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Work Cited: by last name alphabt order  and space between each

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Work Cited: by last name alphabt order  and space between each

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Savannah De La Torre

Professor Patton

English B1A

27 March 2025

THESIS:

Main Idea: .

Works Cited:

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How are immigrant children and their family's are impacted when coming to the United states.

New thesis: Immigrant families go through a lot while coming to the U.S, but it doesn’t end there because they still struggle with education, children being influenced by others, being the reason they came here in the first place.

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The Author Javier Zamora wrote Solito in 2022. Solito is a memoir about a nine year old who traveled to the United States to reunite with parents. The memoir is written from Zamoras perspective and in first person point of view. The memoir relates to my paper topic because in the book he descib3s alot of feeling that he felt in that time of being away from home and his family .

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Main Point #1  struggle with proper education

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Main Point #1  struggle with proper education

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Carmen R Valdez 1, Nancy Herrera 2, Kevin M Wagner 3, Ashley Ables 4

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Carmen R Valdez 1, Nancy Herrera 2, Kevin M Wagner 3, Ashley Ables 4

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Mexican Immigrant Parents’ Hopes for Their Children and Parenting Strategies in Different Immigration Climates

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8920944/#:~:text=Increasingly%20restrictive%20immigration%20policies%20and,Knudson%2DMartin%2C%202014).

Citation: Valdez, Carmen R. et al."Mexican immigrant parents' hopes for their children and parenting strategies in Different Immigration Climates." Family process vol.61,3 (2022 1324-1340. doi: 10.1111/famp.12724

Annotation: This source was published in 2022. The source is arguing that parents are being their children to the U.S. for a better life. The parents not being from here have not as many rights as their children who have to opportunity to make a better living is why the immigrant parents are persistent on their children getting a good education. they also are arguing that the U.S. might corrupt their children because they are not from here and they don't have to worry about being sent back to somewhere they don't know for making a bad choice because they are from the U.S. the thesis is that immigrants parents have hopes for their children and the way they want to parent them in other climates. This source will be a good argument to explain why it is important for immigrant parents to be able raise their children in a place where education is free. also that they are here for better lives not to come and do what the other children are doing such as smoking and criminal activity. This source is an scholarly article and this just allows me to know more background of why there is so many immigrants moving to the U.S. the other of this source is Carmen R. Valdez, Nancy Herrera, Kevin M. Wagner, and Ashely Ables they are part of the department of population health and they university of Texas at Austin.

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Mexican Immigrant Parents’ Hopes for Their Children and Parenting Strategies in Different Immigration Climates

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In the present article, we explore the hopes that immigrant parents of Mexican origin have for their children and the strategies they employ to foster such hopes in light of immigration status, immigration climate, and transnational lived…

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Main Point #2- children being influenced by other who have documentation

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Main Point #2- children being influenced by other who have documentation

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Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1414713/#:~:text=Individuals%20who%20migrate%20experience%20multiple,identity%20and%20concept%20of%20self

Citation-Bhugra, Dinesh, and Matthew A Becker. "Migration,Cultural bereavement and cultural identity." World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) vol.4,1 9(2005):18-24

Annotation: In this source it was published in 2005.

This source is arguing that immigrants face multiple challenges when coming to the U.S. not only trying to figure out how they are gonna live and make money to feed their selves and their kids bit they also have mental stability because when you have other stresses in your life it can impact their mental well being and that can also have an effect on the children. they are looked at different because they are coming from a different country where they do things different from the U.S. so they now have the worry that they are culturally different and that can also cause problems for them because they are trying to fit in and find a better life for their family. they also have to stress of leaving family behind when they are migrating. even the health care system is different because if they have no insurance or identification it is are to get seen anywhere for medical help or even dental they have to find a way to help their children get all this documents in order to go to school or the doctors. this source relates to my research paper because it is giving me and explanation on some the hardships immigrant families have to face and struggle with just to try to make a better life for their children who are born in the U.S. or have been here since they were babies because their parents came to the U.S. for a better future. this source is a scholarly article. The author is Dinesh Bhugra and Matthew A Becker and their credentials are the World Psychiatric Association.

