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STUDENT'S BOOK

A n g e la Healan
K atrina G orm le y

SECOND EDITION

To access the resources on the online student zone,
please visit NGL.Cengage.com/closeup and select
'Student Companion site'.

Close-up

IDENT'S BOOK

A n g e la Healan

Katrina G orm ley
with Karen Ludlow

SECOND EDITION

NATIONAL * 4 CENGAGE
GEOGRAPHIC Learning'
LEARNING

Australia * Brazil -Japan * Korea * Mexico * Singapore - Spain * United Kingdom * United States

C o n te n ts

Unit Reading V o c a b u la ry G ram m ar Listening

1 Family Ties true/false, reading th e (to p ic vo c a b ) present sim ple, present continuous, m ultiple-choice
stative verbs questions (pictures),
fam ily-related w ords id en tifying differences

p 5-16 exam question first

2 Food, Food, choosing the correct food-related w ords past sim ple, past continuous m ultiple-choice
questions, listening
Food! o p tio r , m ultiple-choice fo r numbers
q u e s tio n s
p 17-28 ga p-fill, th in kin g about
th e answers first
REVIEW 1: Vocabulary & Grammar p 2 9 -3 0
tru e/fa lse, listening fo r
3 The Wonders m u ltip le -ch o ice questions environm ent-related present p e rfect sim ple, present sim ilar w ord s
of Nature understand ing te x t types w o rd s p e rfe ct continuous
m ultiple-choice
p 31-42 re la tive clauses: d e fin in g & n o n q u e s tio n s ,
d efining u n d e rs ta n d in g
4 Special true/false, w o rryin g re la tio n s h ip -re la te d technical or
Relationships about new words w o rd s w ill, be g o in g to specific w ords
m ultiple-choice
p 43-54 qu estions (pictures),
id en tifying em otions
REVIEW 2: Vocabulary & Grammar p 5 5 -5 6
ga p-fill, checking
5 A Place to Call s h o rt te xts, m u ltip le - hom e-related w ords s p e llin g

Home choice questions, m ultiple-choice
elim inating answers qu estions (pictures),
p 57-68 p re d icting from pictures

6 Ready, Steady, m atching, m atching spo rt-related w ords conditionals: zero & first m ultiple-choice
qu estions (pictures),
Go! d e s c rip tio n s listening again
ga p-fill, com pletin
p 69-80 inform ation

REVIEW 3: Vocabulary & Grammar p 8 1 -8 2 tru e/fa lse, thin kin g
about the speakers
7 Extreme m u ltiple-choice w ords related to past pe rfe ct sim ple, past pe rfect
questions, reading fo r extrem e situations c o n tin u o u s
Situations general understanding

p 83-94

8 Time to Spare m ultiple-choice w o rd s re la te d to fre e m o d a ls & s e m i-m o d a ls (1)
tim e
p 9 5 -106 questions, reading

around the gap

REVIEW 4: Vocabulary & Grammar p 1 0 7 -1 0 8

9 High-Tech true/false, fin d in g th e te c h n o lo g y -re la te d passive voice: tenses, b y & w ith
World answers w o rd s

p 109-120

10 That's sh o rt texts, m ultiple- en terta in m en t-re la ted re p o rte d speech: statem ents
w o rd s
E n te rta in m e n t choice questions,
checking sim ilar w ord s
p 121-132

REVIEW 5: Vocabulary & Grammar p 1 3 3 -1 3 4

11 Lessons to m atching descriptions, e d u c a tio n -re la te d causative
Learn finding synonyms w o rd s

p 135-146

12 The B ody m u ltiple-choice body-related w ords adjectives, adverbs, so & such m ultiple-choice
Beautiful questions, choosing the qu estions (pictures),
best op tio n ke e p in g calm
p 147-158

REVIEW 6: Vocabulary & Grammar p 1 5 9 -1 6 0

Grammar Reference: p 1 6 1-173 Writing Reference: p 176-181

Irregular Verbs: p 174-175 Speaking References: p 182-183

S p e a k in g Vocabulary G ram m ar W riting V id e o

ta lkin g a b o u t fam ily, de scrib in g ph otos, collocations & countable & em ail, using abbreviations, including O ne W om an's
d e scrib in g in d e ta il expressions uncountable nouns, all th e in fo rm a tio n , in v itin g , asking C h o ic e
q u a n tifie rs fo r a reply, w ritin g a b o u t special
events
used to & w ould, be
talking a b o u t fo o d & restaurants, w ord form ation used to & g e t used review, o rd e rin g adjectives, G reek O lives
describing photos, using d iffe re n t to m aking yo u r w ritin g in te re s tin g ,
adje ctive s, using adjectives re com m e nding , adjectives fo r fo o d &
restaurants

talking a b o u t the environm e nt, listening p re p o s itio n s , articles inform al em ail, planning yo u r w o rk , S w im m ing w ith
to in stru ctio n s, o p e n in g discussions reading a tem porals frie n d ly openings & endings, useful Sharks
m u ltip le choice phrases
relationships, problem solving, te x t first
considering advantages & s to ry (1), th in k in g o f idea s, organising M a n 's B est
disad vanta ges, giving advice phrasal verbs

a sto ry / ideas, de scribin g p e ople F rie n d

talking a b o u t hom es, general collocations & fu tu re plans & events, inform al letter, re plying to a letter, L iving in V enice
conversations, e xp a n d in g on th e to p ic , expressions future predictions using inform al language, a cce p tin g /
talking a b o u t a to p ic rejecting invitations, responding to
news, m aking suggestions

