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The play opens with a street brawl between the servants of the feuding Montague and Capulet families. Prince Escalus arrives and threatens death to anyone who disturbs the peace again. Meanwhile, Lord Montague and Lady Montague discuss their son Romeo's recent melancholy behavior with his cousin Benvolio.

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Benvolio learns that Romeo is lovesick over a girl named Rosaline who has sworn to live a life of chastity. Benvolio suggests that Romeo should forget about her and look at other beautiful girls in Verona.

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Count Paris, a kinsman of Prince Escalus, asks Lord Capulet for permission to marry his daughter Juliet. Capulet responds that Juliet is too young (she's only 13) but invites Paris to attend a feast at his house that evening to begin courting her.

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A servant of the Capulets, who cannot read, asks Romeo and Benvolio to read the guest list for the feast. Through this chance encounter, Romeo learns about the party where he will eventually meet Juliet. Benvolio convinces Romeo to attend the feast to compare Rosaline with other beautiful girls.

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Lady Capulet, assisted by Juliet's Nurse, discusses marriage with Juliet. They praise Count Paris's virtues and encourage Juliet to consider him as a potential husband at the feast. This is the first time we meet Juliet, who shows herself to be obedient but not especially excited about marriage.

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As Romeo, Benvolio, and their friend Mercutio head to the Capulet feast in masks, Romeo expresses his concerns about attending. Mercutio delivers his famous Queen Mab speech, a fantastical monologue about dreams. This scene introduces Mercutio's wit and complex character.

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The feast at the Capulet household begins. Lord Capulet welcomes his guests and reminisces about the days when he used to wear a mask to such parties. The atmosphere is festive and grand.

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Romeo spots Juliet across the room and is instantly struck by her beauty, forgetting all about Rosaline. He describes Juliet as teaching 'the torches to burn bright.' This is the moment that sets the entire tragedy in motion.

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Tybalt, Juliet's hotheaded cousin, recognizes Romeo's voice and becomes enraged at the presence of a Montague at their feast. He wants to fight Romeo immediately, but Lord Capulet stops him, not wanting to ruin the party.

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Romeo and Juliet meet and speak for the first time, sharing a witty and flirtatious dialogue that takes the form of a sonnet. They kiss, but are interrupted by the Nurse. Only after they part do they learn they are from feuding families, setting up the central conflict of the play.