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During the 1800s only the wealthy were able to have aces to cruises, This because at this point they were not common and there was not alot of competion so they were priced at very expensive rates, so they were seen as a very luxury form or travel that only the wealthy could afford. Although in the late 1800s is when transatlantic immigration become alot more common wich meant there was a increase in passenger ships. Wich meant modern cruising was starting to gain more attraction.

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During this time is when steamships where beggining to be introduced, they did this by slowly begging to replace standard sailing ships for steamships, this was a great alternitive to sailing ships as they were alot more efficent, were able to travel to greater distanced and alot more faster in comparison to sailing ships.

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At this point of time the cruise industry still remaind the same in the sense that it is a very luxery transport type and was still only possible for the wealthy to afford to travel by cruises. This did mean that there was limited market as only a niche group of people could afford it. And as cruises were still a new thing the price to trvel n them was high wich meant it was hard for them to reach an overall market.

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https://www.cruisecritic.co.uk/articles/po-cruises-history-from-the-1800s-to-the-present-day

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During the 1910s-1950s there was a significant incident wich led to there being social changes, and that was the titanic wich was tragic but despite this disaster hapening it did lead to there being stricter maritime saftey measures wich meant that people felt more safe when travelling on a cruise as there were stricter saftey regulation put in place to try avoid something going wrong, an example of this would be after this had happen every cruise had to have the right amount of life jackets for each person on that cruise where as before the titanic that wasnt a rule. Not only that but by this point getting on a cruise was seen as fashionable and a way to be able to show off your wealth. Although during this time was when world war 11 was happening wich meant cruise ships were prioristed for the war and were mainly used to support military operations. Not only that but there was also a econic change that took place during this time and that was the Great depression this meant that poverty was at an all time high wich meant people didnt have enough money to spend on leuisure wich meant buisness like cruises were at risk of failiure as many people couldnt afford to travel by cruises anymore, this also had an effect on people being unemployed and employeers couldnt afford to keep people working on cruises wich also couldve also led to buisness failure.

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In the early 20th century there was many technoligical advances the first one begging in 1900s-1910s where the development of ocean liners was introduced an example of this is the titanic. There main priority at the time was appeal to the upper class so thats why they had made these ocean liners so they could use them and aim them specifically to the upper class as they provide a luxury expereince. They do this by providing fine dining and all inclsuive offers. But going into the time period of 1950s to 1960s is when they made the shift from coal to disel powerd ships. This menat they could get to destinations more quicly and they could travle to further detinations.

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In the early 20th century but specifically in 1920s-1930s is when we saw a rise of middle class travel and this was due to econmic prosperity, this meant that more middle class people had more money for leisure, this meant that the cruise industry was starting to see a wider range of customer type on their cruise. Around this time was when people began to realise they enjoyed the cruise itself as an activty rather than just being focused on the destinayion so when approcahing the time period on 1950s is when more familys would go on cruises not only ecause thye could begin to afford them but because it was seen as a acitivity especically when started to introduce childrens entertainment on the cruise.

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https://www.theiceway.com/blog/the-evolution-of-cruises-part-one#:~:text=%F0%9F%98%AE-,Technology,Conclusion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_ship

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_ship

https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/cruise-ship-style-through-decades

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In the 1960s is when cruises were began to be seen as a holiday rather than sea travel this meant that existing companies began to make there cruise/transport more modern and holiday like. Many big names in cruises were founded in the 1960s this is when we saw companys like royal carribean and princess cruises emerge. This menat that there were more detinations and trips offered rathere than just translantic routes.

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In the 1960s- 1980s is when we began to see adavancments of passenger comforts one of main things being stabelsiers being installed and the point of this was too reduce motion sickness so the passengers can enjoy there time to the best of their ability. Not only that but we saw airconditioning become standard on cruise ships this was to reduce passengers being uncomftoable specifccsly in warmer climates. Not only that but in this time period is when private bathrooms were being introduced so passengers could chose weather they wanted to have a shared bathroom or private yet agin for the customers comfort.

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in 1960s - 19080s is when we saw the rise of modern cruising this meant that they were attracting a wider range of passenengers. Also more people were intruged of the modern cruising due to it being advertsied on TV&Media. Thismeant that more people were opened up the idea of cruise ships wich led to more people to have aspirtations to travel on a Holiday cruise.

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https://cruiseshipjobs.com/career-advice/1958-1989/

https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/cruise-ship-style-through-decades

https://blog.cruise1st.co.uk/cruise-holidays-decades/

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The Queen celebrated her Platinum Jubilee over the weekend. We thought we would take a look at how the cruise industry has developed and grown in the last 70 years and appreciate how it's become the holiday choice we know and love today.

The 1950s

Cruising in the post-war era began to boom as the economy began to settle. In 1950, Cunard held an all-American star cruise with the likes of Frank Sinatra, Rita Hayworth, Judy Garland and Walt Disney onboard to entertain passengers. As air travel was yet to become mainstream, it was still about ocean liners needing to be fast, rather than being luxurious, though some offered both.

In the 1950s, Cunard's Queen Mary held the Blue Riband at the turn of the decade, which was an accolade to celebrate the fastest ship at sea. In 1952, the SS United States claimed this award with an Atlantic crossing of 3 days, 10 hours and 40 minutes. P&O ships were used to transport Brits seeking a new life in Australia for the sum of £10 - giving them the nickname in Australia 'Ten Pound Poms'

The 1960s

The 60s came and saw the aviation industry kick-off and the ocean liner industry struggled with this fast mode of transport. Sea travel wasn't needed anymore - so existing companies needed to make the journey the holiday, rather than the transportation. Modern cruising began to blossom and many of the big names in cruise were founded in the 1960s, including Royal Caribbean, Princess Cruises and Norwegian Cruise Line. The 60s also saw the emergence of the growing middle class and many ships ditched the three-tier class system which had dominated on board up until then.

The 1970s

More cruise lines began to pop up, like MSC in 1970 and Carnival in 1972. The TV programme Love Boat, which was set on the Princess ship, Pacific Princess, ran from 1977 to 1990 and helped accelerate the popularity of taking a cruise holiday to the mass market.

The 1980s

By the 1980s, Ocean Liner services aimed at passengers quietly disappeared, apart from Cunard, who carried on flying the flag for this iconic mode of transport. The 80s also saw the ship become the destination and what was on board for guests became as important to the destinations they sailed to. The era of the mega-ship blossomed.

The 1990s

Celebrity Cruises were formed in 1990, coming on to the scene with their first ship, Meridian and a second followed the same year, Horizon. The 90s was when Royal Caribbean decided to add 'of the Seas' to all their ship names - the first being Monarch of the Seas and when she was launched she was one of the largest ships in the world, carrying 2,744 passengers. Disney Cruise Line also began operating in the 90s.

The 00s and Beyond...

Cruising has exploded in the last twenty years, with more people choosing to take a cruise holiday. The ships are getting bigger and the hardware more innovative than ever before. Surf simulators, escape rooms, Broadway theatre-style shows, high ropes courses, you name it, there is probably a ship you can find it on. The dining offers more choices than you can often do in one sailing, with celebrity chefs partnering with cruise lines to offer their signature restaurants onboard. We are an industry that is still expanding and constantly innovating too, so who knows what cruisers in the next 70 years will be able to experience?

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A Look Back at the Last 70 Years of Cruising | Blog | Exclusive Deals | Cruise Circle

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The Queen celebrated her Platinum Jubilee over the weekend. We thought we would take a look at how the cruise industry has developed and grown in the last 70 years and appreciate how it's become the holiday choice we know and love today.

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In the 1990s is when we saw theme cruises emerge, this was when cruises started to cater to specific intrests. Wich meant the there was a theme on the cruise a popular one was music. This meant that the populairty of cruises just continued to grow and expand as people were egaer to travel and surround themesleves with other people that share the same intrests and likes to them. This gave people a chance to socalise and bond and create new relationships over similar intrests. Not onlt that but around this time is when we started to see retirees become a key market for the more longer and luxerie cruises. There were some key ecomic changes throughout this time period one of them being the global econmic growth wich meant there was a increase in disposable income wich led to increase in cruise tourisom.

