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Darwin's theory of evolution states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. This is important to real life to show how organisms survive and evolve. It can show how organisms adapt to their environment and shows how the fittest organisms survive.

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1. What do hox genes control? General shape, head to toe body plan development

2. What were Lamarck’s ideas about evolution? Things evolved until perfection by using or not using body structures.

3. What does natural selection directly act on? Phenotype

4. What shape will a graph have if it represents a polygenic trait? Bell shape

5. List the five steps in the speciation of the Galapagos finches. 1. Founders arrive 2. Geographic isolation 3. Changes in the new population’s gene pool 4. Behavioral isolation 5. Ecological competition.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfsUz2O2jww

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Darwin and Natural Selection: Crash Course History of Science #22

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Phenotypic variation exists among individuals and the variation is heritable. Those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment will survive. Natural selection acts on an organism's phenotype.

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1. Evolution- process of change over time

2. Charles Lyell- Geologist that concluded Earth is extremely old. Processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present.

3. Charles Darwin- developed a scientific theory of biological evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors.

4. Uniformitarianism- idea that geological processes we see in action today must be the same ones that shaped Earth millions of years ago.

5. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - proposed hypothesis that organisms could change during their lifetime by selectively using or not using various parts of their body.

6. Acquired characteristics - traits altered by an individual organism during its life.

7. Artificial selection - a process in which nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful.

8. Adaptation - any heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

9. Fitness - Describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.

10. Natural selection - Process by which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring.