular beach resorts were equipped with bathing machines because even the all-covering beachwear of the period was considered immodest. This social standard still prevails in many Muslim countries.

In more than thirty countries in Europe, South Africa, New Zealand, Canada, Costa Rica, South America and the Caribbean, the best recreational beaches are awarded Blue Flag status, based on such criteria as water quality and safety provision. Subsequent loss of this status can have a severe effect on tourism revenues.

Beaches are often dumping grounds for waste and litter, necessitating the use of beach cleaners and other cleanup projects. More significantly, many beaches are a discharge zone for untreated sewage in most underdeveloped countries; even in developed countries beach closure is an occasional circumstance due to sanitary sewer overflow. In these cases of marine discharge, waterborne disease from fecal pathogens and contamination of certain marine species are a frequent outcome.

Artificial beaches

Some beaches are artificial; they are either permanent or temporary (For examples see Monaco, Paris, Copenhagen, Rotterdam, Nottingham, Toronto, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Tianjin).

The soothing qualities of a beach and the pleasant environment offered to the beachgoer are replicated in artificial beaches, such as "beach style" pools with zero-depth entry and wave pools that recreate the natural waves pounding upon a beach. In a zero-depth entry pool, the bottom surface slopes gradually from above water down to depth. Another approach involves so-called urban beaches, a form of public park becoming common in large cities. Urban beaches attempt to mimic natural beaches with fountains that imitate surf and mask city noises, and in some cases can be used as a play park.

Beach nourishment involves pumping sand onto beaches to improve their health. Beach nourishment is common for major beach cities around the world; however the beaches that have been nourished can still appear quite natural and often many visitors are unaware of the works undertaken to support the health of the beach. Such beaches are often not recognized (by consumers) as artificial. The Surfrider Foundation has debated the merits of artificial reefs with members torn between their desire to support natural coastal environments and opportunities to enhance the quality of surfing waves. Similar debates surround beach nourishment and snow cannon in sensitive environments.

Restrictions on access

Public access to beaches is restricted in some parts of the world. For example, most beaches on the Jersey Shore are restricted to people who can purchase beach tags. Some beaches also restrict dogs for some periods of the year.

Private beaches

Also, private beaches such as those along the shores, may belong to the neighborhood association nearby. Signs are usually posted the entrance. A permit or special use occasion event may be granted upon executing the proper channels to legally obtain one.

Public beaches

Public access to beaches is protected by law in the U.S. State of Oregon, thanks to a 1967 state law, the Oregon Beach Bill, which guaranteed public access from the Columbia River to the California state line, "so that the public may have the free and uninterrupted use".

Beach formation

Beaches are the result of wave action by which waves or currents move sand or other loose sediments of which the beach is made as these particles are held in suspension. Alternatively, sand may be moved by saltation (a bouncing movement of large particles).

Beach materials come from erosion of rocks offshore, as well as from headland erosion and slumping producing deposits of scree. Some of the whitest sand in the world, along Florida's Emerald Coast, comes from the erosion of quartz in the Appalachian Mountains.

A coral reef offshore is a significant source of sand particles. Some species of fish that feed on algae attached to coral outcrops and rocks can create substantial quantities of sand particles over their lifetime as they nibble during feeding, digesting the organic matter, and discarding the rock and coral particles which pass through their digestive tracts.

The composition of the beach depends upon the nature and quantity of sediments upstream of the beach, and the speed of flow and turbidity of water and wind.

Sediments are moved by moving water and wind according to their particle size and state of compaction. Particles tend to settle and compact in still water. Once compacted, they are more resistant to erosion. Established vegetation (especially species with complex network root systems) will resist erosion by slowing the fluid flow at the surface layer.

When affected by moving water or wind, particles that are eroded and held in suspension will increase the erosive power of the fluid that holds them by increasing the average density, viscosity and volume of the moving fluid.

The nature of sediments found on a beach tends to indicate the energy of the waves and wind in the locality. Coastlines facing very energetic wind and wave systems will tend to hold only large rocks as smaller particles will be held in suspension in the turbid water column and carried to calmer areas by longshore currents and tides. Coastlines that are protected from waves and winds will tend to allow finer sediments such as clays and mud to precipitate creating mud flats and mangrove forests.

