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Is a theoretical model describing the capability of the 21st century teacher. This framework has significantly influenced practices in teaching as a result of research.

Stands for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge.

It emphasizes the importance of combining these areas to create engaging and effective teaching strategies

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1. Technological Knowledge

Understanding and proficiency in using various technologies, tools, and resources for teaching and learning.

2. Pedagogical Knowledge

It is the "how." Refers to knowledge of best practices in teaching and learning.

3. Content Knowledge

It is the "what." Understanding the subject matter being taught, including concepts, theories, and evidence.

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1. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)

This is the intersection of CK and PK, representing the teacher's understanding of how to teach specific content effectively, considering student learning needs and appropriate teaching strategies.

2. Technological Content Knowledge (TCK)

This is the intersection of CK and TK, representing the teacher's understanding of how technology.

3. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK)

This is the intersection of PK and TK, representing the teacher's understanding of how technology can be used to enhance teaching and learning processes, including classroom management, assessment, and student engagement.

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The SAMR model is a framework for integrating technology into teaching and learning, designed by Dr. Ruben Puentedura. SAMR stands for Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition, and it outlines four levels of technology use in the classroom, from basic to transformative.

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1. Substitution

Technology acts as a direct substitute for traditional tools, with no functional change.

2. Augmentation

Technology still replaces traditional tools, but with some functional improvements.

3. Modification

Technology allows for significant redesign of tasks.

4. Redefinition

Technology enables the creation of entirely new tasks that were previously inconceivable.

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Bloom's Digital Taxonomy helps design activities and assessments that challenge students to move from the most basic skill (Memorizing) to higher-order thinking skills (Research)

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Original Bloom's Taxonomy (1956)

A hierarchical classification system that outlines six levels of cognitive processes involved in learning.

Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (2001)

In the revised version, the categories were slightly altered in terms of both terminology and structure.

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Is a known educationist who provided the cognitive taxonomy which has greatly been used in education.

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Lorin Anderson

a Carolina Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of South Carolina, is known for his contributions to Bloom's Taxonomy, impacting educational practices with a revised model emphasizing higher-order thinking skills.

David Kwarthwohl

was an American educational psychologist. He developed the affective domain taxonomy, based on internalization, which guides behavior through five stages: receiving, responding, valuing, organization, and characterization.

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tpack as framework for technology-driven teaching and learning