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PRESENT PERFECT - English Grammar - When do I use this tense?

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Learn English Through Story ★ Subtitles: The Room by John Work (level 2)

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710. The Umbrella Man by Roald Dahl (Learn English with a Short Story)

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1) When I ..... swimming at 6 o'clock, the sun ... a) started, was rising b) was starting, was rising c) started, rised 2) While we .... to the news, the phone ... a) were listening, rang b) listened, was ringing c) listened, rang 3) I ... to the radio when I ... this fantastic song. a) was listening/heard b) listened /was hearing c) listened/heard 4) My mum ... breakfast near the computer when she ...her cup of coffee on the keyboard. a) have/spilled b) has/was spilling c) was having/spilled 5) I ... for a file on my USB stick when I ... there was a virus. a) looked/was noticing b) was looking/noticed c) looked/noticed 6) Tim ... a computer game when his mum ... him for lunch. a) was playing/called b) played/was calling c) played/called

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1) When I ..... swimming at 6 o'clock, the sun ... 2) While we .... to the news, the phone ... 3) I ... to the radio when I ... this fantastic song.

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Past Simple _ Regular and irregular verbs (Rules)

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Past Simple _ Regular and irregular verbs (Rules)

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Eurocentres - regular vs irregular verbs

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We use the present simple to talk about repeated actions or events, permanent states or things which are always true. To find out more about the present simple, read and listen to the conversation below.
Can you give me some examples?

Yes, of course. We use the present simple to talk about things which are repeated every day, every week, every year, etc.
I usually get up at 7 o'clock.
During the week Ihave swimming practice on Mondays, I do taekwondo on Tuesdays and tennis on Thursdays.
We alwaysgo on holiday in the summer.
I see. And you use words for explaining more about the time too.

Yes, we often use adverbs of frequency sometimes, often, usually or other time expressions like on Mondays, twice a week or in the summer.

What about permanent states? What does that mean?

Permanent states are situations or feelings which are not temporary.

We also use the present simple for general facts, for example when talking about science or geography.
Thailand is really hot at this time of year.
Snakeslive on the ground, in trees and in water.
So what do I need to know about forming the present simple?

The main thing is that the third person singular forms end in - s or - es. That's for he, she or it.
He watches black and white films at his cinema club on Wednesdays.
Hethinks chess is a sport!
OK, and the other forms don't end in - s or - es? I watch TV a lot. We think Coldplay are boring.

Correct!

What about questions and negatives?

For most verbs we use the present simple of the verb do/does + subject + infinitive to form questions.

For negatives we use the subject + do/does + not + infinitive without .
Daisy and Jack don't go out together much at the weekend.
Idon't think Coldplay are boring.
To go back to the idea of permanent and temporary things, what about this sentence: Is your mum in Thailand this week? Isn't that temporary?

Yes, it is. That's a very good point. Normally we use the present simple for permanent states, and the present continuous for temporary states, but some verbs are thought of as State Verbs and they are not usually used in the continuous form.

And the verb to be is one of those verbs?

Exactly! So even though staying in Thailand is temporary, we use the present simple with the verb to be. Here's another example:

But that isn't the question form you just told me about! Where's the do?

Ah, no. I said 'for most verbs we use do in questions'. The verb to be is different and so are modal verbs like can. We'll look at the verb to be separately because it's different and very common.

What are the other state verbs?

We'll look at those when we look at the Present Continuous. Any more questions?

Yes, what about: The train leaves at 5 in the morning? Isn't that talking about an event in the future?

Yes, it is, but it's also a repeated event. This is sometimes called the 'timetable future'.

OK, I have a maths class in a minute, so I have to go.

Good use of the 'timetable future'! Bye!

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Daisy is chatting to her brother Oliver, and his best mate Alfie, about her new boyfriend. Daisy and Oliver's mum is working in Thailand this week.

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We use the present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) to talk about temporary things which have begun but haven't finished. They are often happening now, at this moment.
Here are some examples of things happening now.
I'm just uploading some photos to Facebook and I'm sending a message to Billie.
We're all riding camels and the sun's shining.
They're waiting for me to get off the phone!
I'm not sure what ' temporary' means. Can I say ' I'm learning to drive', even if I'm not having a driving lesson right now?