The shape of a beach depends on whether the waves are constructive or destructive, and whether the material is sand or shingle.

Waves are constructive if the period between their wave crests is long enough for the breaking water to recede and the sediment to settle before the succeeding wave arrives and breaks. Fine sediment transported from lower down the beach profile will compact if the receding water percolates or soaks into the beach. Compacted sediment is more resistant to movement by turbulent water from succeeding waves.

Conversely, waves are destructive if the period between the wave crests is short. Sediment that remains in suspension when the following wave crest arrives will not be able to settle and compact and will be more susceptible to erosion by longshore currents and receding tides.

Constructive waves move material up the beach while destructive waves move the material down the beach. During seasons when destructive waves are prevalent, the shallows will carry an increased load of sediment and organic matter in suspension.

On sandy beaches, the turbulent backwash of destructive waves removes material forming a gently sloping beach. On pebble and shingle beaches the swash is dissipated more quickly because the large particle size allows greater percolation, thereby reducing the power of the backwash, and the beach remains steep.

Compacted fine sediments will form a smooth beach surface that resists wind and water erosion. During hot calm seasons, a crust may form on the surface of ocean beaches as the heat of the sun evaporates the water leaving the salt which crystallises around the sand particles. This crust forms an additional protective layer that resists wind erosion unless disturbed by animals, or dissolved by the advancing tide.

Cusps and horns form where incoming waves divide, depositing sand as horns and scouring out sand to form cusps. This forms the uneven face on some sand shorelines.

Beach erosion and accretion

Beaches are changed in shape chiefly by the movement of water and wind. Any weather event that is associated with turbid or fast flowing water, or high winds will erode exposed beaches. Longshore currents will tend to replenish beach sediments and repair storm damage. Tidal waterways generally change the shape of their adjacent beaches by small degrees with every tidal cycle. Over time these changes can become substantial leading to significant changes in the size and location of the beach.

Effects on flora

Changes in the shape of the beach may undermine the roots of large trees and other flora. Many beach adapted species (such as coconut palms) have a fine root system and large root ball which tends to withstand wave and wind action and tends to stabilize beaches better than other trees with a lesser root ball.

Effects on adjacent land

Erosion of beaches can expose less resilient soils and rocks to wind and wave action leading to undermining of coastal headlands eventually resulting in catastrophic collapse of large quantities of overburden into the shallows. This material may be distributed along the beach front leading to a change in the habitat as sea grasses and corals in the shallows may be buried or deprived of light and nutrients.

Manmade erosion and accretion

Coastal areas settled by man inevitably become subject to the effects of man-made structures and processes. Over long periods of time these influences may substantially alter the shape of the coastline, and the character of the beach.

Destruction of flora

Beach front flora plays a major role in stabilizing the foredunes and preventing beach head erosion and inland movement of dunes. If flora with network root systems (creepers, grasses and palms) are able to become established, they provide an effective coastal defense as they trap sand particles and rainwater and enrich the surface layer of the dunes, allowing other plant species to become established. They also protect the berm from erosion by high winds, freak waves and subsiding flood waters.

Over long periods of time, well stabilized foreshore areas will tend to accrete, while unstabilized foreshores will tend to erode, leading to substantial changes in the shape of the coastline. These changes usually occur over periods of many years. Freak wave events such as tsunami, tidal waves, and storm surges may substantially alter the shape, profile and location of a beach within hours.

Destruction of flora on the berm by the use of herbicides, excessive pedestrian or vehicle traffic, or disruption to fresh water flows may lead to erosion of the berm and dunes. While the destruction of flora may be a gradual process that is imperceptible to regular beach users, it often becomes immediately apparent after storms associated with high winds and freak wave events that can rapidly move large volumes of exposed and unstable sand, depositing them further inland, or carrying them out into the permanent water forming offshore bars, lagoons or increasing the area of the beach exposed at low tide. Large and rapid movements of exposed sand can bury and smother flora in adjacent areas, aggravating the loss of habitat for fauna, and enlarging the area of instability. If there is an adequate supply of sand, and weather conditions do not allow vegetation to recover and stabilize the sediment, wind-blown sand can continue to advance, engulfing and permanently altering downwind landscapes.