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During this time is when satillite communication & internet on board became a accesiable. Although at this point it was just used to improve the saftey of the ship and emergencys. This meant the cruise could now use real time navigation and customer bookings. This meant that cruises could get updates on the weather etc this meant the passengers felt more safe. There was no internet for passenger use.

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Because of the rise of theme cruises at this point this meant that there was a wider customer range as people who wasnt intrested in crusies beforehand may have a intrest in them now because the theme could relate to them. Also now because there was a range of cruises that you can choose from like short cruises, upscale, and less expensive cruises this meant that there was a broader customer base.

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In this time period is when we saw large cruise company especially caribean cruises merge with tour operators and airlines like TUI and Thomas cook. During this time we saw subsatantial growth for cruise holidays. The caribean was at a all time for tourisom wich meant cruise ships became more popular to visist that way rather than flying. This was great buisness for the company.

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https://www.fincantieri.com/en/products-and-services/cruise-ships/#:~:text=It%20was%20in%201990%20that,market%20with%20latest%2Dgeneration%20ships.

https://www.cruise118.com/advice/look-back-at-the-cruise-industry-1990/

https://cruiseshipjobs.com/career-advice/1990-present/#:~:text=The%201990s%20saw%20a%20frenzy,internet%20cafes%20were%20also%20emerging.

https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cdp-2021-0151/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S144767700000084X

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Fincantieri is a leader in the global cruise ship business, which is meticulous, selective, dynamic and aimed at very few constructors.

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The finanacial crisis meant that there was a decline in demand for cruises, this menat compnays had to start bringing out discounted packages to ensure they were making enough money and have enough passenegers on board. And in the 2010 is when there was a intoduction of dynamic pricing models this menat cruise fairs could fluctuate based on the demand of the cruise this has both its pros and cons to it. There was also a emerge of larger ships in this time wich meant that there was a reagional expansion of cruise lines. This menat led to a growth of cruising in places like Aisa and China and with thta became increased competition along cruise lines.

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In this time period in the early 2000s cruise ships began to incorprate interent to the passengers on board and then eventually wifi although this did come at a cost wich was quite expensive so if you did want acces you would have to pay a extra fee. This came woth being able to get service over the pgone for calls etc wich meant passengers that needed to contact people of if they are on the cruise for long period of time can have contact with people. During this time we also saw cruise try make a impact on being more enviromentally friendly they started this by intorducing liquifed natural gas to reduce enviromental impact and make them not as harsh.

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between the time of 200s and 2010 we saw the cruise industry had significant growth and dyversifaction and there was a larger appeal to a wider demographic. WE also saw a massive spike in solo travelling wich led to a demand in expadition cruises and singular occupation cabins. Cuises were trying to make themsleves appeal to everyone so they would target all age groups with different intrests and price points.

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In the early 2000s is when everyone became more familiar of online bookings, this meant that tour opperators faced challenges as there wasnt as much of a high demand for travel agents and challenges from low cost airlines. Not only that but there was a significant matter wich had an affect on travel in general and that was the 911 because of this there was saftey concerns leading to decline in demand for internatinal travel

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https://www.atol.org/news-and-blogs/2023/11/10/from-the-90s-to-the-noughties-moving-into-the-21st-century/#:~:text=By%20the%20mid%202000s%2C%20the,brand%2C%20merged%20with%20First%20

https://cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news/2010/01/12010-clia-the-state-of-the-cruise-industry-in-2010/#:~:text=The%20industry's%20story%20is%20one%20of%20impressive,annual%20growth%20in%20passengers%20of%207.4%20percent.

https://www.rolcruise.co.uk/blog/cruise-ships-then-and-now-1995-to-2025#:~:text=Wi%2DFi%20on%20cruise%20ships%20was%20first%20introduced,areas%2C%20and%20it%20could%20be%20quite%20pricey.&text=Some%20cruise%20lines%20have%20opted%20for%20wearable,and%20even%20track%20family%20members%20on%20board.