Yes, absolutely! You might not be having a driving lesson right at this moment, but it is temporary, so that's correct. We use the present continuous for longer situations like this too.

OK, I see what you mean. So that's for things happening now, or round about now. What about the future? Can I use the present continuous for the future?

Yes, I'm glad you asked me that. We use the present continuous for future arrangements with other people.
At eight I'm meeting Lucas, just for a quick coffee.
What about questions and negatives?

For questions you just change round the subject and the verb to be. So, You are > Are you, then add the -ing form. Sometimes you need a question word first.

For negatives you add not after the verb to be. Don't forget to use a contraction if you're speaking.
You're not really studying at all, are you? (or You aren't really studying...)
Theyaren't using the computer room at the moment.
This programisn't working.
That's fine, but I suppose there are some spelling rules for -ing forms?

Yes, you're right. If a verb ends in e, you take off the e and add -ing

If a verb ends in a vowel + a consonant, the consonant is usually doubled before you add -ing.

But be careful with verbs with more than two syllables where the stress isn't on the last syllable. With those you don't double the consonant.

OK, but what about two-syllable verbs where the stress is on the last syllable, like begin?

If the stress is on the last syllable, you do double the final consonant.

Right, the present continuous seems quite easy to me. I'm understanding it perfectly!

Whoops! Sorry, you can't say ' I'm understanding it'.

Why not? I'm talking about something happening right now.

Yes, but there is a group of verbs which are called state verbs which we use for states (not actions) and we don't usually use these in the continuous form.

want - need - like - love - hate - prefer - believe - think - know - realise - understand - recognise - suppose - be - exist - appear - look - seem - belong - have (for possession) - own - feel - smell - taste

So these are verbs for talking about emotions, thinking, existing, appearing, possession and the senses.

But wait a minute. What about, 'I'm thinking of coming with you tomorrow.' Or, 'I'm thinking about my girlfriend.'

Yes, they are correct. But the meaning of think there is 'having thoughts in your mind' or 'considering'. It's not the same as 'having an opinion' about something.
I think that song's brilliant. (opinion)
She's thinking about studying archaeology. (considering / wondering about)
OK, so there are some exceptions. Like, 'I'm loving it.'

No, sorry, that's not an exception, that's wrong!

Well, OK, maybe it's a new usage. English does change. But don't use it in exams!

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Sophie is working in Cairo this week. Oliver, Alfie and Daisy are working hard for their end-of-year exams.

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Ate - Past of eat, Came - Past of come, Opened - Past of open, Forgot - Past of forget, Began - Past of begin, Shot - Past of shoot, Read - Past of read, Sent - Past of send, Closed - Past of close, Made - Past of make, Studied - Past of study, Put - Past of put, Cut - Past of cut, Met - Past of meet, Woke - Past of wake, Awoke - Past of awake, Got - Past of get, Took - Past of take, Had - Past of have , Drank - Past of drink, Was - Past of is, Were - Past of are, Carried - Past of carry, Wrote - Past of write, Swam - Past of swim, Flew - Past of fly, Blew - Past of blow, Knew - Past of know, Fed - Past of feed, Slept - Past of sleep,

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Ate - Past of eat, Came - Past of come, Opened - Past of open, Forgot - Past of forget, Began - Past of begin, Shot - Past of shoot, Read - Past of read.

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The secrets of learning a new language | Lýdia Machová | TED

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Learn English | Let's Talk - Free English Lessons

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60 Differences Between 🇬🇧 British English Vs American English 🇺🇸 Vocabulary Words & Pronunciation

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Erasmus Skills - European integration, identity, and the Erasmus experience

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Studying abroad - why you should do it! (Full length)

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Present Progressive – Grammar & Verb Tenses

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COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES 🤔| English grammar | Learn the rules with examples

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Classifique em grupos - Arraste e solte os itens na coluna da categoria adequada.

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Past Perfect Tense in English - Simple Explanation!

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The Super Easy Way to Learn Modal Verb in English | Types of Modal Verbs

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Look at these examples to see how must, might, may, could, can't and couldn't are used in the past.