Sediment moved by waves or receding flood waters can be deposited in coastal shallows, engulfing reed beds and changing the character of underwater flora and fauna in the coastal shallows.

Burning or clearance of vegetation on the land adjacent to the beach head, for farming and residential development, changes the surface wind patterns, and exposes the surface of the beach to wind erosion.

Farming and residential development are also commonly associated with changes in local surface water flows. If these flows are concentrated in storm water drains emptying onto the beach head, they may erode the beach creating a lagoon or delta.

Dense vegetation tends to absorb rainfall reducing the speed of runoff and releasing it over longer periods of time. Destruction by burning or clearance of the natural vegetation tends to increase the speed and erosive power of runoff from rainfall. This runoff will tend to carry more silt and organic matter from the land onto the beach and into the sea. If the flow is constant, runoff from cleared land arriving at the beach head will tend to deposit this material into the sand changing its color, odor and fauna.

Beach access design

Beach access is an important consideration where substantial numbers of pedestrians or vehicles require access to the beach. Allowing random access across delicate foredunes is seldom considered good practice as it is likely to lead to destruction of flora and consequent erosion of the fore dunes.

A well designed beach access should:

provide a durable surface able to withstand the traffic flow;

aesthetically complement the surrounding structures and natural landforms;

be located in an area that is convenient for users and consistent with safe traffic flows;

be scaled to match the traffic flow (i.e. wide and strong enough to safely carry the size and quantity of pedestrians and vehicles intended to use it);

be maintained appropriately; and

be signed and lit to discourage beach users from creating their own alternative crossings that may be more destructive to the beachhead.

Concrete ramp or steps

A concrete ramp should follow the natural profile of the beach to prevent it from changing the normal flow of waves, longshore currents, water and wind. A ramp that is below the beach profile will tend to become buried and cease to provide a good surface for vehicular traffic. A ramp or stair that protrudes above the beach profile will tend to disrupt longshore currents creating deposits in front of the ramp, and scouring behind. Concrete ramps are the most expensive vehicular beach accesses to construct requiring use of a quick drying concrete or a coffer dam to protect them from tidal water during the concrete curing process. Concrete is favored where traffic flows are heavy and access is required by vehicles that are not adapted to soft sand (e.g. road registered passenger vehicles and boat trailers). Concrete stairs are commonly favored on beaches adjacent to population centers where beach users may arrive on the beach in street shoes, or where the foreshore roadway is substantially higher than the beach head and a ramp would be too steep for safe use by pedestrians. A composite stair ramp may incorporate a central or side stair with one or more ramps allowing pedestrians to lead buggies or small boat dollies onto the beach without the aid of a powered vehicle or winch. Concrete ramps and steps should be maintained to prevent buildup of moss or algae that may make their wet surfaces slippery and dangerous to pedestrians and vehicles.

Corduroy (beach ladder)

A corduroy or beach ladder (or board and chain) is an array of planks (usually hardwood or treated timber) laid close together and perpendicular to the direction of traffic flow, and secured at each end by a chain or cable to form a pathway or ramp over the sand dune. Corduroys are cheap and easy to construct and quick to deploy or relocate. They are commonly used for pedestrian access paths and light duty vehicular access ways. They naturally conform to the shape of the underlying beach or dune profile, and adjust well to moderate erosion, especially longshore drift. However, they can cease to be an effective access surface if they become buried or undermined by erosion by surface runoff coming from the beach head. If the corduroy is not wide enough for vehicles using it, the sediment on either side may be displaced creating a spoon drain that accelerates surface run off and can quickly lead to serious erosion. Significant erosion of the sediment beside and under the corduroy can render it completely ineffective and make it dangerous to pedestrian users who may fall between the planks.

Fabric ramp

Fabric ramps are commonly employed by the military for temporary purposes where the underlying sediment is stable and hard enough to support the weight of the traffic. A sheet of porous fabric is laid over the sand to stabilize the surface and prevent vehicles from bogging. Fabric Ramps usually cease to be useful after one tidal cycle as they are easily washed away, or buried in sediment.

