# data[].attributes.body
This culinary journey, which I started with no prior kitchen experience, has changed me in ways I can't even begin to describe. It all started with a strong interest in food and a desire to learn more about professional cooking. Now I have a basic understanding of important cooking skills and methods. I wanted to learn how to use kitchen tools correctly, cook correctly, and develop good habits from the start. The lessons were structured in such a way that I was fully prepared to reach these goals.

The practical sessions, which taught me everything from how to julienne and chiffonade vegetables to how to tell when meat is done and how to marinate it, have helped me become a better cook. I've learned that being exact when you prepare food, whether it's by using the Standard Breading Procedure (SBP) for crispy fish or the right measurements for beef marination, makes a big difference in the quality and consistency of the finished dish. My cooking style has changed from being afraid to try new things to being more confident and careful. Now I focus on making complete, well-balanced meals instead of just individual parts.

One of the most important things we've learned is how different types of cooking knowledge are connected and how important it is to pay attention to the basics. Learning how to make strong stocks and change the texture of sauces with thickening agents like roux to get "nappe" consistency has been a big help in making my sauces deeper and more complex. The focus on soft skills like time management and the disciplined practice of mise en place, in addition to technical skills, turned out to be an unexpected but absolutely necessary base for cooking well and efficiently. This realization has given me the power to plan tasks well so that all the parts of a dish come together perfectly.

At the end of the day, this class hasn't just taught me practical skills to confidently handle my way around the kitchen, it's also given me a greater respect for the art and science behind cooking. My initial apprehension has been replaced with excitement and a real interest in trying new things, reflecting my belief that food is a special force that brings people together. I now have a strong foundation to keep learning, experimenting, and sharing the happiness that comes from cooking.

# data[].attributes.body
I started this cooking adventure with zero kitchen skills, and it's completely changed how I see cooking. What used to feel like a scary, professional-only world now seems like a welcoming and deeply satisfying craft. Each new cooking technique I've learned has boosted my overall abilities, building my confidence and precision step by step. For example, mastering knife skills by practicing different ways to cut vegetables made a huge difference in my control and how good my dishes look. Learning the science behind methods like blanching and sautéing taught me how getting things ready the right way directly affects the quality of the food.

My cooking style has changed a lot. What started as just curiosity is now a careful, precise way of doing things. The "Doneness of meat" chart was a real eye-opener, giving me exact temperatures and resting times for perfectly cooked meat every time. Now, I apply this attention to detail to all the proteins I cook. Breaking down dishes into their parts, like understanding the Standard Breading Procedure for Fish and Chips or analyzing all the elements of a plated beef dish, has made me think more about creating a complete, well-rounded meal. I'm not just thinking about taste anymore, but also about texture, color, and how it all looks on the plate.

One of the biggest surprises was realizing how important stocks and thickeners are. Understanding how stocks create flavor and how roux helps control texture has changed how I add depth to my dishes. One of the biggest surprises was just how crucial stocks and thickeners really are. Learning how stocks create depth of flavor and how a roux subtly controls texture totally transformed my whole way of thinking about building layers of taste in my cooking. Getting a sauce just to that perfect "nappe" consistency felt like a real breakthrough, a moment of kitchen artistry, and showed me just how essential it is to pay close attention and trust my instincts. But above all, I had a revelation about the importance of time management and mise en place. This soft skill, basically the art of carefully organizing all your tasks and prepping everything just so, has become the rock-solid base of my cooking. It makes sure everything comes together smoothly and right on schedule. These insights, from the details of precise knife cuts and temperatures to mastering those basic sauces and planning everything efficiently, have given me a complete understanding and a whole new level of confidence in the kitchen.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Gisselen, W. (2018). Professional cooking (9th ed) ,Canad:John Wiley & Sons Inc

2. America, C. I. (2011). Professional chef (9th ed) ,Canad:John Wiley & Sons Inc

3. Gisselen, W. (2012). Professional baking (6th ed) ,New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons Inc

4. Kittler P. G. & Sucher, K. P. (2000). Culture foods, traditional and trends : ,Wadsworth,USA

5. Noraini Sidek (2004). Sajian keraian, perancangan, penyediaan dan resepi Malaysia : ,Kuala Lumpur:Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd