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Abstract

Migration has contributed to the richness in diversity of cultures, ethnicities and races in developed countries. Individuals who migrate experience multiple stresses that can impact their mental well being, including the loss of cultural norms, religious customs, and social support systems, adjustment to a new culture and changes in identity and concept of self. Indeed, the rates of mental illness are increased in some migrant groups. Mental health practitioners need to be attuned to the unique stresses and cultural aspects that affect immigrants and refugees in order to best address the needs of this increasing and vulnerable population. This paper will review the concepts of migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity, and explore the interrelationship between these three aspects of the migrant's experience and cultural congruity. The complex interplay of the migration process, cultural bereavement, cultural identity, and cultural congruity, along with biological, psychological and social factors, is hypothesized as playing a major role in the increased rates of mental illness in affected migrant groups.

Keywords: Migration, cultural bereavement, cultural identity, cultural congruity, ethnic density

Mental health practitioners work in an increasingly multicultural world, shaped by the migrations of people of many different cultural, racial and ethnic backgrounds. People migrate for many reasons, including broadly political, socioeconomic and educational. The richness of this diversity of cultures, ethnicity, races and reasons for migration can make understanding experiences and diagnosis of illness challenging in people whose background and experience differ significantly from the clinician. Culture has an important role in the presentation of illness, and cultural differences impact upon the diagnosis and treatment of migrant populations in part due to linguistic, religious and social variation from the clinician providing care. Additionally, it appears that the incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders varies among people of different cultural backgrounds due to an interplay of biological, psychological and social factors.

The provision of healthcare is necessarily influenced by the demands of people of many different cultures, but relies on economic, social and political factors, and it is important that cultural differences be appreciated and understood to arrive at a correct diagnostic impression and treatment plan. The migration process itself can be stressful, depending upon the type and cause of migration, and can affect the mental health of migrating individuals and their families. Issues of cultural bereavement and identity occur with increased frequency among migrants and their families. This paper will review these concepts and how they impinge upon mental health and psychiatric care and, by so doing, help the clinician to identify and address these issues in a culturally sensitive way.

MIGRATION

The history of migration to Britain highlights some of the reasons why people migrate. Significant migration to Britain started in the nineteenth century. Irish immigration has been marked by periods of influx and efflux to and from Britain, as people have come to either settle permanently or work temporarily with ultimate return to Ireland as a goal. Eastern European Jews came at the latter part of the nineteenth century to escape both religious persecution and poverty, with additional numbers arriving in Britain both before and after World War II. In the 1960s, employers, especially in urban areas, recruited people from the West Indies to fill low paying jobs which were less attractive to the local population. People from the Indian subcontinent migrated to Britain for educational and economic reasons, the peak of which occurred about the same time as the West Indian migration. Asian people expelled by Idi Amin's government came from Uganda in the late 1970s. The 1980s saw a change in the immigration laws limiting the numbers of people allowed to relocate to Britain ( 4). Today, people from around the globe choose to migrate to the UK as well as other developed countries, both legally and illegally, for better educational and employment opportunities, to escape persecution, to relocate after catastrophic events, including terrorism, disasters and war, and/or to join relatives who migrated at an earlier time.

Migration can be classified in a number of ways; e.g., by the reasons for the migration, the social class and education of the migrating people, the duration of relocation and the geographic distribution of the resettlement. Further, a distinction can be made in the classification of migrants according to whether their contact with the 'majority' or 'dominant' culture is deemed voluntary. Migrants can be classified as immigrants and sojourners when the change in their location results in contact voluntarily, whereas refugees are deemed to change their location involuntarily ( 5). For example, immigrants choose to migrate, and thus be in increased and regular contact with the 'majority' culture in preparation for migration, for potential economic and/or educational advancement, whereas refugees are forced to migrate, and thus be in contact with the 'majority' population involuntarily, to escape persecution. Additionally, rural-urban migration has been associated with economic and educational reasons for relocation, whereas migration across nations has been associated with economic, educational, social and political reasons ( 6).

The process of migration has been described as occurring in broadly three stages. The first stage is pre-migration, involving the decision and preparation to move. The second stage, migration, is the physical relocation of individuals from one place to another. The third stage, postmigration, is defined as the "absorption of the immigrant within the social and cultural framework of the new society". Social and cultural rules and new roles may be learnt at this stage ( 4). The initial stage of migration may have comparatively lower rates of mental illness and health problems than the latter stages, due to the younger age at the initial stage of migration and the problems with acculturation and the potential discrepancy between attainment of goals and actual achievement in the latter stages ( 7). It is worth noting that the stages are often not discrete and merge into one another.

