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1897: Admiral von Tirpitz appointed as Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office

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1897: Admiral von Tirpitz appointed as Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office

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Kaiser Wilhelm II appointed Alfred von Tirpitz as Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office. Tirpitz became the architect of German naval expansion, developing what became known as the 'Risk Theory' - the idea that Germany needed a fleet strong enough to threaten Britain's naval supremacy.

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The First German Naval Law was passed, authorizing the construction of a fleet of 19 battleships, 8 coastal armored ships, and various smaller vessels. This marked the beginning of Germany's systematic naval expansion program.

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The Second German Naval Law doubled the size of the planned fleet to 38 battleships and 20 large cruisers. This aggressive expansion alarmed Britain, which saw it as a direct challenge to its naval supremacy.

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1904: Britain launches HMS Dreadnought construction

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1904: Britain launches HMS Dreadnought construction

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First Lord of the Admiralty Fisher initiated the design of HMS Dreadnought, a revolutionary battleship that would make all existing battleships obsolete. This marked the beginning of the 'Dreadnought Race'.

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The launch of HMS Dreadnought revolutionized naval warfare. With its steam turbine engines and all-big-gun armament, it rendered all existing battleships obsolete overnight. This forced Germany to revise its naval construction programs.

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Germany passed a naval amendment reducing the service life of battleships from 25 to 20 years, effectively accelerating the pace of new ship construction. This intensified the naval arms race with Britain.

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Public fear in Britain about German naval expansion led to the 'We want eight and we won't wait' campaign, demanding the construction of eight dreadnoughts. The Liberal government eventually agreed to build eight dreadnoughts.

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The Agadir Crisis heightened tensions between Britain and Germany. Britain's First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, saw this as confirmation of German naval threats and advocated for further naval expansion.

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1912: Winston Churchill becomes First Lord of the Admiralty

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1912: Winston Churchill becomes First Lord of the Admiralty

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Churchill implemented a 60% superiority standard over the German navy in dreadnought construction. He also began converting British ships from coal to oil power, making them faster and more efficient.

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By the outbreak of WWI, Britain had 29 dreadnoughts and battle cruisers compared to Germany's 17. Despite Germany's massive naval build-up, it had failed to seriously challenge British naval supremacy, but the arms race had contributed significantly to the pre-war tensions.