talking a b o u t sp o rt, decision m aking, w ord form ation s e c o n d c o n d itio n a l, i f s e n te n c e tra n s fo rm a tio n (1), clauses o f W a te r S p o rts
giving opinions, agreeing & disagreeing
asking if som eone agrees, giving your purpose, tra nsform ing sentences A dventure
o p in io n s

describing photos, talking a b o u t extrem e p re p o s itio n s , question tags, subject s to ry (2), using na rra tive tenses, Coast Guard
situations, paraphrasing collocations & & o b je ct questions, creating suspense, review ing your School
expressions negative questions w riting

ta lkin g a b o u t fre e -tim e activities, phrasal verbs m odals & sem i- postcard, linking w ord s & phrases, Young
de cision m a kin g, ta lk in g a b o u t all th e m o d a ls (2) w ritin g the correct am ount, w riting a A d v e n tu re rs
o p tio n s , talking a b o u t possib ility postcard

talking a b o u t tech nolog y, decision p re p o s itio n s th e passive voice: s e n te n c e tra n s fo rm a tio n (2), using M ars Rovers
m aking, m aking a de cision, de cid in g
gerunds, infinitives & collocations, checking th e m eaning

m odal verbs

talking a b o u t e n terta in m en t, describing phrasal verbs reported speech: le tte r o r story, o rd e rin g ideas, Steel Drum s
photos, ta lkin g ab out a p h o to , describing q u e s tio n s , choosing th e rig h t questior , free-tim e
pe o p le , places & things commands & a c tiv itie s
requests

talking a b o u t school and education, collocations & gerunds, infinitives report, rem em bering com m on The Maasai
decision m aking, changing o p in io n s, expressions, errors, checking fo r com m on erro rs, Teacher
changing your m ind p re p o s itio n s introducing & closing reports, school
facilities and eq uipm en t, after-school The M em ory
a c tiv itie s Man

talking a b o u t your body, general phrasal verbs com parison o f dram atic stories, m aking stories m ore
conversations, in te ra ctin g w ith you r adjectives & adverbs interesting, leaving en ough tim e ,
p a rtn e r, talking a b o u t health and fitness re la tio n s h ip s

Collocations & Expressions: p 184 Phrasal Verbs: p 186

Prepositions: p 185

Family Ties

Reading: true/false, reading the exam question first
Vocabulary: fam ily-related words, collocations & expressions

present simple, present continuous, stative verbs, countable & uncountable
nouns, quantifiers
listening: m ultiple-choice questions (pictures), identifying differences
Speaking: talking about family, describing photos, describing in detail
email, using abbreviations, in cluding all the inform ation, inviting, asking for a
reply, w ritin g a bo u t special events

5

Family Ties

A W o rk in pairs. How many words for family

members can you think of? W rite as many
as you can in one minute.

В How can you learn about your family's

past? W rite down the different ways in
your notebook. Then, quickly read the
text. Are your answers the same?

Read the text about family history and
match the headings below with the
correct sections in the text.
A Your turn
В What is genealogy?
С Research and records |

aMneect ethse,tors gene: part of a cell passed
from parents to children that
What makes you who you are? Part of the answer is in your family's determines how they look
past. Become a detective and find clues to your family history.
generation: the people of about
the same age in a particular famil]

ancestor: person related to you
who lived a long time ago

genealogy: the study of family
history

1. When you look in the mirror, do
you see your father's smile? Maybe
you take after your mother or look
like a grandparent? That's because
of DNA. Our DNA contains genes
that make each person in the world
different - no two people look, think
or act the same. We pass down our
genes through generations. Scientists
can test your DNA to find out which
part of the world your ancestors
were from.

2. Your family's history may be a mystery
to you, but there's a way to find out
about it. It's called genealogy, and
it's the study of the people you are
related to. Genealogy helps you put
together your family history. It starts
with the relatives you know, such as
parents and grandparents, and then
you can learn about ancestors who
lived and died before you were born.

5 Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Exam ui
Task below and underline the key words in
the text. Reading the exam question first
* It's a good idea to read the exam sentences very
________________ Exam Task
carefully before you read the text.
Look at the sentences below about studying your
family history. Read the text to decide if each * Underline the key words in each statement so
sentence is correct or incorrect. Write T (True) or you know what information you need to look for.
F (False).
* Then read the text quickly so you know what it
1 W e look the way we do because of the is about.
genes in our DNA.
* Read the text again and look for words and
2 A DNA test can show where in the world our phrases in the text that are similar to the word
ancestors lived. you underlined in each exam sentence.

3 You can find out the number of relatives * The statements are in the same order as the
you have in a DNA test. information in the text.

4 Genealogy is the history N o w com plete the Exam Task. Use the words you
of our past and present underlined to help you.
family members.
Find the underlined w ords in the text and think
5 Relatives who are alive could have about what they mean.
information about ancestors. Then circle the correct meanings below.