CULTURAL BEREAVEMENT

The DSM-IV notes that the "duration and expression of 'normal' bereavement vary considerably among different cultural groups". A major depressive episode is diagnosed, instead of bereavement, if symptoms of depression are present two or more months after the loss or the following symptoms are present: a) guilt about things other than actions taken or not taken by the survivor at the time of the death; b) thoughts of death other than the survivor feeling that he or she would be better off dead or should have died with the deceased person; c) morbid preoccupation with worthlessness; d) marked psychomotor retardation; e) prolonged and marked functional impairment; and f) hallucinatory experiences other than thinking that he or she hears the voice of, or transiently sees the image of, the deceased person. These symptoms are based on a Western construct for the diagnosis of abnormal grief and as such do not take into account different cultural expressions of grief. In many cultures, it is normal to be visited by spirits and ghosts, and people of non-Western culture may describe conversations with supernatural spirits. The importance of placing these expressions of grief in the appropriate cultural context is essential in differentiating between abnormal and normal reactions to loss. Inappropriate diagnoses of psychotic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mood disorders have been made in people of non-Western backgrounds when clinicians ignore cultural differences in the expression of grief. The misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate treatment will at best not address the issue for the affected person and, at worst, cause harm.

Bereavement has been associated with psychotic, anxiety and mood disorders; however, this association is complicated due to the misinterpretation of the cultural expressions of grief by Western trained clinicians and the Western diagnostic criteria of psychiatric disorders that may not be applicable in people of different cultural backgrounds. Undoubtedly, people who have migrated due to political upheaval or war may have witnessed or participated in combat and torture; thus, affected individuals may have PTSD and bereavement, as these diagnoses are not mutually exclusive. Culturally appropriate mani- festations and expressions of bereavement may include Western constructs of PTSD and psychosis, including hearing voices, seeing ghosts and feeling the presence of the dead; therefore, it is important to recognize the symptoms of bereavement within the cultural constructs of the affected individual and be open to the possibility of additional psychiatric disorders. Cultural bereavement is an important aspect in the understanding of the migrant's experience. Our hypothesis is that such an experience will be mediated through and influenced by cultural identity. The concepts of individual identity are likely to affect the understanding as well as working through the bereavement process.

CULTURAL IDENTITY

It is important to define basic sociologic terms of identity to understand cultural identity. Culture is learned and passed through generations and includes the beliefs and value system of a society. Culture has been described as features that are shared and bind people together into a community ( 17). Identity is the totality of one's perception of self, or how we as individuals view ourselves as unique from others. Bhugra ( 6, 7) notes that racial, cultural and ethnic identities form part of one's identity, and identity will change with development at a personal as well as at a social level along with migration and acculturation. Social identity can be thought of as the culturally defined personality characteristics, which are ascribed to social roles, such as the role of being a father, mother, friend, employer, employee, etc. Ethnicity is a source of social identity. Ethnic groups are composed of people who may or may not share the same race but do share common cultural characteristics, including history, beliefs, values, food and entertainment preferences, religion and language. Ethnicity typically incorporates both race and culture ( 17). Race is based on biologic constructs, such as sharing certain physical attributes; it may or not be also a social and political construct ( 17). For example, people from the West Indies, Africa and parts of North and South America may share the same race but have different beliefs, value systems, social norms and idioms of distress.

Psychosocial changes experienced by immigrants include assimilation, which can be viewed as a process by which cultural differences disappear as immigrant communities adapt to the majority or host culture and value system. An individual's cultural identity may be lost during the assimilation process as he or she moves within the host society. Acculturation, a process that may be voluntary or forced, requires contact between culturally divergent groups of people and results in the assimilation of cultural values, customs, beliefs and language by a minority group within a majority community ( 8). During the acculturation process, both the immigrant and host cultures may change. Changes in attitudes, family values, generational status and social affiliations can occur in both the majority and minority cultures as the two interact; however, typically one culture dominates ( 7).

Acculturation may help the culturally bereaved individual to gain a semblance of equilibrium. Migrants who experience the loss of their culture and guilt over leaving their homeland may find that, as the acculturation process proceeds, a sense of belonging in their new homeland occurs. The majority culture may seem less threatening and more inviting as the individual becomes more linguistically and socially fluent in this new culture. Social sup- port can ensue in the forms of friendships, employment opportunities, and medical care. Integration and assimilation can help reduce feelings of loss and grief as the migrant starts to incorporate aspects of the majority culture. In acculturation, the interaction of the migrant's culture with the majority culture of the new homeland is a dynamic and reciprocal process that can result in changes in the broader cultural group, enhancing the ability of people of the dominant culture to better appreciate and understand aspects of the immigrant's culture and recognize some of the needs of those who have migrated.