https://www.athensjournals.gr/tourism/2016-3-4-2-Jones.pdf

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Aviation Strategy - European tour operators: consolidation and confusion

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The Northern European tour operating/ charter airline industry is consolidating rapidly, overcoming cross–border restraints much more easily than the scheduled airlines. A minority holding in the UK company by Preussag and Thomas Cook has now been divested and taken up by the Barcelo Group, the largest Spainbased tour operator which has indirect links into Air Europa, the Palma–based charter/scheduled airline currently being courted by Iberia. Volume enabled the tour operators to achieve better rates with hotel owners, to negotiate better terms of seat purchase from the airlines or to build up their own charter airlines, and to be able to advertise and distribute more effectively. This structure makes life very difficult for the smaller tour operators — they may have to pay higher commissions to sell their packages through the main travel agents that are owned by the big four and they may have to buy airline seats from the airlines owned by their larger rivals. They have to reserve the vast majority of their charter airline capacity for holiday packages, either their own or those contracted to other operators, and their websites — Britannia Direct, for instance — have a very low profile compared with easyJet, Ryanair, Go, etc…

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This is when the outbreak of Covid-19 happnend this menat thta Covid-19 affected the cruise industry. Bceause the goverment and the travel restrictions that were put in place during the pandemic this meant there was a signifcant rapid decrease in passengers from 2019. This menat that because of compnays had to stop being in use that many staff lost their jobs and some compnays not even being able to afford to keep running as they had no passnegers.

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Technolgay main use is to make everything be more smoother so cruise ships now have adavancments like conctacless boarding and keyless room entry all of this making the stay more smooth for guests. Not only that but some cruise ships have advanced to use VR to deliver virtual tours of destinations wich has the potential to revoloutinse the cruise industry. There are still ongoing current investements in AI driven cruise technolagy this is suppose to enhance passenger experinces.

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In this current type there is a high demand for eco friendly experiental cruises and a large growth in expedition cruises to remote loctions like antartitca. Now in 2025 because all restrictions are gone from covid19 we are seeing increased cruise fares. There is also now a big shift to solo travellers, so now many cruises offer more single oocupany cabins and alter there activitys to fit everyone. This means the cruise industry are attracting new passengers.

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Since Virgin created there own cruise line company thye have launched certain ships since the 2020s, the first ship wich was the Scarelt Lady was ready to launch in 2020 was completed but had delays due to the Covid-19 pandmeic, so it finnaly launched in 2021, where it travlled from miami withtthe caribbean intneraries. Soon after in 2022 there was the expansion of the Fleet where the Vaiant lady and the Resillient lady joined the fleet, this opperated in europe and other destinations. We are aslo aware that Virgin are going to expand to the uk market wich will bring in more passengers.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships

https://www.seatrade-cruise.com/information-technology/blog-tech-trends-in-cruise

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgKeoFLk1Uw

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1179624/full

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Comparisons Changes in customer type and demands:

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Comparisons Changes in customer type and demands:

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Changes in customer type and demands:

begining in the early 1800 cruises were an extremely luxery transport type. This meant that it was only accesiable for thoiughs who are very wealthy. At this time because cruises were such a new thing it meant that tyhe price to travel by them was very expensive. this meant that in this era there was verry niche group that the cruise indusrty was aimed towards too.

Next in the early 20th century but more specifically in the 1920s-1930s is when we saw a rise of more middle class travel and this was down to the econmic prosperity that was happening at this time. What thid meant was that more people had more money to spend on things like leuisure. and this was good for the cruise industry as it meant the market for cruises was becoming to not be such a niche group of people it was aimed toawrds at wich resulted in the cruises seeing a wider range of customer types travelling by cruise. Aldo around this time is when people started to dicover that they enjoyed the cruise itself rather than only being focused on the end destination. This was when cruises were started to be seen as an activity rather than a form of transport.

Moving on to the 1960s-1980s is when we began to see the rise of modern cruising. what this meant was that they the cruise industry were able to expand there market and attract a wider range of passengers. The marketing for cruises became more accesiable as it was started to be advertised pm tv and media. This meant that people from diffrent classes were more exposed to cruise ships, this meant that more people had dreams and assipirations to go on a cruise.

