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1795—1821

Born in London: John Keats was born in London, England, and became one of the most celebrated poets of the Romantic era.

Emotional Depth: His poetry often reflects his personal struggles with illness and loss, capturing deep emotions and the fleeting nature of beauty.

Apothecary Apprentice: Before pursuing poetry, Keats trained as an apothecary, but eventually chose to follow his passion for writing instead.

Self-Taught Poet: Had little formal education in poetry, instead teaching himself by reading the works of other poets and literary figures.

Influenced by Greek Mythology and Shakespeare: Keats frequently drew inspiration from Greek mythology to explore themes of beauty, art, and mortality. He was also deeply influenced by Shakespeare, particularly in his use of language and imagery.

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Tone: Mix of Melancholy, Longing, and Awe.

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Tone: Mix of Melancholy, Longing, and Awe.

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"Aches" – Shows the sorrow and emotional pain the speaker feels.

"Numbness" – Reflects a sense of emotional emptiness or heaviness.

"Drowsy" – Suggests weariness, both physical and emotional, adding to the melancholy.

"Immortal" – Expresses longing for the nightingale's timeless existence, which contrasts with human mortality.

"Death" – The speaker's awareness of life's impermanence, deepening the sorrowful tone.

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The speaker is likely John Keats, using a personal experience

Evidence:

Personal Emotion: Keats struggled with illness and loss, similar to the speaker's sadness in the poem.

Example: "My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains."

Desire for Escape: The speaker wishes to escape human struggles, much like Keats, who feared death.

Example: "No hungry generations swarm around thee."

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The theme of "Ode to a Nightingale" is the short life of human life and the lasting beauty of the nightingale’s song. explores ideas of mortality, escape, and the timeless power of beauty.

Evidence:

Mortality vs. Immortality:
"Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!"

The nightingale is eternal, unlike human life, which is brief.

Human Suffering:
"My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains"

The speaker feels deep sorrow, showing the pain of being human.

Longing for Escape:
"Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird! / No hungry generations swarm around thee."

The speaker wishes to escape human suffering and find peace in the bird’s eternal song.

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The mood in "Ode to a Nightingale" is one of sorrow, longing, and awe, as the speaker mourns the fleeting nature of human life, longs for the timelessness of the nightingale's beauty, and is amazed at the timelessness of the bird.

Example: "My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains" (sorrow),

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Sorrows Sorrows Prayers Queen Charlotte A Bridgerton Story GIF - Sorrows sorrows prayers Queen charlotte a bridgerton story Queen charlotte - Discover & Share GIFs

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Similes:

1. "Thou like a sad, immortal bird / Dost pour thy soul / In such an ecstasy!"

This is a direct simile comparing the nightingale to a sad, immortal bird, which lightens the idea of beauty and sadness existing together.

Metaphors:

1. "Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!"

The nightingale is metaphorically portrayed as "immortal," symbolizing the eternal and unchanging nature of its beauty, while contrasting it with the mortal nature of humans.

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The Nightingale symbolizes eternal beauty and freedom, contrasting with the fleeting nature of human life.

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Personification in “Ode to a Nightingale” enhances imagery, deepens emotional resonance, explores complex themes like mortality and beauty, and creates a dreamlike atmosphere, reflecting Romantic ideals.

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Keats uses imagery like "the darkling I listen" to create a vivid scene, making the reader feel the depth of the night.

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Keats Listening to a Nightingale on Homestead Heath

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The poem hints at Greek mythology, particularly Philadelphia, symbolizing the connection between beauty, suffering, and transformation.

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Alliteration: "My heart aches" repeats the "h" sound, giving the poem a soft, rhythmic feel.

Assonance: "O for a draught of vintage!" repeats the "a" sound, adding musicality to the line.

Consonance: "Tasting of Flora" repeats the "r" sound, giving the poem a flowing, harmonious rhythm.