CULTURAL CONGRUITY

Ethnic density, the size of a particular ethnic group in proportion to the total population in a specified area, may be a factor that influences the rates of mental illness in ethnic minorities. Additionally, a sense of alienation may occur if the cultural and social characteristics of an individual differ from those of the surrounding population, whereas a sense of belonging tends to occur if the individual and surrounding population have similar cultural and social characteristics. Bhugra ( 6) writes of the importance of ethnic and cultural congruity, interaction patterns and cultural identity in the genesis and maintenance of mental distress in migrants. Cultural congruity may be thought of as the congruence or dissonance of an individual's culture, beliefs and expectations with the surrounding population. The surrounding population may be made up predominantly of people from the same or different cultural background compared to the migrant. An increase in ethnic density may improve the social support and the adjustment of some individuals who have migrated, yet increase distress in others, in particular if there exists a cultural conflict between the individual and his culture of origin ( 9). This may account for some of the conflicting results from studies of the relationship between ethnic density and the incidence of mental illness in ethnic minority groups. For example, an inverse correlation between the incidence of schizophrenia in non-white ethnic minorities in London and the proportion of those minorities in the local population was found; it was hypothesized that increased exposure to or a lack of protection from stress may increase the rate of schizophrenia in non-white ethnic minorities ( 19); however, a previous study failed to support the ethnic density hypothesis for the increased incidence of schizophrenia in immigrant groups to England ( 20).

In a review of multiple studies, Shah ( 17) found that common mental disorders were more prevalent in people of ethnic minority groups who lived in areas of low density of their own ethnic group. His findings showed that common mental disorders were at least as prevalent in ethnic minority groups as in the indigenous population and, in some ethnic minority groups, more prevalent. Depression may be more prevalent in the Caribbean and African populations compared to the majority population, with phobias more common in Asian groups. Risk factors for common mental disorders in ethnic minority groups include poverty, unemployment, migration before the age of 11, racism, a perceived lack of social support, social isolation, absence of a confidante and absence of parents in law ( 17). The incidence of schizophrenia was higher in an urban area of south-east London compared to rural areas in south-west Scotland, due to the larger proportion of non-white ethnic minority groups living in the urban area compared to the rural area ( 21), with an overall increase in the incidence of schizophrenia in south-east London between 1965 and 1997 ( 22).

It is important to consider the nature of the society an individual has migrated from and to, and the social characteristics of the individual who has migrated, in determining how well a person will adjust during the migration process. Socio-centric, or collectivistic, societies stress cohesiveness, strong ties between individuals, group solidarity, emotional inter-dependence, traditionalism and a collective identity. Egocentric, or individualistic, societies stress independence, loose ties between individuals, emotional independence, liberalism, self-sufficiency, individual initiative, and autonomy. Bhugra ( 6) has hypothesized that individuals who migrate from predominately sociocentric, or collectivistic, societies into a society that is predominately egocentric, or individualistic, are likely to have problems adjusting to the new culture, especially if the individuals are socio-centric in their own belief system. A consequent lack of an adequate social support system, a disparity between expectations and achievements and a low self-esteem may result from this dissonance in culture between the individual and the surrounding population. An increase in ethnic density may help decrease the distress of the individual in this situation, especially by providing a social support system. For example, a person who migrates to the United States, a predominately egocentric society, from Vietnam, a predominately socio-centric society, may feel isolated and alienated, especially if the individual is socio-centric in outlook. Feelings of isolation and alienation may be decreased, and social support improved, if other people from Vietnam, with socio-centric views, surround this person in the area of resettlement; however, the socio-centric individual may remain on the periphery of his/her new homeland's society since linguistic and social fluency of the dominant culture may not be attained. Cultural bereavement may also be minimized if the immigrant is able to maintain ties to the culture of origin, either through increased ethnic density, improved social support or maintenance of religious beliefs and practice. On the other hand, individuals who migrate from a predominately socio-centric culture into a society that is predominately egocentric in nature may experience little in the way of problems, and a relatively easy transition to the new culture, if the person who has migrated is mostly egocentric, or individualistic, in his/her outlook. In this case, an increase in ethnic density may be disadvantageous and exacerbate or cause cultural conflict and mental distress.

