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In 1980, approximately 1 person in the US out of every 10 spoke a language other than English at home. This shows that a large portion of the US population would have benefited from participating in a bilingual education program to further develop their proficiency in the languages that they spoke.

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Important Event: Castaneda v. Pickard 1981 Court Case 

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Important Event: Castaneda v. Pickard 1981 Court Case 

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The Castaneda v. Pickard 1981 Court Case was an important event that significantly impacted bilingual education. In 1981, Roy Castaneda, father of two Mexican American girls, filed a lawsuit against the Raymondville Independent School District in Texas. Castaneda claimed that the district his daughters attended did not provide quality education programs that addressed students' language barriers. Instead, the school districts further perpetuated discrimination based on race and placed students into low-ability groups due to lack of English proficiency. As a result, this case is relevant because it established guidelines that required schools to provide resources, materials, and teachers who support bilingual education to ensure the needs of students facing language barriers can be addressed and overcome.

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Important Individual: Senator S.I. Hayakawa

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Important Individual: Senator S.I. Hayakawa

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In 1982, California Senator Hayakawa promoted English as the official language of the United States, through introduction of an amendment to immigration legislation, and discredited bilingual education.

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Important Event - Plyler v. Doe (1982): The Right to Education for Undocumented Children

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Important Event - Plyler v. Doe (1982): The Right to Education for Undocumented Children

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The Plyler v. Doe case centered around whether undocumented immigrant children had the right to a free public education. The state of Texas argued that these children should not be entitled to education because they did not contribute to tax revenue and were not legally in the country.

However, the plaintiffs argued that denying education to these children violated the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, which ensures that all individuals are treated equally under the law. They contended that the children were not at fault for their immigration status, and withholding education would harm their future prospects, creating a cycle of poverty and inequality. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the children, declaring that denying them public education was unconstitutional.

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Argument for Bilingual Education: Plyer v. Doe 1982 Supreme Court Ruling 

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Argument for Bilingual Education: Plyer v. Doe 1982 Supreme Court Ruling 

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Under the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled that all children regardless of citizenship status had the right to free public education at no additional cost. This was a significant ruling because some school districts had denied admission to undocumented children or charged them tuition. In regards to bilingual education, this meant that all children including English Language Learners had the right to an education that supported their English language acquisition. This eventually led to a greater demand for bilingual education programs that could meet the needs of students learning the language.

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In 1984, he created the concept of orientation in language planning which helps mitigate the implications and issues of language planning. To guide critical analysis and facilitate examination of the status quo. They constitute the framework in which attitudes are formed. His work helped raise awareness about the issues of language acquisition and inspire policy change to maintain equity.

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Interesting Fact: California Proposition #63 (1986): English as the Official Language

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Interesting Fact: California Proposition #63 (1986): English as the Official Language

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Proposition 63 declared English as California’s official language, sparking controversy, particularly among non-English speaking communities like Chinese Americans. The Chinese American community, led by figures like the President of the Chinese American organization, opposed it, arguing that it would marginalize non-English speakers and threaten cultural diversity.

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In 1986, California’s Proposition 63 would make English the official language of the state. It would be enforced through legislation and people could sue the state if it is not being enforced. Of those who voted, 73.25% voted in favor of the proposition. This shows how much more people prioritized English-only environments during this time period.

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Arguments for/against bilingual education: 1986 California Proposition #63

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Arguments for/against bilingual education: 1986 California Proposition #63

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Arguments Against Proposition 63:

Opponents believed the proposition would slow down English proficiency for immigrant students by reducing funding for bilingual programs, which could hinder their academic success. They also argued that it would contribute to racial division and make it harder for non-English speakers to integrate into society.

Arguments Supports Proposition 63:

Supporters saw it as a challenge to bilingual education, believing it could provide the legal foundation for future laws limiting bilingual programs and ballots. They argued that making English the official language would promote national unity and encourage non-English speakers to prioritize learning English, leading to quicker integration into society.

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With almost any period in history, there are positives and negatives of that time. As for the 1980's the culture worked against bilingual education. For context, the president at the time was Ronald Regan and his thoughts for the public school system were an emphasis on “back to basics” which discouraged the growth of bilingual education. In addition, California was voting on Proposition #63 based on whether English should be the official state language. Despite this, rulings like Castaneda v. Pickard 1981 Court Case and Plyer v. Doe 1982 Supreme Court Ruling took place to fight for bilingual education programs that met students' needs. These rulings increased the demands for quality bilingual education programs for all children regardless of citizenship status, marking an important strive for equitable educational opportunities.