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Allegory: An allegory is a story that uses symbols to tell a deeper meaning that is not directly explained in the actual plot.

Democracy: Democracy is a government made by the people.

Dictator: A Dictator is a ruler with full power over a country.

Propaganda: Propaganda is the spreading of ideas, information, or rumors for helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person.

Totalitarianism: Totalitarianism is a government system where all the power is concentrated in one authority that the dictator leads, and everyone has to obey the state.

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Stalin:

Stalin was born on December 18, 1878, and passed away on March 5, 1953.

Stalin believed in a powerful government that controls the economy to allow it to grow.

Stalin was famous for his role as a leader in the Soviet Union.

Stalin died because of a stroke that had happened to him

Lenin:

Lenin was born on April 22, 1870, and passed away on January 21, 1924.

Lenin believed in creating a socialist government where the working class held the power.

Lenin was famous for leading the October Revolution in 1917, overthrowing the Provisional Government in Russia, and establishing the world's first social estate.

Lenin died because of a series of strokes he had.

Trotsky:

Trotsky was born on November 7, 1879, and passed away on August 21, 1940.

Trotsky believed in spreading ideas globally and he disagreed with Stalin's approach of more political freedom and workers democracy which led to his assassination.

Trotsky was famous for his role in the Russian Revolution, leading the Red Army during the Civil War, and his later conflicts with Joseph Stalin.

Trotsky was attacked by a Spanish communist and Soviet agent with an ice axe.

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farmer

drunk

used to be a capable farmer but lost money in a lawsuit

cruel and neglectful

believes he was wronged by being kicked out

Quote: "Mr. Jones, of the Manor Farm, had locked the hen-houses for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes."(Chapter 1)

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White Boar

had a dream

well-respected

old

wise

persuasive

died in his sleep in chapter 2

Quote: "Man is the only creature that consumes without producing." (Chapter 1)

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3 dogs

smart

memorized song quickly

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cart−horse

strong

dumb

great students of pigs

influential

loyal

hard-working

admired

thought he killed someone from foxwood

remorseful

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white goat

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donkey

worst-tempered

rarely talks

cynical

never laughs

friends with boxer

unchanged by revolution

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horse

motherly->gave warmth to ducklings

great students of pigs

influential

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mare

foolish

wants to draw attention to herself

asks stupid question

weak character

doesn't want to work

deserts the animal farm and joined one of Mr. Pilkington's men

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inattentive

lazy

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raven

Mr. Jones's pet

spy

clever talker

did not work

made up stories

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Animals had a meeting.

Old Major tells them that Man is the problem. They are miserable because of humans. He tells them about a dream where humans disappeared. He warns them to stick up for each other and not become like humans. He teaches them a song called Beasts of England before Mr. Jones wakes up and fires at the barn, causing the animals to flee.

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pig

smart

inventive

not as deep in character as Napoleon

good at writing

leader

brave

Quote: "Snowball was more vivacious. He was quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character." (Chapter 2)

smart/well-read

logical and persuasive

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pig

smart

intimidating

not a talker

persuasive (gets his way)

leader

Quote: "Napoleon was a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way." (Chapter 2)

jealous of Snowball

short-sighted

is not against intimidating others

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Snowball and Napoleon create a creed called animalism, and they try to teach the other animals about it.

Mr. Jones was neglecting the farm, so the animals broke in to eat. He tried to hurt them, but they fought back and kicked him out. They took over the farm, wrote animal farm on the gate and 7 commandments. Napoleon claims he will take care of the milk, but it disappears.

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The farm is restructured. The animals begin harvesting and getting used to doing things without humans. In the beginning, there is no favoritism. Snowball begins committees to empower animals and teach them to write and read. Many animals memorize the 7 commandments. For those who couldn't, he shortened it to "four legs good, two legs bad." Napoleon on the other hand isolated some puppies to train and manipulate them from a young age. At the end, the pigs convince everyone that they should get the milk and apples so they can stay strong and healthy.

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owner of Pinchfield farm

tough

shrewd

involved in lawsuits

drives hard bargains

dislikes Mr. Pilkington

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Mr. Jones complained to people about what happened. Animals all around England were hearing about the rebellion. The men decided to go retake animal farm, but Snowball was ready. He tricked the humans, and Boxer thought he killed someone. When the humans saw someone die, they panicked and ran off. It was called the Battle of cowshed. Mr. Jones' gun was found, and it was decided that it would be fired twice, at the anniversary of the rebellion and the battle. Snowball and boxer were given medals.

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Marxism and Leninism both share the same idea of having an equal society.However, they also have different opinions.

Marxism believes that eventually there shouldn't be a government and everyone should have everything.

Leninism was created by Lenin and adds the idea that a small group should lead the way in the revolution. Also, the government plays a big role in making things fair until there's no need for it.

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The Russian Revolution started in 1917

Massive stampede that killed almost 1300 people earning the nickname Bloody Nicholas

Industrial revolution

Thousands of peasants flocked to the cities to work in factories

the country was on the edge of collapse after the war

The upper classes were called the bourgeoisie

There were conflicts between the Bolsheviks and the white army

Factories that failed to meet the quotes were criticized

Leon Trotsky was exiled and eventually assassinated in 1940

Trotsky was a key figure in the Russian revolution

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owner of Foxwood farm

easygoing

gentleman

farm bad condition

frightened by the animal rebellion

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porker

brilliant talker

persuasive "could turn black into white"

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Wife

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Napoleon and Snowball, two pig leaders, start disagreeing more. Snowball is smart and wants to make the farm better by building a windmill to make work easier. He talks well and convinces others of his ideas. Napoleon, on the other hand, is sneaky and gains support by being friendly with certain animals. When Snowball suggests the windmill idea, Napoleon secretly plans to stop him because he's jealous of Snowball's popularity. During a vote about the windmill, Napoleon's dogs attack Snowball, who runs away. Napoleon then takes control and says Snowball was a traitor. This shows how Napoleon wanted power more than he wanted what was best for the farm.

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Under Napoleon's rule, the animals work hard on the windmill, even though it's tough. Eventually, they need material they can't produce. To fix this, Napoleon decides to trade with humans, which goes against their rules. Squealer, with his tricky words, convinces them it's okay. Later, they find out the pigs are sleeping in beds, which is also against the rules. But Squealer says it's fine because they're just sleeping on beds without sheets. This shows how the pigs are taking advantage of their power and tricking the other animals. Then a big storm wrecks the windmill, and Napoleon blames Snowball and orders him to be killed.

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The animals decide to rebuild the windmill, which is hard work. Humans say it broke because it was poorly built, but Napoleon blames Snowball instead of admitting his mistake. They don't have enough food, but Napoleon tricks the humans so they don't find out. To fix the food shortage, Napoleon sells eggs to humans, breaking their rules. The hens rebel, so Napoleon stops their food and some hens die. The pigs keep lying about Snowball, saying he was always a traitor. They even claim Napoleon was the real hero in the Battle of Cowshed. The animals start to believe these lies, even though they remember Snowball got a medal. Later, Napoleon surprises the animals with a public execution. Some confess to fake crimes and get killed by dogs. The rest of the animals are scared and stop thinking about rebelling. They realize the rebellion didn't turn out how they wanted. They try to sing their old song, but Squealer says they can't because they don't need to rebel anymore.