CONCLUSIONS

The proportion of ethnic minorities in the UK has been increasing at least in part due to the migration of individuals from all over the world. Migration is a complex process, involving a heterogeneity of causes, experiences, cultural adjustment and stages, that influence the mental health of migrants. The stresses of the migration process itself combined with a lack of social support, a discrepancy between achievement and expectations, economic hardships, racial discrimination and harassment, and a lack of access to proper housing, medical care, and religious practice can lead to poor self-esteem, an inability to adjust, and poor physical and mental health. Social and cultural factors have been implicated in the aetiology of mental illness in immigrants and refugees, and further study is needed to better understand the role of culture as pathogenic or patho-protective ( 7).

Cultural bereavement, a paramount aspect of the migrant's experience, is influenced by, and mediated through, the interplay of the migration process, cultural identity and cultural congruity, along with biological and psychological factors. To appropriately guide diagnosis and treatment interventions, mental health practitioners must appreciate and recognize the socio-cultural factors that influence the manifestation of grief in people who have migrated. Cultural identity and congruity will affect the ability of the affected person to understand and work through the grieving process, and disturbances of identity and congruity are likely to lead to a pathologic, or complicated, bereavement.

Rates of depression, phobias and schizophrenia are elevated in some migrant groups. The understanding of race, ethnicity, social isolation and a lack of social support, racism, unemployment and poverty, poor housing and a lack of access to appropriate medical care is important in explaining the increased rates of mental illness in ethnic minority groups. Additionally, cultural congruity and ethnic density, cultural identity, and biological and psychological factors are likely important influences in the development of mental illness in migrants. With further study, a better understanding of the complex interplay of these potential vulnerability factors may eventually lead to preventative measures and lessen the burden of mental illness in this growing population.

References

10. Eisenbruch M. The cultural bereavement interview: a new clinical research approach for refugees. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1990;13:715-735. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

19. Boydell J. Van Os J. McKenzie J, et al. Incidence of schizophrenia in ethnic minorities in London: ecological study into interaction with the environment. Br Med J. 2001;323:1336-1337. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7325.1336. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from World Psychiatry are provided here courtesy of The World Psychiatric Association

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Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity

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Migration has contributed to the richness in diversity of cultures, ethnicities and races in developed countries. Individuals who migrate experience multiple stresses that can impact their mental well being, including the loss of cultural norms, ...

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Main Point #3   the reason they came here, for their children to succeed

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Main Point #3   the reason they came here, for their children to succeed

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https://www.kff.org/report-section/understanding-the-u-s-immigrant-experience-the-2023-kff-la-times-survey-of-immigrants-findings/#:~:text=Most%20immigrants%20say%20they%20are,parents'%20was%20at%20their%20age

Citation: Schumacher,Shannon. al etc. "Understanding the U.S. Immigrant Experience:The 2023 KFF/LA Times survey Of Immigrants",(KFF,Sep 17,2023,https://www.kff.org/report-section/understanding-the-u-s-immigrant-experience-the-2023-kff-la-times-survey-of-immigrants-findings/#:~:text=Most%20immigrants%20say%20they%20are,parents'%20was%20at%20their%20age March20,2023

Annotation: This source was published in September 17, 2023. the source is arguing about how many immigrants are in the U.S. and if they were brought when they were babies or if they were born here when their parents migrated to the U.S. it also discuses the important role that immigrants are part of n the nations work force and culture. they also discuss the futures in the U.S. and their hopes for their children to do better and have a better education so that they can become something in life with out having the resources needed to them . it also says how they are working immigrants who have to face decriminalization every day at work and even in public because cause they are judged differently because they are not from here. I will use this source for my paper to back up my counter agument because this website allows me to see both side of an immigrants life and how they trying to make a better living whilst still facing struggles with being welcomed and accepted by others. This source is a survey from the LA Times and KFF website. It is a news article and the publishers are Shannon Schumacher, Liz Hamel, Samantha Artiga, Drishti Pillai, Ashely Kirzinger, Audrey Kearney, Marley Presiado, Ana Gonzalez- barrera and Mollyann Brodie.

Annotation:

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KFF is the independent source for health policy research, polling, and journalism. Our mission is to serve as a nonpartisan source of information for policymakers, the media, the health policy community, and the public.