Foliage ramp

A foliage ramp is formed by planting resilient species of hardy plants such as grasses over a well formed sediment ramp. The plants may be supported while they become established by placement of layers of mesh, netting, or coarse organic material such as vines or branches. This type of ramp is ideally suited for intermittent use by vehicles with a low wheel loading such as dune buggies or agricultural vehicles with large tyres. A foliage ramp should require minimal maintenance if initially formed to follow the beach profile, and not overused.

Gravel ramp

A gravel ramp is formed by excavating the underlying loose sediment and filling the excavation with layers of gravel of graduated sizes as defined by John Loudon McAdam. The gravel is compacted to form a solid surface according to the needs of the traffic. Gravel ramps are less expensive to construct than concrete ramps and are able to carry heavy road traffic provided the excavation is deep enough to reach solid subsoil. Gravel ramps are subject to erosion by water. If the edges are retained with boards or walls and the profile matches the surrounding beach profile, a gravel ramp may become more stable as finer sediments are deposited by percolating water.

Longest beaches

Amongst the world's longest beaches are:

Praia do Cassino (212 kilometres [132 mi]) in Brazil;

Ninety Mile Beach in Victoria, Australia (151 kilometres [94 mi]);

Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (125 kilometres [78 mi] unbroken);

90 Mile Beach in New Zealand (88 kilometres [55 mi]);

Fraser Island beach (about 65 kilometres [40 mi]) in Queensland, Australia;

Troia-Sines Beach (63 kilometres [39 mi]) in Portugal;

the Jersey Shore, 204 km/127 miles; and

Long Beach, Washington (which is about 40 kilometres [25 mi]).

Padre Island beach (about 182 kilometres [113 mi]) in Gulf of Mexico,Texas.

Playa Novillera beach (about 90 kilometres [56 mi]) in Mexico.

Beach wildlife

A beach is an unstable environment that exposes plants and animals to changeable and potentially harsh conditions. Some animals burrow into the sand and feed on material deposited by the waves. Crabs, insects and shorebirds feed on these beach dwellers. The endangered piping plover and some tern species rely on beaches for nesting. Sea turtles also bury their eggs in ocean beaches. Seagrasses and other beach plants grow on undisturbed areas of the beach and dunes.

Ocean beaches are habitats with organisms adapted to salt spray, tidal overwash, and shifting sands. Some of these organisms are found only on beaches. Examples of these beach organisms in the southeast US include plants like sea oats, sea rocket, beach elder, beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae), and beach peanut, and animals such as mole crabs ( Hippoidea), coquina clams ( Donax), ghost crabs, and white beach tiger beetles.

Images for kids

Beach zones
A berm is a nearly horizontal portion that stays dry except during extremely high tides and storms. The swash zone is alternately covered and exposed by wave run-up. The beach face is the sloping section below the berm that is exposed to the swash of the waves. The wrack line (not shown here) is the highest reach of the daily tide where organic and inorganic debris is deposited by wave action. May have sand dunes.

Summer versus winter beach
The differences between summer and winter on beaches in areas where the winter conditions are rougher and waves have a shorter wavelength but higher energy. In winter, sand from the beach is stored offshore.

Quartz sand particles and shell fragments from a beach. The primary component of typical beach sand is quartz, or silica (SiO2).

Pärnu, the summer capital of Estonia, is especially known for its sand beaches by the Baltic Sea, making it one of the most popular travel destinations.

The entrance of the Romance Beach in Medan, using Sakura and spring-like decor, evoking a romantic sense as its name suggests.

In Spanish: Playa para niños

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Farm Animals for Kids | Learn all about these fun animals!

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Coastal Habitats for Kids| Facts and Quiz | The seaside

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Some mountains were formed by the activity of volcanoes. Scientists believe that most volcanic mountains are made up of rock that melted deep within Earth. The rock rose through Earth's surface, or crust. It then flowed onto the surface in the form of lava. The lava, along with volcanic dust, built up to form mountains. Volcanic mountains are typically steep and cone shaped. Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa, and Mount Rainier in the United States are examples of volcanic mountains.

Other mountains were formed by movements within Earth's surface, or crust. The theory called plate tectonics explains this type of mountain building. Earth's surface is divided into huge pieces called plates, which move very slowly. The continents sit on top of the plates and move with them. At times the plates collide, forcing the rock upward. The Himalayas of Asia are an example of this type of mountain chain. They were formed when a plate carrying India collided with the Asian plate.