6. Peterson, J. (2012). Meat: a kitchen education : ,Philapedia:Ten Speed Press

7. Richard Lawley, L. C. (2012). Food safety hazard guidebook : :Cambridge United

# data[].attributes.body
I've realized that a key part of making great sauces is something called "nappe." It's a hands-on skill that I now see as a sign of truly refined sauce work. Basically, it means getting your sauce to just the right thickness. It should be thick enough to stick to the back of a spoon and leave a clear trail if you run your finger across it. But it's more than just being thick; it's about finding that perfect consistency where the sauce clings to your food beautifully, giving you a burst of flavor in every bite. Picking up this skill has made me understand how important it is to know all about different thickening agents, like different kinds of roux (white, blonde, and brown), slurries, or cream. You need a good eye and a feel for how these agents react with liquids when you heat them, so you can tell exactly when your sauce has reached that ideal thickness. I think that getting really good at nappe will let me turn a sauce from just a side dish into a vital part of the meal, making the whole thing taste richer and more luxurious. It really shows off my attention to detail and how skilled I am in the kitchen.

At its core, time management keeps my cooking process running smoothly and efficiently, but nappe skill is the artistic touch I bring to one of the most delicate aspects of cooking. Combined, these skills highlight the many sides of culinary mastery, mixing careful planning with skilled execution to create consistently outstanding meals.

# data[].attributes.body
In my exploration of culinary arts, I've discovered two key areas that have significantly influenced both my cooking methods and my overall understanding of kitchen dynamics which is managing time effectively and mastering the delicate art of achieving a nappe consistency in sauces.

While time management might seem like a general organizational concept, it has proven to be an absolutely essential soft skill, the quiet yet sturdy foundation of any successful cooking venture. My learning has shown me that it involves much more than just keeping an eye on the clock; it's about cleverly orchestrating tasks and ingredients. The importance of this has really hit home through the concept of mise en place, the fundamental idea of having everything neatly organized and ready before you even start cooking. Getting a handle on this means I can better judge how long tasks will take, prioritize what needs to be done first, and make sure all parts of a dish come together perfectly at the same time. This forward-thinking approach helps me foresee and avoid potential delays, ensuring a seamless workflow. I now see that without solid time management, dishes can easily turn out poorly, such as served cold, overcooked, or incomplete, leading to wasted food and a less satisfying meal. For me, effective time management is turning into a form of culinary dance, showcasing discipline and foresight in the kitchen.

# data[].attributes.body
During week 6, I learned a wide range of vegetable cutting techniques. These included batonnet, julienne, and fine julienne, which helped me practice cutting vegetables into thin, uniform strips. I also practiced large dice, medium dice, small dice, brunoise, and fine brunoise, which taught me how to create precise cube-shaped cuts.

In addition, I learned chiffonade for slicing leafy greens into thin ribbons, and paysanne and fermìere, which are flat, rustic cuts used in soups and stews. I found tourné, a seven-sided barrel-shaped cut, to be the most challenging but rewarding. I also practiced rondelle (round slices), chopping, mincing, slicing, and portioning vegetables into florets and wedges.

# data[].attributes.body
For cooking, I applied two key methods: blanching, which involves briefly boiling vegetables and cooling them in ice water to preserve color and texture, and sautéing, where I cooked vegetables in oil with salt and black pepper to enhance flavor and keep them slightly crisp.

These techniques improved my knife control, cooking skills, and understanding of how preparation affects the quality of a finished dish.

# data[].attributes.body
Based on the lesson learned about eggs and dairy products, I better realized the different preparations of eggs and their roles in meal composition, especially in combinations for breakfast. I learned to prepare eggs differently, such as sunny side up, over easy, scrambled, poached, and as an omelette. Each one imparts unique textures and flavors, which I know how to cook through the correct techniques. I have also learned how to cook an omelette using three eggs, milk, and ingredients like chopped onions, capsicum cut into brunoise, and button mushrooms, which not only contribute flavor but also lend the dish an appealing visual aesthetic as well. The lesson has taught me why eggs and milk are essential in cooking and how to prepare a complete, healthy, and satisfying breakfast plate.

# data[].attributes.body
Moreover, I have learned how to build a balanced breakfast ensemble. The breakfast served is sizable, consisting of a yellowish-golden omelette that seems to have diced vegetables visible within its folds. The omelette is served with two slices of toast, which provide a source of carbohydrates. A generous serving of baked beans covered in a savory and slightly sweet sauce adds to the flavor profile. Along with the dish are several grilled chicken sausages, which serve as a good source of protein, along with sautéed vegetables that appear to include tomatoes and mushrooms, adding freshness and flavor.