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talk about it add source to padlet

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https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/immigrant-stories/#:~:text=Many%20immigrants%20have%20lived%20here,and%20separation%20from%20their%20families

Citation: Bozz Media, "Immigrant Defense project,"2010-2025. https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/immigrant-stories/#:~:text=Many%20immigrants%20have%20lived%20here,and%20separation%20from%20their%20families

Annotation:This website was published in 2010 and is still up til this day and year of 2025. This source is arguing for the rights of immigrants who are being wrongfully discriminated against because they come from another country. Their thesis is to target immigrants who are being imprisoned and deported for their race in the U.S.

this site allows you to get in contact with them if you have any questions about the services they can offer immigrants to fight for their rights. This website allows others who are struggling in the U.S. with law enforcement and need legal advice on how to go about the situations that immigrants are in just for migrating to another country to find a better life. The websites goal is o help those in the community who are dealing with ICE and as immigrants they have right to and will be able to learn them by reaching out to the website and getting the information or legal help that is needed.They have won many cases regarding immigrants being torn apart by ICE and they have been able to help the family fight and follow the laws. this source will be used in my paper to show that immigrants have problems when coming to the U.S. and that there are people willing to help them out. also I can use this source as one of my points on how immigrants have to go through so much just to try to live a normal life. this relates to other sources because it talks about what they have to got through to try to have some rights in the U.S. the publisher is the Bozz Media and their credentials are Immigrant Defense Project.

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Immigrant Stories - Immigrant Defense Project

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Immigrant Stories detaisl the experiences of a number of immigrant families at the sharp end of harsh, unfair immigration and criminal justice laws

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MLA ,Works Cited:

Bhugra, Dinesh, and Matthew A Becker. "Migration,Cultural bereavement and cultural identity." World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) vol.4,1 9(2005):18-24

Bozz Media, "Immigrant Defense Project,"2010, revised 2025. https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/immigrant-stories/#:~:text=Many immigrants have lived here,and separation from their families

Schumacher,Shannon, et al. "Understanding the U.S. Immigrant Experience:The 2023 KFF/LA Times survey Of Immigrants." KFF,Sep 17, 2023. https://www.kff.org/report-section/understanding-the-u-s-immigrant-experience-the-2023-kff-la-times-survey-of-immigrants-findings/#:~:text=Most immigrants say they are,parents' was at their age March20,2023

Valdez, Carmen R. et al."Mexican immigrant parents' hopes for their children and parenting strategies in Different Immigration Climates." Family process vol.61,3 (2022 1324-1340. doi: 10.1111/famp.12724

Zamora,Javier. Solito. Penguin Random House LLC, 2022.

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Counterargument: People with Addictive Personalities Are Usually the Ones Affected

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Counterargument: People with Addictive Personalities Are Usually the Ones Affected

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Franklin notes that people who have addictive personalities already will more easily fall into social media addiction (26).

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Counterargument: Parents Are the Real Problem

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Counterargument: Parents Are the Real Problem

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Franklin argues that social media isn't going away any time soon, so parents are responsible for helping their children set time limits and learn self-control (25). He also found that children with overly restrictive parents are more likely to find ways to "sneak" time on social media.

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Brown, Thomas, and Jack Thompson. "Article Title I'm Creating." Journal of Pretend Research, vol. 2, no. 8, 2019, pp. 45-48. doi:10.1019/64657/sd5

Capernaum, Christopher. "Behind Closed Doors: What Parents Don't See." American Journal of Psychiatric Problems, vol. 231, no. 4, 2019, pp. 65-77. doi:10.002197190/3940

Franklin, Thomas. "Get in Your Kid's Phone: Parents' Responsibility for Social Media Use." Journal of Better Parenting, vol. 7, no. 3, 2021, pp. 24-30. doi:10.1054709/0937

Jackson, Edgar, Miguel Borges, and Richard Frost. "Fake Article on Social Media Use." American Kidding Journal, vol. 53, no. 6, 2020, pp. 239-250. doi:10.1915897/9879

Joaquin, Isabella, and Miguel Burges. "You Can Influence Too: Attitudes and Perceptions of Teens in the UK." Journal of Social Anxiety, vol. 56, no. 2, 2020, pp. 111-123. doi:10.103800/0930v0-0c