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A mountain is a landform that rises high above its surroundings. Taller than a hill, it usually has steep slopes and a rounded or sharp peak. Mountains are rarely found...

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Making Mountains

Some mountains form when the big slabs of rock-called tectonic plates-that make up the Earth's crust crash into each other. Over millions of years, the sheets of rock push up and over one another, creating the mountain. Others form when vents in the Earth's surface erupt and spew lava out onto the ground. The lava piles up and cools. Over millions of years, the many layers of hard lava become a mountain.

Mountains are on every continent. The longest mountain range is over 40,000 miles long-and 90 percent is under the ocean! Called the Mid-Ocean Ridge, it wraps around the globe like the seams of a baseball. The longest aboveground mountain range is the Andes. Running along the entire west coast of South America through seven different countries-including Argentina, Chile, and Colombia -it's 4,700 miles long.

Mount Everest, on the border of Nepal and China in Asia, is the highest mountain above sea level in the world. Towering at just over 29,000 feet it would take almost 5,000 grown men stacked on top of each other to reach that high.

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Mountains And Volcanoes! | SciShow Kids Compilation

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An alligator dozes on a log. A heron soars overhead and lands in the reeds a safe distance away. Sploop! A frog jumps into the water while insects buzz and chirp. This freshwater habitat is a busy place!

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Kids learn about the major deserts of the United States including the Mohave, the Sonoran, the Chihuahuan, and the Great Basin Desert. Geography of the US.

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The Sonoran Desert is a North American desert. It covers large parts of the Southwestern United States in Arizona and California. It also covers parts of Northwestern Mexico. This includes Sonora, Baja California and Baja California Sur. It is the hottest desert in North America. The Sonoran Desert has an area of 280,000 square kilometers (110,000 sq mi). The western portion of the United States-Mexico border goes through the Sonoran Desert. It is the hottest desert in North America. It is known for its giant Saguaro cactuses.

Images for kids

In Spanish: Desierto de Sonora para niños

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A swamp is a type of wetland where trees are common. Swamps are similar to marshes because both have soils that are rich in minerals. Marshes, however, have grasses instead of trees.

Swamps are common in low-lying areas near rivers, which supply the water. Swamps also form on flat land along seacoasts. The soil in a swamp is poorly drained, which means that the water flows through very slowly. The ground becomes soaked. Shallow water often covers the ground.

Swamps may have either fresh water or salt water. The kinds of plants in a swamp depend on the type of water. Bald cypress, gum, willow, alder, maple, and palm trees are common in freshwater swamps. Saltwater swamps have few plants because most plants cannot grow in salt water. However, mangrove trees thrive in saltwater swamps.

Swamps are often rich in wildlife. Alligators, shrimps, crayfish, snakes, frogs, snails, fish, and birds live in swamps.

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A swamp is a type of wetland where trees are common. Swamps are similar to marshes because both have soils that are rich in minerals. Marshes, however, have grasses instead of trees. Swamps are common in low-lying areas near rivers, which supply the water. Swamps also form on flat land along seacoasts.

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Rainforest Facts for Kids | All About the Amazon & Other Tropical Rainforests

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Polar Habitats for Kids| Facts and Quiz | Arctic and Antarctica

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There are over 1,600 species of bamboo around the world. A member of the grass family, it is found on every continent except Europe and Antarctica. Bamboo's resilience, versatility, and unique ability to grow quickly and create complex root systems make it a vital species in its native ecosystem. It provides a habitat for biodiversity, reduces land degradation, stabilizes slopes, produces oxygen, absorbs heavy metals, sequesters carbon, and has over 10,000 documented uses - including replacing plastics, paper, and wood. As global temperatures continue to rise, the conservation and reforestation of bamboo forests serve as a

It is estimated that bamboo forests cover 35-50 million hectares of land. This provides shade, housing, and food for millions of plant, animal, and insect species. Soft bamboo shoots, stems, and leaves are the primary diet of the giant panda of China, the of Nepal, and many lemurs in Madagascar. Mountain gorillas, chimpanzees and elephants of Central Africa eat bamboo, and various forest rats and mice feed on its flowers.