# data[].attributes.body
By week 9, it had expanded my understanding of basic cooking techniques for pasta, dumplings and rice. I've learned that blanching pasta is a method to partially cook it, likely to achieve a specific texture for a later stage in a recipe, and it involves simple ingredients like pasta, water, oil, and salt. Including a Bolognese sauce recipe provides a practical application of blanched pasta, showcasing how various aromatic vegetables, meat, and tomatoes are combined and seasoned to create a rich sauce.

Moving on to dumplings, the focus here is on the filling. The provided list of ingredients, such as prawn or minced meat, finely chopped vegetables, and seasoning, highlights the versatility of dumpling fillings. The mention of wonton wrappers indicates a specific type of dumpling. This section has given me insight into the basic components of creating a flavorful dumpling filling.

Finally, the pilaf rice recipe has illuminated a method of cooking rice beyond just boiling. The process of sautéing onions, and optionally carrots and celery, in butter before adding the rice and liquid (potentially enhanced with stock powder) suggests a way to infuse the rice with more flavor. The addition of a bay leaf further emphasizes the layering of tastes in this dish. Overall, this sheet has provided a concise overview of essential techniques and ingredients for preparing these three distinct carbohydrate-based dishes, emphasizing the foundational steps in creating more complex meals.

# data[].attributes.body
I began by deconstructing the art of creating perfect mashed potatoes, moving beyond simply boiling and mashing to appreciate the nuances of peeling, even-sized cutting for uniform cooking, thorough draining to prevent a watery consistency, and the crucial incorporation of butter and cream for richness and velvety texture. The discussion extended to the transformation of this creamy base into more structured and texturally complex dishes like William and croquette potatoes. I learned how the addition of binding agents such as flour and eggs provides the necessary stability for shaping, while the subsequent coating in breadcrumbs, often preceded by an egg wash for better adhesion, promises a delightful crispy exterior contrasting with the soft interior.

The preparation of jacket potatoes offered a refreshing perspective on simplicity, emphasizing the inherent flavor and satisfying texture of a whole baked potato encased in its own crispy skin, with the mere addition of seasoning and fresh toppings like spring onion highlighting its natural appeal. Perhaps most illuminating was the detailed process of crafting perfect fries. The seemingly simple act of frying potatoes was revealed to be a multi-step procedure involving precise cutting into uniform batonnets, a critical soaking phase to eliminate excess surface starch for optimal crispness and prevent sticking, and thorough drying to avoid steaming in the hot oil. The introduction of a light coating using a combination of all-purpose flour and the magic ingredient, cornstarch, along with the potential use of cold water for enhanced crispiness, underscored the scientific principles at play in achieving that quintessential golden and crunchy fry.

Through each of these detailed explorations, I've not only learned specific recipes but also gained a deeper understanding of how different cooking techniques from the gentle hydration of boiling to the dry heat of baking and the transformative power of frying interact with the potato's structure and composition. The class underscored how seemingly minor variations in preparation, such as the size of the cut, the addition of specific binding agents, or even the temperature of the water used in a batter, can significantly impact the final texture and flavor of the dish. This newfound knowledge provides a solid and adaptable foundation for confidently exploring a wider range of potato-based recipes and for appreciating the culinary potential held within this seemingly ordinary vegetable.

# data[].attributes.headline
WEEK 10: UNDERSTANDINGS STOCKS AND THICKENING AGENTS 

# data[].attributes.subject
WEEK 10: UNDERSTANDINGS STOCKS AND THICKENING AGENTS 

# data[].attributes.body
In consideration of the learning I have acquired pertaining to stocks and thickening agents, I have achieved a comprehensive appreciation of these two basic elements in the context of culinary arts, which constitute essential foundation elements for a wide range of dishes. Stocks, it has surfaced, are basically flavor liquid foundations, and a clear distinction is made between white stock and brown stock. White stock is conventionally made from fish or chicken bones, which results in a lighter flavor. On the other hand, brown stock is prepared using beef bones, implying a robust and stronger flavor.