When the 1990s-2000s came around it was the rise of theme cruises at this point of time. This led to there being a wider customer range than before this is becasue it can appeal to all diffrent people. For example people that may of not beeen intrested in cruises beforehand may take liking to them now as there is a cruise wic theme fits that customer perfectly for example a music cruise wich emans they may not be intrested so much in cruises but because there passion is music they will go on the cruise. Also in this era there began to be more cruise options thta you could choose from wich meant customers had more options like short cruises, upscale,and cheaper alternitives so there was nearly a cruise for everyone at this point.

Going into the 2000s and early 2010s we saw that the cruise industry had significant growth and a much wider scale of diversification and they was appealing to a much larger demographic. Around tgis time is when we began to see a big spike in solo travelling so that was many cruise lines customer types. This meant that there was a demand in expadition cruises and a need for singualr cabins. At this point the cruise wanted to target as many people as the could and try their best to appeal to all age groups, they did this by promoting difftrent price points.

And now in the 2020s the change in customer type and demand has changed alot, now there is a high demand for eco freindly experiental cruises, and thewre has been a massive growth in expididtion cruises travelling to remote locations like antartica. Fares for cruyises have spiked since the restrictions have risen from covid-19. The cruise industry is still keen to attract new passenger types.

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Beggining in the 1800s is whe steamships where begginging to get introduced, the managed this by slowly beginging to replace standard sailing ships for steamships this was due to the fact that steamships were the better alternitive to sailing as they were alot more efficent in comprison. This is because steamships were able to travel much further distances compared to sailing ships and not only that but they were also alot faster.

Next in the early 20th centuary, we began to see mnay technoligical advances the first one to be introduced is the ocean liners, these were made to appeal to the upper class, oceoan liners were made to be a luxery experince only to be used by the rich and wealthy. They aimed to the wealthy by providing fine dining and all inclusive offers. we also saw another advance in this era when they decided to make the shift ftom coal to deisel powerd ships. This was so they could travell further lenghths and get there faster.

1960s-1980s is when we staerted to see advancments of passenger comforts meaning thta the passengers being comftoable became a priority, and this is hwy they installled stabilisers and rhis was too reduce sickness motion so the passengers could enjoy there time to the best possibilty. We also saw air conditioning being installed in this time so when travelling in warmer climates passengers were kept cool. Another thing was private bathrooms rather than sgared this meant that passengers had the option to have there own private bathroom. This is all for the customers comfort.

1990s-2000s during this time is when sattilite communication and internet was being introduced on cruise ships. although it wasnt introduced for passengers it was just made to improve the saftey of passengers at this point as it was only used for emergency and saftey of the cruise ship. what this meant for the ship was that they could now use real time navigation and customer bookings. It also meant that whilst cruise ships were at sea they were still able yo get updates on things lie the weather etc so this meant that they had more time to prepare if they knew the weather was going to turn etc. there was still no interent for passneger use at this point though.

in the 2000s and 2010s is the time period that cruise ships began incorperate internet not only for the ships saftey but now for passenger use too. Although if passengers did want to acces wifi then they did have to pay a cost to use it. Within having wifi came with being able to get service so passnegrs were now able to do phone calls whilst on the cruise ship. This was great for the passenger as it meant they could have contact with back home if they wanted too. During this time period we also saw cruises try male a impact on being more enviromentally friendly, they did this by introducing liquified natural gas that was to reduce enviromental impacts that the cruise make.

And now in 2020a technolagy has adavanced massively, there main purpous now is to use technoaly to make verything smoother. So now cruise ships have advancments like contactless boarding systems and keyless room entry all of these advances make process much easier. And now cruises have introduced VR to deliver virtual tours of destinations and they belive with this technolagy it will revoloutinise the cruise industry. And they are currently looking into ongoing investments in incorperating AI driven cruise technolagy.

Over the years there has been so many Technological advances and the impact it has made on the cruise indusrty has been remarkable and at the speed it is developing.