Shallow roots are one of the most distinguishable characteristics of bamboo. An extensive network of fibrous rhizomes in the topsoil can prevent erosion and control floods and landslides by holding particles together. It is incredibly resilient and capable of regenerating when the region is destroyed by wildfires or severe weather. These roots allow bamboo to take hold on steep and marginal soils, making them a good choice for reforesting on slopes. In many ways, bamboo can help stabilize and regrow land altered by the effects of changing climate, while also helping at the root cause.

Bamboo can rapidly sequester greenhouse gases in biomass and soil. It removes carbon from the air faster than almost any other plant species and can thrive on inhospitable degraded lands [ 1]. A grove of bamboo also releases 35% more oxygen than an equivalent grouping of trees, providing clean air for all to breathe. Their root systems serve as a natural water purification filter and have a higher capacity for groundwater recharge.

With the tensile strength of steel, hardness of oak, and extreme flexibility, bamboo has the potential to replace plastics, paper, and wood in all industries including retail, construction, and fashion. The largest bamboo can grow over 30 m (98 ft) tall, and the fastest-growing species can grow 910 mm (36 in) within a 24-hour period. Full height is reached in one growing season or can be allowed to reach full stalk thickness in four to eight years. Once cut down, they will immediately begin regrowing which is in stark contrast to paper's primary source, trees. Bamboo also has antibacterial properties, is 100% biodegradable, and when spun into fabric will outlast cotton in keeping shape, strength, and durability three times over.

Many household items are now being made out of bamboo, like toothbrushes, paper towels, sponges, single-use plates, and silverware as well as reusable water bottles and coffee cups. The possibilities of bamboo are endless and its cultivation and usefulness as a climate solution are now more important than ever. Bamboo can deliver the resources needed to restore habitats and create carbon sinks quickly. Among the solutions to the climate crisis, bamboo protection and cultivation is one of the most evident.

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The wonders of bamboo groves | One Earth

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There are over 1,600 species of bamboo around the world. A member of the grass family, it is found on every continent except Europe and Antarctica. Bamboo's resilience, versatility, and unique ability to grow quickly and create complex root systems make it a vital species in its native ecosystem.

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Bamboo and Wildlife Conservation: Protecting Endangered Species Through Thriving Habitats

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In the realm of nature’s wonders, bamboo stands tall as a vital catalyst for biodiversity and wildlife conservation. This incredible plant doesn’t just serve as panda delicacies and material for crafts; it plays a pivotal role in nurturing and protecting endangered species within its sprawling forests. In this article, we delve into the fascinating world of bamboo forests and their crucial contribution to wildlife conservation efforts.The Bamboo Haven for Biodiversity Bamboo forests, often overl

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Harmony Square - Educational Videos & Activities

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Exploring Forest Habitats: Learn about the plants and animals in different forest habitats

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What Animals Live in the Arctic? | Where is the Arctic for Kids

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Exploring the Coral Reef: Learn about Oceans for Kids - FreeSchool

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The Basics of Freshwater: Crash Course Kids 14.1

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Winshill Village Primary and Nursery School

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Ocean Animals for Kids | Learn all about the Animals and Plants that Live in the Ocean

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What is an urban habitat? - BBC Bitesize

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Urban habitats are found in towns and cities. Find out more in this Bitesize Primary KS1 Science guide.

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Science Trek | Urban Wildlife: Living Wild in the City

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What kind of animals live in an urban environment?

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Urban Habitat: Biodiversity in Our Cities: Video | Nature Works Everywhere | Grades 3-5, 6-8, 9-12 Ecosystem Relationships Teaching and Lesson Resources

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In this video, designed to accompany the Habitats and Pollinators Garden Activity Guide, students learn that a garden is a mini-urban ecosystem that can support the health of the entire urban environment.

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Urban, Backyard, and Garden Habitats

As we have removed many natural habitats to make way for urban development, we need to ensure that these regions are animal-friendly. Creating spaces in your school grounds, as well as your backyard and garden, that are safe and best reflect these animals' natural habitats is a great way to do so!

Fruit bearing trees, flowers, and plants attract native birds, invertebrates (insects, worms, snails, etc.), and give them a place to eat, sleep, rest, etc.

These animals deserve our respect and kindness just as much as any other animal, so it's best to help and watch them from a distance.

