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1. Skills-based curriculum emphasizes helping students become more competent in real-world situations. The main goal is to provide students with practical skills that they can use in their academic, professional, or everyday lives, such as the ability to communicate effectively, solve problems. Learners are encouraged to be actively involved through interactive, experiential learning activities. The curriculum focuses on the processes, and techniques needed to acquire these skills.

2. the characteristics of a skill-based syllabus is that oriented towards language skills, wich means emphasizing the development of skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In addition, a skill-based syllabus also focuses on real performance in language, so there are many learning activities designed to train skills such as group discussions, listening to podcasts, writing essays and so on. The materials used are usually authentic and functional, so that students can practice and get used to the real language. The assessment in this syllabus assesses students' success according to their performance in using language in certain situations.

3. Skills-based syllabus is commonly used in the context of vocational education, vocational training and language learning, with the main focus on developing practical skills so that they can be directly applied in the world of work or everyday life including learning to listen, speak, write and read. They are developed to provide students with specific skills such as technical, communication, customer service or language skills, so the material is relevant to practice, exercises and demonstrations rather than theory, and is often tailored to the needs of a particular industry or profession.

4. Possible target audience for a skills-based syllabus is generally middle school students, as their ages range from 12-18 years old. This age is the ideal age to learn basic English in a real context. Which is also a provision for students to continue to higher education.

Secondly, this type of syllabus is also suitable for university students. This is because at college they will need the ability to write essays, presentations, notes, and others. It can also be for those who need certain skills used in their professional field such as machinists, doctors, nurses and tour guides who write medical reports or talk to tourists.

And the last, people with special purposes. These are those who learn English for educational or work purposes. Usually they attend a language course somewhere with the necessary skills such as daily conversation, communication via email or telephone and business purposes.

5. A situational syllabus organizes language learning around situations that learners are likely to encounter in real life. This could include scenarios such as “at the airport”, “in a restaurant”, or “visiting the doctor”. In this type of syllabus, the focus is on practical, real-world contexts rather than abstract grammar or vocabulary lists. It is one of several types of syllabus used to organize course material, along with others such as functional, grammar, topic, or skill-based syllabi.

Modern textbooks often use a multi-component syllabus, which combines situational elements with:

- Functions (e.g., apologize, ask)

- Topic (e.g., family, work)

- Grammar

- Skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking)

- Text type (e.g., dialog, narrative)

How the Situational Syllabus Fits:

- Situations provide realistic settings for practicing the target language, which supports communicative goals.

- The syllabus is aligned with the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach, which emphasizes language use in real-life contexts.

- Often seen in units that integrate vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation in practical themes.

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This syllabus combines language learning with academic or real-world content materials, such as science, history, or social issues. The main focus is on understanding the content, while the language is learned indirectly through exploration of the topic. This approach offers several advantages, such as more meaningful learning and high student motivation, but also has challenges, such as the need for competent teachers and the availability of adequate materials.

Topic/content-based syllabus is an innovative approach that offers contextual and engaging language learning. By integrating language and real-world materials, students not only master linguistic skills but also general knowledge. However, the success of this approach is highly dependent on teacher readiness, material availability, and institutional support. Therefore, teacher training and the development of adequate learning resources are key to implementing this syllabus effectively. If these challenges can be overcome, this approach has the potential to significantly improve the quality of language learning.

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Kelompok:                                                -Nabiha Rafif Ghanim 20230810026                                         -Naufal Khafidza Hernandianzyah 20230810020

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Kelompok:                                                -Nabiha Rafif Ghanim 20230810026                                         -Naufal Khafidza Hernandianzyah 20230810020

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Functional syllabus contain from many functional words and topic which goal is to focus on how to elaborate or express the functional part of a word from certain point in a syllabus rather than situational/place oriented version which rely heavily on situation word use. Functional syllabus is based on communicative and interpersonal uses to which language is put, furthermore there is a highlight of what people should do through language as a contrast of formalstructural type syllabus.

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This syllabus has a possible type of learner from school student as an introduction of English as foreign language and how to start/having a proper conversation according to the topic and the goals of the conversation, for example: how to give an opinion politely, how to ask for a help, other. The format of this syllabus started with the main topic such as "giving attention" then followed with the main activity for example "giving announcement to public". At this part, the syllabus usually splitted to many parts which support the main topic such as (voccabulary,grammar,goals and the test components/activities)