An earthquake? That must have been terrifying!
We don't know for sure that Alex broke the coffee table. It might have been the dog.
How did she fail that exam? She can't have studied very much.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

We can use modal verbs for deduction - guessing if something is true using the available information. The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility. This page focuses on making deductions about the past.

We use must have + past participle when we feel sure about what happened.

Who told the newspapers about the prime minister's plans? It must have been someone close to him.
The thief must have had a key. The door was locked and nothing was broken.
Oh, good! We've got milk. Mo must have bought some yesterday.

We can use might have or may have + past participle when we think it's possible that something happened.

I think I might have left the air conditioning on. Please can you check?
Police think the suspect may have left the country using a fake passport.

May have is more formal than might have. Could have is also possible in this context but less common.

We use can't have and couldn't have + past participle when we think it's not possible that something happened.

She can't have driven there. Her car keys are still here.
I thought I saw Adnan this morning but it couldn't have been him - he's in Greece this week.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Language level

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Do you know how to use modal verbs to show how certain you are about past events? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Look at these examples to see how must, might, may, could and can't can be used.

That must be the main entrance. I can see people queuing to get in.
I've lost my keys. They might be at work or they could be in the car.
You can't be bored already! You've only been here five minutes.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

We can use modal verbs for deduction - guessing if something is true using the available information. The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility. This page focuses on making deductions about the present or future.

We use must when we feel sure that something is true or it's the only realistic possibility.

This must be her house. I can see her car in the garage.
He must live near here because he always walks to work.
Come inside and get warm. You must be freezing out there!

We use might, may or could to say that we think something is possible but we're not sure.

She's not here yet. She might be stuck in traffic.
He's not answering. He could be in class.
We regret to inform you that some services may be delayed due to the bad weather.

They all have the same meaning, but may is more formal than might and could.

We use can't when we feel sure that something is not possible.

It can't be far now. We've been driving for hours.
She can't know about the complaint. She's promoted him to team leader.
It can't be easy for him, looking after three kids on his own.

Note that these verbs, like all modal verbs, are followed by an infinitive without to.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Language level

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Do you know how to use modal verbs to say how certain you are about a possibility? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Do you know how to use modal verbs to talk about permission and obligation? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Relative clauses: defining relative clauses

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Do you know how to define who or what you are talking about using relative clauses? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Relative clauses: non-defining relative clauses

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Do you know how to give extra information about someone or something using relative clauses? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Relative clauses: non-defining relative clauses

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Do you know how to give extra information about someone or something using relative clauses? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Relative clauses: non-defining relative clauses

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Do you know how to give extra information about someone or something using relative clauses? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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RELATIVE PRONOUNS | RELATIVE CLAUSES | ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - who, which, that, whose, whom

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Look at these examples to see how the verb forms are used.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar test 1

Verbs followed by '-ing' or by 'to' + infinitive 1: Grammar test 1

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

A verb can be followed by another verb. The second one usually needs to change into the - ing form or the to + infinitive form. Which form you need depends on what the first verb is.

Verbs followed by the -ing form

When enjoy, admit and mind are followed by another verb, it must be in the - ing form.

I enjoy travelling.
He admittedstealing the necklace.
I don't mindwaiting if you're busy.

Like and love can be followed by the - ing form and the to + infinitive form. They are both correct.

Verbs followed by to + infinitive form

When want, learn and offer are followed by another verb, it must be in the to + infinitive form.

I want to speak to the manager.
She's learningto play the piano.
He offeredto help us wash up.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Grammar test 2

Verbs followed by '-ing' or by 'to' + infinitive' 1: Grammar test 2

Language level

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Do you know when to use -ing and when to use to + infinitive after a verb? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Learn English - Active and Passive Voice

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Prefixes and Suffixes | English Language Learning Tips | Cambridge English

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Past and Present | Technology Then and Now

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How the media shapes the way we view the world - BBC REEL

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How the media affects youth | Oda Faremo Lindholm | TEDxOslo

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What is fake news? Why is it so hard to disprove? Who creates it, and why? Read this article to find out.