Have a look below at the amazing taonga that make urban, garden, and backyard habitats their home, what challenges they face, and how you can help!

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As we have removed many natural habitats to make way for urban development, we need to ensure that these regions are animal-friendly. Creating spaces in your school grounds, as well as your backyard and garden, that are safe and best reflect these animals' natural habitats is a great way to do so!

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Antarctica | Learn Facts about Antarctica for Kids

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Antarctica: The Coldest Place on Earth! | SciShow Kids

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Our Antarctica Facts for Kids shall provide lots of interesting and fun facts on the southernmost continent.

Antarctica is the least populated continent of our planet. The word 'Antarctica' comes from the Greek term 'antarktike' meaning 'the opposite to arctic' or 'opposite to north'.

Top 15 Antarctica Facts

1. According to size, Antarctica is the fifth largest continent of our planet. The continent is almost double the size of Australia!

2. Antarctica is an ice covered continent surrounded by the Southern Ocean. Almost all of the continent's land is covered by a thick layer of ice. On average the ice is 1.9 km/6,200 ft deep. Read more on the Southern Ocean here. The inland ice-sheet has a thickness of up to 4 km/13,000 ft.

3. Antarctica is the driest continent of the seven continents. Ant arctica is an icy desert with very little rainfall throughout the year.

4. Antarctica is the windiest place on the earth where windspeed of more than 350 kilometres per hour/218 miles per hour have been measured.

4. Antarctica is the least populated continent. There are no residents living permanently here. Only around 1,000 people (in winter) and 10,000 people (in summer) live on the continent. These people are mainly based there for one year to live and work in the research stations. The research stations are scattered all around the continent.

5. The Antarctic Treaty which came into force in 1961 is now signed by 53 countries. The treaty regulates the international relations between all countries to support scientific operations on the ice. Article 1 of the Antarctic Treaty states that 'The area is to be used for peaceful purposes only'. According to the Antarctic Treaty, Antarctica refers to the land and ice shelves from 60 degrees south of the equator.

6. There are 18 countries who regularly send scientists and researchers to the various stations on the continent. The most and biggest stations are held by the USA, Russia, Chile, Argentina and Australia. The largest research station is McMurdo station, which is an research centre. There more than 1,000 scientists work on various research projects during summertime.

7. Highest continent: Antarctica has the highest average elevation of all continents. Most of the continent is higher than 3,000 m/9,900 ft. above sea level. The highest mountain on Antarctica is Mount Vinson at 4,900 metres/16,000 ft.

More Antarctica Facts

8. Antarctica Facts - Flora: The few areas where there is no or only little ice throughout the year are located in the most northern parts of the continent. There one will find also the typical Tundra vegetation. Typical Tundra plants are small scrubs, grasses and mosses.

9. Antarctica Facts - Fauna/Wildlife: There are not many species living on the Antarctic continent. Whales, and seals live in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. The Emperor penguins are the only penguin species breeding on Antarctica.

Emperor penguins are the tallest and heaviest of all penguin species. They grow to over 120 cm/48 inches in height and weigh up to 45 kg/100 lb. These penguins feed on krill, fish and squid. The penguin colonies on Antarctica usually contain thousands of penguins. On Antarctica there are about 5 million penguins!

10. Antarctica Climate - Coldest Place: Antarctica is the coldest continent of our planet. The coldest air temperature ever measured in Antarctica was -89.2°C /-128.6 °F at Vostok Station in 1983. Along the Antarctic coast, the average temperature is -10°C /14 °F. The coastline has the warmest climate of the continent.

11. The geographic South Pole is located more than 1,235 km/767 miles from the coast on a plateau 2,800 metres/9,100 ft. above sea level.

The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station is located next to the geographic south pole, as you can see in the image above.

12. Antarctica Facts - Famous explorers:

British explorer James Cook was the first to cross the Antarctic circle and to circumnavigate the Antarctic continent as early as 1773

Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole in 1911

British polar explorer Ernest Shackleton undertook three Antarctic explorations and was the first to cross South Georgia in Antarctica in 1916

13. In 1985, scientists described a huge ozone hole which grew in the atmosphere over Antarctica. It had formed in less than ten years as ozone values had sank every Springtime in the Antarctic. Man-made chemicals were destroying the ozone layer. The thinning ozone layer was understood as a warning sign. The ozone hole shows how sensitive our planet is to our activities.