6 A family tree shows how you are related 1 take after: to follow somebody / to be like somebody
to other people in your family. 2 look like: to have a similar appearance / to see

7 A detective can help you things you enjoy
to find information about your family. 3 pass down: transfer to / respect the next generation
4 relative: family member / close friend
8 It is possible to buy old newspapers at 5 find out: to take outside / to discover or learn
some libraries. 6 look for: to be similar to / to try to find

9 Public records tell you when people were
born.

10 The text says that websites can help you
find information about your ancestors.

It isn't difficult to learn about your past. You can
begin by asking your relatives questions about
your ancestors. While you are talking with family
members, take notes. This helps you organise any
information you get. Make sure you write down
any names, dates or places people mention. Then
you can draw a family tree with your name at the
top. Then you would add all the relatives from
you to your great grandparents so you can see how
everyone is related.

4. If there any blank boxes in your tree it's time for some
detective work! Many people begin at a library where
they can look for family names in old newspapers.
Public records are usually a very good thing to look at
too. They have information about births, marriages and
death certificates too. Some records show when people
moved to a country. Sometimes, records tell you where
people went to school and what their job was. You can
also search the Internet. With every bit of research you

! do, you are discovering your family's history.

If you could choose someone famous to be in your family, Ideas Focus
who would you choose and why?
If you could go back in time, which one of your ancestors
would you like to meet? Why? / Why not?

Family Ties

Match the definitions with the members of the family.

1 Your mum's mother. a aunt
2 Your brother's or sister's daughter. b niece
3 Your uncle's and aunt's children. с step-mother
4 Your brother or sister's son. d grandmother
5 Your mother's sister. e nephew
6 Your father's wife if he marries again. f cousins

в C om plete the sentences using tw o of the words in each group.

1 height slim tall hard-working jealous generous
Peter has always been very____________________ ;
he was 1.98m when he was 14 years-old! He's also My aunt is a very___________________ person. She
quite____________________ even though he eatsalot. gives money to people in need. She's also very

weigh overweight build and spends lots of time helping at
the care centre.
Annabel and Claire have got the same
____________________They aren't very tall and relax honest nervous _. He needs
they're both a b it____________________
My cousin Jack is very__________
beard blonde straight to do more exercise to help him
I love your son's curly____________________ hair. Mine
is very____________________ and dark. unkind easy-going scruffy and fun-loving,
________ clothes.
elderly middle-aged young Granddad is very
Sunday was boring! We spent it with our and he always dresses in
___________________ grandparents and our
___________________ parents. lazy clever reliable

Jack isn't very If you ask him to do

something he forgets. He's very

though and does very well at school.

С Complete the text with these words.

Iyoung kind easy-going height elderly hard-working nervous weigh
Elephants: animals of higher intelligence ►

Elephants are interesting animals because they are very sociable and

family is important to them. They can grow to a (1 )-----------------

of over 3 metres and usually (2 )____________________about 3,800 kilos.

Normally they are quite relaxed and (3) ________ animals,

but sometimes they can get (4) when they are

looking after (5)_______________ elephants. They are also quite

clever and (6)_________________ _, and slow down and help feed

(7 )------------- or ill members of the family group.

These qualities and the fact that they are so strong and

(8)___________________ is why people want to protect them and the

land they live on for the future.

Ideas Focus * Is family important to you? Why / Why not?
* Do you think young people can learn things from elderly

members of their family? W hy? / Why not?

fa m w \№ \£ \r F Choose the correct answers.

present Simple & Present Continuous 1 Quiet William! W h y so noisy this morning?

A Read the sentences below. Match each a are you be b are you being

sentence with one use of the Present Simple. 2 Who's that? I her name.

1 Water boils at 100°C. a 'm not remembering b don't remember
2 His parents work at a bank.
3 We have a dance class next week. 3 Irene with her cousin for a few weeks,
4 The English drink a lot of tea.
a habits and repeated actions a lives b is living
b permanent situations
с scientific facts 4 Granddad isn't feeling well. H e the doctor
d future actions based on later today.

timetables and schedules a 's seeing b sees

IBe careful 5 Tony his grandfather.
We often use adverbs of frequency with the
Ф Present Simple. They go after the verb be but a is looking like b looks like
I before all other main verbs.
6 Mum and Dad always us with them on
В Read the sentences below. Match each holidays.
sentence with one use of the Present
Continuous. a take b are taking

1 You are always interrupting me! 7 Bob and S u e ______ to their aunt Maisie's house
2 What are you doing at the weekend? every weekend.
3 I am saving up for a car.
4 The baby is crying! It must be hungry. a are going b go
5 Families are becoming smaller and smaller
8 Why children are jealous of each other?
these days.
a actions happening now a do you think b are you thinking
b temporary situations
с future plans G Com plete the text with the correct Present
d annoying habits Simple or Present Continuous form of the verbs
e changing and developing in brackets.

situations in the present Identical twins

ptative Verbs K1)__________________________ (think) that identical twins are

С Read the sentences below and underline fascinating. They (2) (have)thesame

\ the verbs. DNA, but they've got different fingerprints and they often

I 1 Peter hates his new school, have different personalities too. My sisters Katy and Sandy
j 2 He understands the problem now.
(3 )__________________ __ (be) identical twins, and my
3 These flowers smell wonderful.
4 Who owns the blue car outside? parents and I (4 )_____________________ (not / know) which

P Complete the rule with the Present Sim ple twin is which most of the time. In fact, they
I or Present Continuous.
(5 ) (always / play) tricks on us, which
I We don't use some verbs in continuous tenses.
I They are called stative because they describe is not funny! They (6 )_____________________ (wear) different
I states and not actions. To talk about the present,
I we use these verbs in th e ___________________ clothes every morning, so we know who is who but then
j tense.
they (7 )_____________________ (sometimes / change) clothes
p Some verbs can be both stative and action
verbs, but with a different meaning. H ow later just to confuse us. There is only one thing that helps us
does the meaning of th in k change in the
sentences below ? tell who is who: Katy (8) (spend) a lot

1 They think that having a lot of children of her free time reading books, but Sandy
is fantastic.
(9) (hate) reading. She often
2 They are thinking of moving house this year.
complains about it, saying 'Katy (10)_____________________
0 Grammar Focus pp.161 & 162 (1.1 to 1.4)
(read) again!'.