Marquez, Gabrielle, et al. "Another Article on the List." Journal of International Social Media, vol. 342, no. 9, Mar. 2018, pp. 56-77. doi:10.1012/09347s9d7g0

Tippan, Michael, Jeremiah Jones, and Rashaad Al-Aman. "Strategies for Advertising." Counseling Quarterly, vol. 53, no. 1, 2019, pp. 45-55. doi:10.10083972/wses07

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Research paper outline

Thesis: While the United States has made strides with immigrants in educational achievements and life improvements over the last decade, college level education is still a tremendous and unequal obstacle for former DACA recipients now that the program has come to a close. In addition to the uncertainty that their education would be able to continue. the reality of socioeconomics barriers affects them with the cost of housing, cost of education, safe environments, and overwhelming course work that comes with higher education.

MAIN IDEA: my research essay is to explore the connection between DACA recipients and the idea of higher education contributing to a better life alongside dealing with social and economic problems that plague immigrant communities and families in the United States. Firstly the question would be how would this effect the medical profession, with more people interested in the medical field there would be more diversity and inclusion for people who are ill and want to be treated. Those people who could be treating them at one point in time were undocumented citizens who under DACA there children would have the freedom and ability to pursue this choice of profession yet with current government legislation the possibility of deportation becomes more apparent

A: even so with current officials unable to come to a consensus on the state of the program the fear of being displaced from somewhere you have worked and lived can be heart breaking and extremely difficult to manage.

B. The life quality of immigrants can vary from family to family such things as duration of time spent in the U.S plays a major factor in they type of assistance they would ask of the government this article goes over the different needs of families who ask the government for assistance for example those who were here for a shorter duration asked for immediate help with food and clothing as opposed to those who stayed for years asked for assistance in things like housing and transportation.

C. As part of government assistance for immigrants some people believe that technology should also be available for them such as computers since majority of information can be found online this could not only help educate them but also be used as a way to communicate and make connections with communities that they are apart of as well as a way to get a better understanding of America life through social interactions both online and in person.

D.  the public health care available to DACA recipients which gives details on what medications they can afford and what is and isn’t covered under the public health insurance programs.

E. Information on different kinds of immigrants can also help identify what type of aid or life support this person would need such as the difference between an asylum seeker and a person born in the U.S by immigrant parents.

F. Looking and comparing the difference between generational immigrate in families as they navigate both life and educational opportunities as DACA recipients.

COUNTERARGUMENT:

A compelling counter argument would be along the issue of resources as well as decision on who gets them such as government assistance why should the government provide and protect for immigrants if it can’t do so for its own American citizens who could benefit from that assistance as well.

Alongside the medical cost of hospital visits and illnesses that require large sums of money wouldn’t those benefits be better suited to the American people who can get better and return to the work.

WORK CITED:

1.     Iwai, Yoshiko, et al. “Supporting DACA Recipients and International Students Pursuing Careers in Medicine: A Pilot Program for Advisors.” PLoS ONE, vol. 17, no. 2, Feb. 2023, pp. 1–13. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.bakersfieldcollege.idm.oclc.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281540.

2.     Duh-Leong, Carol, et al. “Duration of US Residence And Resource Needs In Immigrant Families With Young Children.” Journal of Child & Family Studies, vol. 31, no. 1, Jan. 2022, pp. 211–19. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.bakersfieldcollege.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02182-0.

3.     Park, Jin K et al. “DACA, public health, and immigrant restrictions on healthcare in the United States.” Lancet regional health. Americas vol. 21 100493. 17 Apr. 2023, doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100493

4.     McDonald, Sashane. “What Are the Differences Between Immigration Statuses? Refugee, Asylee, TPS, Parolee, DACA, and Nonimmigrant Status.” GPSolo, vol. 41, no. 4, July 2024, pp. 23–26. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=179113312&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

5.  Gillezeau, Christina et al. “Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) medical students - an examination of their journey and experiences as medical students in limbo.” BMC medical education vol. 21,1 358. 28 Jun. 2021, doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02787-5

6.  El-Banna, Ghida et al. “The Intergenerational Health Effects of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program on Families With Mixed Immigration Status.” Academic pediatrics vol. 22,5 (2022): 729-735. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.07.016

7.  Torres, Jacqueline M et al. “The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and birth outcomes in California: a quasi-experimental study.” BMC public health vol. 22,1 1449. 29 Jul. 2022, doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13846-x