14. About 40,000 tourists from around the world visit Antarctica every year on polar cruises and exploration trips.

T ourist attractions in Antarctica are:

Deception island, formerly a whaling station, is popular for its still active volcano and it's viewpoint at Neptune's Bellows.

Port Lockroy on Wince Island, where there is a Antarctic heritage centre and museum.

Drake Passage is a popular part of polar cruises although it is known for its rough seas. The water channel lies between South America and Antarctica.

Tourists will also enjoy watching the Aurora australis, the Southern Lights in the Antarctic winter between March and September.

15. Antarctica Facts: Antarctica contains more than 90% of the world's ice and more than 90% of our planet's fresh water.

Useful Resources for Antarctica Facts:

Read more about the other continents
Image Credits on Antarctica facts page: Shutterstock.com and wikipedia commons Return from Antarctica Facts to Kids-World-Travel-Guide Homepage

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Antarctica Facts for Kids | Geography | Continents | Facts for Kids

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Our Antarctica Facts for Kids will provide exciting and fun facts - researched by kids for kids

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Antarctica Today | Grades 6-8 The Poles, Hemispheres, Equator, and Meridian Teaching and Lesson Resources

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This video learning object will examine what Antarctica looks like today – how thick the ice cover is, what the continent would look like without ice, and how ANDRILL scientists prepare to work in the coldest, driest, windiest place on Earth.

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A prairie is a type of habitat with mostly grasses, but also flowering plants and occasional shrubs or isolated trees. This type of habitat can be found around the world, but it goes by different names, such as steppes in Asia. The word prairie generally means grasslands in North America. There are often many animals on a prairie, that either prefer a prairie or can only live in a prairie. Some that are well known are the American bison (also called the buffalo) and the pronghorn antelope. Birds include the bobolink and meadowlark.

Tall grass prairie

A tall grass prairie has plants and grasses that typically grow three to seven feet (one to two meters) high, with occasional plants growing higher. This type of prairie grows in areas with a good amount of rain. Illinois (the prairie state), Indiana and Iowa are good examples of where a tall grass prairie would be. This type of habitat usually has rich soil and is very good for farming. Much of the original prairie has been changed into crops or lost to brush and trees.

Trees can grow in this area, but most were stopped by fires that would sweep through. Some oaks and hickories could survive a prairie fire. If there are scattered trees, it is called a savanna, and an area in a prairie where trees grew closer together is called a grove. In the last century, fires have been stopped, and trees and brush that once did not grow in prairies are taking over. Some of this brush was accidentally introduced from Europe or elsewhere. In Illinois, less than 0.01% of the original prairie still exists. For this reason, conservationists in this area practice prairie restoration to bring the prairie back.

Short grass prairie

Short grass prairie is in drier areas, and is usually one to two feet (0.3 to 0.6 meters) high and has more space between plants. The American West (from central Texas up into Canada, east of the arid semi- desert) is all short grass prairie. Much of this area is converted to pastures for grazing cows and sheep. Areas near rivers are irrigated for crops. Some of the original native plants are still widespread.

Images for kids

Tallgrass prairie flora (Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie)

Prairie Homestead, Milepost 213 on I-29, South Dakota (May 2010).

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A prairie is a type of habitat with mostly grasses, but also flowering plants and occasional shrubs or isolated trees. This type of habitat can be found around the world, but it goes by different names, such as steppes in Asia. The word prairie generally means grasslands in North America.

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Prairies are expansive grassland ecosystems known for their rich biodiversity, characterized by grasses, wildflowers, and a variety of wildlife, often shaped by climatic conditions and natural disturbances like fire.

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Prairies are expansive grassland ecosystems known for their rich soil, diverse plant and animal life, and seasonal wildflower displays.

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Prairie Quick Facts | Students | CampSilos

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Tallgrass Prairie Tallgrass prairie once covered 142 million acres.Prairies once covered about 40% of the United States.Prairies are one of the most recently

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What Animals Live in the Desert? | Desert Animals for Kids

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Explore the Rainforest! | Ecology for Kids

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Where Can We Find Water?  | SciShow Kids