Family Ties

L \s + e v iiv i£ )В В Look at the pictures in A again and match them to
A Look carefully at the pictures below. W h a t can
these questions.
you see in each on e?
1 Where did the woman meet her cousin? Q
A 2 Who does the man's niece take after? Q
3 How does the man's daughter spend her
|t M V
free time? Q
ШНИШ -iJuOj
С K 2 D N ow listen to the three conversations and
circle the correct answers (a, b or c) in Task B.

D Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam

Task below and study the pictures carefully.
W rite notes about the differences, similarities or
connections between them.

e я л а N ow com plete the Exam Task.

1.2C3U N o w listen again.

H Exam up

_________________ Exam Task Identifying differences

There are six questions in this part. For each question, * Before you listen, read the question for
there are three pictures and a short recording. Circle the each set of pictures first and underline any
correct picture a, b or c. key words.

1 Which girl is her sister? * Then look at the pictures carefully and make
sure you understand them.

* It's important to identify the differences
between them before you listen.

4 Where do Sophie and her family live now?

±i bj I T

LONDON BRIGHTON OXFORD

2 Who are the neighbours' children? 5 When will they have their picnic?

3 What time will the boy leave? 6 What did the boy think of his friend's father?

I

10

!

A Work with a partner and answer these questions. p-Hjseful Expressions Ц

* Do you come from a big or small family? Describing photos
* What do you enjoy doing with your family in your free time? ... lying on the floor.
I can see a ... in the foreground / background.
В Look at the photos in the Exam Task. Then w rite 1 (photo 1), There's a white...
There are four...
2 (photo 2) or В (both photos) next to the words below. She's got long ...
He's behind / in front of / next to / on the right
a pets □ f jeans □ He's wearing ...
b board game □ 9 garden □ She's ... tall, slim good-looking
с parents □ h outdoors □ He / She's got... long, dark hair
d children □ i indoors □ They look ... relaxed / happy / easy-going
□ j relaxed □
friendly

Complete the sentences about the tw o photos in the Exam Task. Use the words in the box.

right background next to behind left foreground on

I can see some trees.

The father and son are sitting the sofa. Exam

The girl with long, blonde hair is ________________ her mum. Describing in detail
* In the exam, look at the photo for a
In the there is a mother and daughter.
moment before you start speaking.
The teenage boy is _____ . the white dog.
* Try and describe the photo in as
The boy in the striped T-shirt is on the much detail as possible - think
about what you can see in the
The father with the dogs is on th e ____ background and foreground.

;D Read the Exam C lose-up and then w ork in pairs to * Use adjectives to describe people
and things, e.g. what they are
complete the Exam Task. Use the U seful E xpressions wearing, their personality, etc.
to help you.
* Use prepositions to say where
Exam Task things are in the photograph.

Student A looks at photograph 1 and describes what he or she
can see. Student В listens. Then student В describes photograph 2
and student A listens.

Would you prefer to live in a big family / small family? Ideas Focus
Why / Why not?
Do parents nowadays spend enough time with their
children? Why? / Why not?

4 Family Ties

Collocations & Expressions

Com plete the phrases with keep, fall, pay, g e t and have.

1 _______________ a compliment / a visit
2 _______________a diary / a secret
3 _______________a family / sympathy
4 _______________married / divorced
5 _______________in love / to pieces

В Com plete sentences 1-10 with collocations and expressions from A.

1 I'm not ready for children now, but I'd love to h ave ___________________________ in a few years.

2 Shhh! You mustn't tell anyone about it! Can you k e e p __________________________ ?

3 I don't think I'll ever fall _ again. My divorce was very upsetting.

4 My husband paid m e__________________________ yesterday. He said I looked lovely.

5 Tom and I want to g e t _________________________ as soon as possible. W e love each other.

6 I'd never ke e p ------------------------ My sister might read it!

7 Have some----------------------- Pete; your brother has just lost his job.

8 If they can't sort out their problems soon, they may g e t ___________________________

9 Why not pay Grandma________________________ , Tom? She'll be pleased to see you.

10 It is difficult not to fa ll---------------------- when someone close to you passes away.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the expressions from A.

1 After 20 years, Susie's parents are ___
Naturally she's very upset.

2 Sam's father left his mother. Sam's worried that she'll

3 I _________________a lot o f__________________ for
children of separated or divorced parents.

4 My grandmother's house is near here; let's
----------------h er___________________

5 Mum, do you remember what it was that made you
__________________ with Dad?

6 Pam, can you ----------------? Good, come here and I'll
whisper it in your ear.

7 A lot of my friends__________________ ; they write in it every
day.

8 My sister is---------------- at the end of the month
- she's having a very unusual wedding.

9 'Do you plan t o __________________ when you grow up?'
'I want a big one with five children!'