The preparation of making white or brown stock involves common aspects of the two. It utilizes bones, fish/chicken for white, or beef for brown, as the basis of the underlying flavor. Aromatic vegetables, and specifically mirepoix, play a key role. "white" mirepoix is utilized to make white stock, and a "basic" mirepoix helps in the production of brown stock. The flavor of both stocks is also boosted by such aromatic bundles as sachet dry and bouquet fresh. A distinguishing feature of the brown stock is the inclusion of tomato paste and tomato wedges, which make it a lot darker and contribute to the more complex, richer flavor. This process often begins with browning the bones and vegetables, and then the pan is deglazed to scrape up any flavorful bits that have caramelized, adding even more depth to the stock. Throughout the cooking process, it's often necessary to skim impurities that rise to the surface to maintain clarity and clean flavor. Water, by far, is the basic medium for the extraction of these flavors.

Other than stocks, I found roux to be the other essential thickening ingredient, categorized into white, blonde, and brown, all characterized by cooking time and ultimate color. I understand now that a basic roux is composed of equal parts of flour and butter, or rather a 50gm to 50gm ratio. The precise ratio is crucial in achieving the correct consistency and thickening capacity. The reason for employing a roux, or thickening agents in general, is usually to obtain a consistency termed "nappes," or that the sauce is thick enough to coat the back of a spoon and not run off. Identifying the properties of roux is essential to managing the texture and viscosity of sauces, soups, and gravies, and thereby making them available for extensive application in the kitchen. Tempering is also used commonly while incorporating thickened liquids or ingredients such as egg yolks into a hot sauce; tempering slowly equalizes the temperatures and avoids curdling. In conclusion, this detailed study has empowered me with important foundational skills in the area of developing complicated flavors from scratch based on stocks and the precise manipulation of dish texture by utilizing different kinds of roux, both of which are fundamental techniques in any kitchen environment.

# data[].attributes.body
In light of what I have discovered about sauces, I've had the valuable insight into their complex world, especially how they thicken and the underlying order that governs them. Getting the right thickness for any sauce, for example, depends a great deal on good thickening agents. Roux is one of the main methods, and now I understand that it comes in white, blond, and brown. A basic roux is made from an equal amount of butter and flour, usually 50 grams of both. Clarified butter can also be used. Besides roux, there are other important techniques of thickening, including slurries, which can be made with cornstarch or potato starch, and the addition of cream simply.

The main idea here is Mother Sauces, otherwise known as leading sauces. These are the foundation of classical cookery. There are five major Mother Sauces: Espagnole, a thick sauce made with brown stock and brown roux; Veloute, made with white stock and white roux; Hollandaise, made from clarified butter and egg yolk; Tomato sauce, based on tomato concasse; and Béchamel, a thick sauce made with milk, heavy cream, and white roux.

Starting from the base mother sauces, a good example of transforming secondary sauces is Espagnole. By adding certain herbs or spices to the mother sauce, you can prepare different variations like mushroom sauce, demi-glace, or Madeira sauce. This illustrates how one mother sauce can be transformed into a variety of specialty flavors.

# data[].attributes.body
Reflecting on the detailed process of preparing poultry, it's amazing how something so common can turn into a real treat with the right skills and a little bit of flair. It's not just about throwing something together; it's about showing off your kitchen skills.

The process often starts with the careful prep work of the protein, especially when it comes to key cutting methods. Take trussing a chicken, for example; it might seem like a simple task, but it's a really smart move. It's not just about making it look pretty; expertly tying the chicken into a neat, even shape helps it cook just right. This way, the breast stays nice and juicy, not overcooked, while the dark meat gets perfectly done. This practical step does make a big difference in getting that lovely golden-brown, evenly cooked chicken. And then there's the fancier technique of deboning. Like deboning a whole chicken leg, it's like seeing the chicken's insides in a whole new way. You end up with a handy, boneless piece that's great for all sorts of recipes. Even those more specific cuts, like the fancy chicken supreme with its bone still on, or the fun-looking chicken lollipop, show how careful cuts can make eating more enjoyable. Each technique is more like an art form, not just some random step.

# data[].attributes.body
My name is Ng Keat Yee, and my matric number is 304186.

This is my first experience in a kitchen as I don't have a culinary background, but I’ve always been deeply curious about food, for example, how ingredients come together, the art of cooking, and why certain flavors complement each other. Until now, I’ve viewed cooking as something only professionals could do, but I’ve decided to take the plunge and learn it myself.