10 My boyfriend__________________ m e ___________________
today; he said I was very clever!

Ideas Focus Do you think it is better to have a family when you are
young? Why? / Why not?

Do you think people can only really fall in love once in
their lives? Why? / Why not?

Do you think it is a good idea to keep a diary so you can

look at it when you are old? Why? / Why not?

12

Countable / Uncountable Nouns & Quantifiers

A Look at the nouns in bold. W hich are countable and which are
uncountable? W rite С (countable) and U (uncountable).

1 Granddad told us a story about our ancestors.
2 Each country has its own traditions.
3 Information about our genes comes from our DNA. [
4 A mother feels great love for her children.
5 An aunt of mine gave me this picture.

В Circle the correct w ords to com plete the rules.

1 Countable / Uncountable nouns refer to separate items. They can be singular
and plural. W e use an article (a/an/the) before singular countable nouns.

2 Countable / Uncountable nouns refer to things that cannot be counted or
abstract ideas. These nouns do not have a plural form.

С Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable depending on their

meaning. How is the meaning of h a ir different in these sentences?

1 My sister washes her hair every day.
2 Oh no! There are dog hairs all over the sofa.

D Complete the table with the w ords below.

a lot of a kilo of a number of any a few a little lots of many much some

Only Countable Only Uncountable Both I Be careful
Remember that some plural
X * countable nouns don't end in
XX -s, and that some uncountable
XX nouns do end in -s.

Children are usually friendly.

The news is very good!

О Grammar Focus p.162 (1.5 to 1.7)

E Write the words in the correct column. Com plete the dialogues with a, an or some.

advice food generation information mirror 1 A: n I have orange, please?
people maths family research tradition
B:

Countable Uncountable 2 A:

B: old watch that Granddad gave me.

3 A: cool audio equipment in a shop this
morning.

B:

4 A: apple pie, but there
are only two apples.

B: Oh, well, I'll go and buy

Chocolate and tim e can also be countable and 5 A:
uncountable depending on their meaning. W rite
a sentence for each meaning. B: I g o t_ delicious chocolate and great
book!

6 A: э milk?

B:

7 A:: Did you buy present for your grandmother?

B: I bought h er Italian bag.

8 A: you w ant_______ sugar in your tea?

B:

13

Family Ties -

w ir m v iM ;

Learning

Using abbreviations
We often use abbreviations in notes and
postcards. These are the most common:
* morning and afternoon - am and pm
* people's titles - Mrs, Mr, Miss,

Ms, Dr
* ordinal numbers - 10th (tenth),

40th (fortieth)
* parts of the language - e.g. (for

example), etc. (etcetera), i.e. (that's
to say)
* some countries - USA, UK, UAE
* in addresses - Rd (road),
Ave (avenue), St (street)

A Rewrite the sentences below with abbreviations in your notebooks

1 I look like my mother's side of the family; that's to say, my grandmother, myaunt and my cousins.
etcetera.
2 It's mum's thirty-fifth birthday next week.

3 Carol lives in the United Arab Emirates.

4 Please bring food. For example, fruit, sandwiches or hotdogs.

5 I'm seeing Doctor Andrews at four o'clock in the afternoon.

6 Mister Jones says lessons start at eight forty-five in the morning.

7 Sixty-two Greendale Street, London, United Kingdom.

8 Buses leave at ten in the morning, eleven in the morning, twelvein the morning,

В Read the writing task below and answer the questions.

You are preparing fo r a special family occasion. ZTsteZi3 SUrpriseparty°"Satu^vu"h
Write an email inviting one o f your relatives to
the party. C a n L c o ; e r aUSeit'SDad'S 5 0 ,h b irth d a y -
In your invitation, you should:
* say what the invitation is for fr ie n d s .fa m ilV 3 r e C O m ' n g ' a s w e l1 a s D a d 's
* say when the party is
* say who is coming (35-45 words) I hope you can come too. Let me know.
Love,
1 What do you have to write? Rashida
2 Who will read it?
3 Why are you writing?

Read the example email and underline
the abbreviations.

14

D Read the example email again and tick (Й) the things Rashida has included.

1 a greeting Q 5 details about the food
6 told the reader to keep a secret
2 the reason for theparty Q 7 asked the reader to reply to the invitation [
8 informal expressions
3 the time the party startsQ

4 the date of the party Q

Match the items to make a plan.

1 Greeting a Give the reason why you are writing.
2 Paragraph 1 b Love, Rashida
3 Paragraph 2 с Ask the reader to reply to your invitation.
4 Paragraph 3 d Ask about the reader.
5 Paragraph 4 e Hi Uncle Sam,
6 Signing off f Give more details about the party.

■ Read the Exam C lose-up and the Exam Task. Then make a plan. Exam

G Now complete the Exam Task. Rem em ber to Including all the information

include all the im portant information.

* Make sure you read the exam question

carefully.

You have done very well a t school this year and your * Underline the information you need to
parents want to have a party to celebrate. include in your writing.

* When you have finished, read the exam
question again and check you have included
all the points in your note.

Write an email to a friend to invite them to the party.
In your email you should:

* tell your friend why you are emailing Useful Expressions Ц

* give information about the party (time, place, date) Inviting Writing about special
You're invited t o ... events
* ask your friend to reply Can you come? celebration
(35-45 words) I want to invite you to ... guests
invitation
Asking for a reply special occasion
Let me know if you can surprise party
come. celebrate
Tell me if you can come or invite
not. organise

plan

have a party

О Vie Vtc>W\Av\'$ CV\o\06

Before you watch
A W ork with a partner and answer these questions.