Through this course, my primary goal is to understand the foundational skills and techniques needed to cook confidently. I aim to learn how to handle kitchen tools properly, how to follow cooking techniques accurately, and how to develop good habits from the start. Although it’s exciting, I also feel a little intimidated by the challenge, but I’m eager to learn and grow.

While I’m uncertain about the exact direction this path will take me, I hope it opens doors to new opportunities. Whether I end up working in a restaurant, running a small food business, or simply becoming an exceptional home cook, my goal is to create dishes that bring people together. The beauty of food is in its ability to connect us, and that’s what I hope to share with others.

# data[].attributes.body
After getting everything ready, it's time to focus on putting together the main event. The breaded chicken, boasting a crispy shell that hints at a delightful contrast with the juicy, flavorful meat inside, is a clear testament to how flavor and texture work together from the ground up. Alongside this, the pilaf rice is there to offer a comforting base. By taking the time to toast the grains before gently simmering them, you get a perfectly light and fragrant bed that's all set to soak up the dish's rich flavors.

Next up, the black pepper sauce plays the role of the connector, bringing everything together harmoniously. Its robust, aromatic character provides a pleasing contrast to the chicken, adding a richness that ties all the different parts together on your tongue. Don't forget the fresh veggies, like the neatly sliced batonnet carrots and the bright cauliflower florets, which bring a much-needed balance and a pop of color. Briefly sautéed, they offer a refreshing, crunchy counterpoint to the heartiness of the other stars of the show. To finish it all off, a sprinkle of fresh herbs is often used as a garnish. This simple addition does more than just look pretty; it also brings a subtle aroma that freshens the whole plate and shows that every little detail has been thoughtfully considered.

Finally, putting together a dish like this – think the meticulously made breaded chicken, the fragrant pilaf rice, the zesty black pepper sauce, and those refreshing crisp veggies which highlights how every deliberate ingredient and exact cooking method comes together to make a meal that's just plain delicious and fun to eat. It shows off the skill of blending all these different tastes and feels into one meal that's super satisfying.

# data[].attributes.body
As I started going through this, what immediately jumped out at me was how incredibly practical it is for someone who really wants to get good at cooking meat. It kicks off with that fantastic table on the "Doneness of meat," which, honestly, feels like a secret weapon. Having those exact temperatures and timings, plus the resting periods, for everything from rare to well done – that's just gold for making sure you nail a perfect steak every single time. It's the kind of detail that makes a huge difference.

Then, moving on to the "Beef marination," I loved seeing such a specific and detailed recipe. It's not just a vague idea; it gives you precise quantities for things like Worcestershire, oil, brown sugar, and garlic. That tells me this isn't about theory; it's about getting into the kitchen and actually making something delicious.

And finally, the "Plated main course" section really ties it all together beautifully. It’s not just about cooking the protein, but how to compose an entire dish which is a "Beef steak" with "Mashed potato," "French beans and Turned Carrot," and a complementary "black pepper/ rosemary" sauce, even thinking about garnishing. It’s pretty cool how it guides you from the very basic cooking technique all the way to presenting a complete, impressive meal. It makes me feel like I could actually pull off a really well-thought-out meat dish.

# data[].attributes.headline
WEEK 13: UNDERSTANDING FISH AND SHELLFISH

# data[].attributes.subject
WEEK 13: UNDERSTANDING FISH AND SHELLFISH

# data[].attributes.body
I was instantly impressed as I worked through the lesson; everything felt incredibly practical and down-to-earth. It was clearly created for actual cooking, not just for passive reading. The initial focus on filleting fish and deveining prawns really resonated as crucial skills. It drove home the point that while these techniques aren't overly complicated, they're absolutely essential for anyone serious about preparing seafood. The lesson emphasizes mastering these basic prep methods before even considering more elaborate dishes. Then, diving straight into Fish and Chips was a stroke of genius. Presenting a classic, familiar dish as the ideal way to apply those vital seafood preparation techniques was brilliant. What I particularly loved was how the lesson dissected the dish into its parts: the fish, complete with its marinade and the essential Standard Breading Procedure (SBP), which involves flour, egg wash, and breadcrumbs for that ideal crispiness; a refreshing coleslaw featuring finely shredded cabbage, julienned carrots, and onion; a homemade tartar sauce with diced boiled eggs, gherkins, onions, and mayonnaise; and, of course, perfectly crispy fries. It wasn't just about teaching a single recipe; it was about crafting a complete, well-thought-out meal, showcasing all the components working together beautifully.