* What do you think 'family ties' are?
* Are family ties important to you? W hy? / Why not?
* What reasons would a person cut family ties for?

While you watch
В Watch the video and decide if these statem ents are T (True) or F (False).

1 Flora Salonik has a university degree but nowadays she lives on a farm.
2 Flora's life changed because she fell in love with a man from the Dorobo people.
3 The remote village of Kijunga is a forty-minute walk from Arusha.
4 Flora's family didn't know she was leaving the comforts of the city and moving to a faraway village. ; ]
5 Flora and her husband Loshero raise cattle and grow crops to feed their family.
6 Since Flora has been away for so long, the busy streets of her hometown are familiar to Flora.

After you watch
С Com plete the summary of the video below using these words.

belonged city decision farm grew happy married stayed

Flora Salonik (1)____________________up in A family packages recently
Arusha, which is one of Tanzania's busiest cities. harvested plants, Tanzania
She went to university and learnt to speak
four languages. However, Flora's life changed
dramatically after she got
(2)_____________________Her husband brought
her home to the small village of Kijungu, very
far away from Arusha. Besides looking after
their three children, Flora also took care of the
family's (3)____________________ as her husband
was away for most of the time. It was difficult
for her to stop thinking about her past and she
wondered how her life would be if she lived in
the (4)_____________________Flora had to make a
(5 )___________________ about her family's future.
She decided to go back to Arusha to figure things
out. Flora was very (6 )___________________ to see
her mother and (7)____________________ with her for
a while. She also visited all the places she used to
know. Finally, Flora made her decision; she
(8 )___________________ in Kijungu.

Ideas Focus Do you think it's better to raise a family in a village or in
a city? Why / Why not?
Would you like to live close to your childhood home when
you grow up? Why? / Why not?

Food, Food, Food!

Reading: choosing the correct option, m ultiple-choice questions
Vocabulary: food-related words, word form ation
Listening: past simple, past continuous, used to & would, be used to & get used to
m ultiple-choice questions, listening for numbers
Writing: talking about food & restaurants, describing photos, using different
adjectives, using adjectives
review, ordering adjectives, making your w riting interesting,
recommending, adjectives for food & restaurants

Food, Food, Food!

A How much do you know about olives? Do the quiz and find out!

People have been growing People used to use olive
olive trees for oil to
a 2,000 years, a attack people,
b 4,000 years, b make cleaning products,
с 6,000 years. с fight religion.

Which country produces the W e now know exactly why
most olive oil in the world? olive oil is good because of
a Spain a olive growers,
b Italy b ancient traditions,
с Tunisia с modern science.

В Quickly read the text and check your answers to the quiz.

С Read the incomplete sentence below. Then look at each gap

carefully. W h at typ e of word do you need for each g a p ?

Butter and olive oil are both fats but olive oil is a ( 1 ) fat and is

better (2 ) you because it (3) your body from(4 )_______

Word Focus

crush: to press something very hard
and break it

harvest: to pick and collect crops
fresh: not preserved or old
improve: to make something better

Maria Alcala of Madrid speaks for many Mediterranean people Many olive growers keep their ancient traditions
when she says that "a meal without olive oil is boring". (1)
and still harvest the olives (4) _i hand. "We
knows when the M editerraneans first fell in love with
olives because it was before people wrote and kept records. harvest in the traditional w ay", says Don Celso, an i
However, there is some evidence that people began growing
olive trees around the Mediterranean Sea approximately olive farmer from Tuscany, Italy. "It is less expensive

6,000 years ago. The Mediterranean countries still (2) to do it with machines but it's more a social thing.
99% of the world's olive oil with Spain being the world's
biggest producer. Twenty people come to help with the harvest and

we pay them in oil".

Ancient civilisations used olive oil ( 5 ) ______

money and medicine. They even used it during war

From ancient times (3) _ today, the basic process of - they would heat it up and drop it down on the

producing the oil is the same. First, farmers crush the enemy! (6) days, it is still used in religious

olives. Then, they take the liquid and separate the oil from ceremonies as it was in ancient times. It is also great

the water. for making fish and cheese stay fresh. There are

oil soaps.

D Find the words 1-5 in the text and match them to their definitions a-e.

1 evidence □ a something like water that you can pour easily
b a series of things that you do to make something
2 process □ с reasons for believing that something is or isn't true
d an illness; something that makes you very sick
3 liquid □ e a large group of people with its own culture

4 civilisation □

5 disease □

E Choose the correct words to com plete the _

sentence in Exercise C. Exam

1 lunch / good / unhealthy / old Choosing the correct option
2 eat / on / from / for * First, read all the text to find out the topic
3 makes / likes / protects / healthy
4 fat / thin / infection / sleep and to get the general meaning.
* Then go back and read each sentence with a
Read the text and choose the correct word for each space.
For each question, mark the correct letter, a, b, с or d. gap carefully. Make sure you read the complete
sentence. Think about the type of word that
1 a Anyone b Everyone с No one d Someone could fit in each gap.
* Read the options. Then read the sentence
2 a better b want с buy d produce again with each option in the gap. Which word
fits the best?
3 a since b for с through d until * Be careful and write the correct option on the
exam paper. Go back and check again!
4 a by b in с on d with
F Read the Exam Close-up and the
5 a as b at с on d of Exam Task. Then carefully read
each sentence in the text with a gap.
6 a There b These с This d Those
G N o w com plete the Exam Task.
7 a lightest b lowest с healthiest d smallest Rem ember to check your answers.

8 a amounts b groups с lots d numbers

9 a food b dish с diet d plate

10 a give b offer с share d show

One important study showed that Mediterranean

people have the (7 ) hearts in the western

world. This is partly to do with frequently using

olive oil. Other studies have shown that using olive

oil can help to protect people from some types of

jdiseases. The world is beginning to understand

the advantages of using olive oil and it isn't an

unusual thing to see on dinner tables outside

the Mediterranean region anymore. The olive oil

producing countries now sell large ( 8 ) of olive

oil to countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and

South America.

Olive oil improves the lives of people everywhere

when it is part of a well-balanced (9 ) Ancient

people knew about its benefits and modern science has

confirmed them. Luckily, the Mediterranean people are

happy to ( 1 0 ) their secret with the world.

* Is your country famous for a particular type of food? Do Ideas Focus
you enjoy it? Why? / Why not?

* Do you prefer to eat at a restaurant or at home? Why?
* Would you rather eat a salad or vegetables with your main

meal of the day? Why? / Why not?

О Food, Food, Food!

М оО Л \0 1 А \(л Щ

A Num ber the foods in the picture.

1 pizza 6 sweetcorn

2 aubergine 7 rice

3 eggs 8 cupcake

4 wheat 9 chicken

5 broccoli 10 croissant

В Copy and complete the table with the words from Exercise A.

Grains and Fruit and Protein and Sugar and
cereals fat
vegetables dairy

С Circle the odd ones out. 5 bite breakfast chew
6 horrible delicious mix
1 thirsty hungrybread 7 fridge jug bowl
2 dessert starter lunch 8 fry stir knife
3 kitchen chop peel
4 grill boil meat

D Complete the sentences with some of the words from Exercise C.

1 Don't_____________ the egg in this oil.
2 Have we got a _____________ for the chicken and rice to go in?
3 It was a great restaurant. The strawberry and ice-cream

_____________ was delicious!
4 T h e _____________ isn't working. All the food is warm.
5 Please_____________ the apple for the baby - he can't eat the skin.
6 I'll need a sharp knife t o _____________ the brocolli.
7 You have t o _____________ the sauce, so it doesn't stick.
8 Don't_____________ with your mouth open! It's horrible!

E Read the text and choose the correct answers.

The story of the hamburger

The (1)----------- hamburger is one of the most popular foods in the world, but where did it come from?
Nobody really knows.

One theory is that about 800 years ago Mongolian soldiers, who didn't have (2 )_____________ or cookers, put meat
under their saddles while they rode their horses to make it soft. In the evening they ate the meat without cooking it.

Another story is that immigrants to America from the city of Hamburg in Germany brought their 'Hamburg steak'
with them - a type of (3)_____________ meat in (4)_____________

Or perhaps Otta Kuasw from Hamburg made the first hamburger. Otto (5 )_____________ meat with
(6 )----------- , fried it and put it between bread and sold it to young, hard-working and (7 )_____________ sailors
for their (8)------------ When the sailors went back to America they asked their families to make the same thing
and so the hamburger was born.

1 a horrible b delicious с breakfast 5 a chewed b bit с mixed
2 a meat b food с fridges 6 a breakfast b eggs с starter
3 a fried b peeled с stirred 7 a starter b kitchen с hungry
4 a bowl b bread с kitchen 8 a dessert b lunch с meat

20

fymw\№\t\r F W rite sentences with the Past Continuous
in your notebooks.
Past Simple
1 the students / not eat / breakfast / in the
A Read the sentences below. W hich sentence has a classroom / this morning

regular verb in the Past Sim p le? 2 we / not have / lunch / at one o'clock today
3 ? / you / make / cupcakes / all morning
1 Natalie went to the shops, bought a pizza and took it
home. 4 this time last week / we / sample / French
cheese
2 I cooked fish last week.
3 James had croissants for breakfast every day when he 5 my sister / peel / potatoes / for hours this
morning
was in France.
6 ? / Cathy / prepare / dinner / on her own /
В Match each sentence in A with one use of the Past last night

Simple below. □ G Com plete the sentences with the correct
a past routines and habits form of the Past Simple or the Past
Continuous of the verbs in brackets.
b actions which happened one after the other in □
the past

с actions or situations which started and finished □ 1 We
in the past (eat) some ice cream after we
(finish) cleaning
Past Continuous the kitchen.

Read the sentences below. H ow do w e form the Past (Joey / call
continuous? you while you
(watch) Jamie Oliver's cookery programme7
1 Jennifer was watching TV while her mum was cooking
dinner. 3 My d a d __________________________
(cook) dinner on Saturday because Mum
2 It was raining, the wind was blowing and we were ___________________________ (be) ill.
shaking from the cold.
4 The children
3 I was making coffee at seven o'clock this morning. (order) pizza when I
4 Dad was chopping carrots when the phone rang. (walk) into their bedroom.

Match each sentence in С with one use of the Past 5I (not / fry) the
Continuous below.

a an action that was in progress at a specific □ hamburgers,
time in the past, □
□□ (grill) them. They're healthier that way.
b two or more actions that were in progress
at the same time in the past, 6 Karen__________________________
(make) lunch while Peter
с an action that was in progress in the past (set) the table.
but was interrupted by another action,
(they / have) a barbeque when it
d to give background information in a story. (start) to rain?

IBe careful -----------------------(you
Remember that we don't use stative verbs in continuous / order) a dessert after you
* tenses.
(have) your
О Grammar Focus p.163 (2.1 & 2.2) main course?

E Complete the text with the Past Sim ple of the verbs in brackets.

i Pizza, pizza, pizza!

Most people, love pizza and it's been around for a very long time. (1)
(you/ know) that something similar to pizza was prepared in Ancient Greece? The Ancient Greeks

(cover) their bread with oil, herbs and cheese. The Romans later
(3 L _________________ (develop) placenta, which was a type of bread with cheese, honey
and bay leaves. However, pizza as we know it (4 )____________________(originate) in Italy as a
Neapolitan pie with tomato.

A lot of people enjoy making their own pizza, and there's even a World Pizza Championship
which is held every year in Italy. People also try to break the record for the largest pizza. The
current record was set in Johannesburg, South Africa. The pizza (5 )____________________ (be)
37.4metres in diameter. Many people (6 )____________________ (work) together for many hours
to get this record. Some (7)____________________ (make) the base and others

. (grate) the cheese. They used 500 kg of flour, 800 kg of cheese and
9YU0U0 kg of tomato puree. The result was one enormous magnificent pizza!

_

Lns+eiiiv\V )

2.13 D Read the numbers
below. Then listen and choose
the correct option a, b or c.

1 a 2010 b 2011 с 2025

2 a 35 b 25 с 29

3 a 550 b 150 с 950

4 a 25th b 21st с 26th

5 a 250 b 260 с 160

В Imagine that you are listening to

a chef talking about the restaurant
where he used to work. Look at the
possible answers below and w rite
down what the questions could be.

а 6 months b 1 year с 2 years

a pasta dishes b pizzas с seafood risottos Exam ui

a he didn't like the restaurant owner Listening for numbers
b to start his own restaurant
с to work in a different type of restaurant Before you listen, read the
questions carefully and check you
Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task below understand the topic.
and underline the important words and numbers.
Underline the important words,
2.23D Listen and com plete the Exam Task. numbers or dates in the main
question and a-с options.
____________________ Exam Task
Be careful with numbers and dates!
Sometimes they sound very similar.
When you listen the second time,
check your answers carefully.

You will hear a radio interview about a restaurant festival. For
each question, circle the correct option a, b or c.

1 How many restaurants took part in the festival in 2009? What does the Gourmet Odyssey offer people?
a over 415 a four courses in four different restaurants
b over 800 b travel between the restaurants in a bus
с over 450 с the chance to meet the chefs

2 What does each restaurant do at the festival? How much does the walking version of the Gourmet
a offer classes to the public with their favourite chef Odyssey cost?
b prepare a special menu a £35
с offer four different dishes in a menu b £95
с £135
3 How does the festival help charities? Faye Wallis says ...
a It provides meals for people living on the streets, a Gordon Ramsey will cook every night,
b It donates money to a charity for people living on b all the London Eye capsules will become
the streets.
с It has set up a website for people living on dining rooms,
the streets. с Gordon Ramsey's meal will raise money for charity.

2.2 3 D N ow listen again.

22

S p e ^ k :iw < 5 ) Useful Expressions L

A Work with a partner and answer these questions. Using adjectives
It looks / seems to be + adjective
* Can you cook? What can you cook? I think they / he / she are + adjective
* Who normally does the cooking at home? That is / isn't good for you because it's + adjective
* What's your favourite food and what food do you never eat? Why? I often eat / don't usually eat that because
it's + adjective
В Choose the correct adjective to com plete the sentences. I like /don't like that because it's + adjective

1 The chocolate cake with strawberries was delicious / horrible. Using different adjectives
I ate three pieces! * When you describe people or things

2 This chicken is undercooked / overcooked. It's black! try to use lots of different adjectives.
3 My dad really loves bland / spicy food, like a hot, Indian curry. * Try not to use adjectives like nice, goo d
4 This salad looks really tasty / tasteless! It's bright and
or bad all the time.
colourful / grey. * Look carefully at the photo first and
5 Some people don't like the bitter / sweet taste of lemons.
6 Too much healthy / processed food isn't good for you. think about positive or negative ways to
7 They usually eat grilled / fried fish because it is healthier. describe the things you can see.
8 I waited a long time for these eggs and now they're cold / hot! * You can also give your opinion and say
if you like or dislike what you see.
С Read the Exam C lose-up. Then work with a partner

and make a list of all the food and drink you can see
in each photo in the Exam Task below.
Choose adjectives from В to describe them.

D Now complete the Exam Task. Use the

Useful Expressions to help you.

I Exam Task

Student A looks at photograph 1 and describes what he
or she can see. Student В listens. Then student В describes
photograph 2 and student A listens.

ll Ideas Focus

* Do you enjoy eating fast food? W hy? / Why not?
* Do young people still eat lots of traditional types of food?

Why / Why not?

1^

О Food, Food, Food!

У о с а [?1л \а г \\ C om plete the sentences with the words from
Word formation the table in A.

A Copy and complete the table. 1 What a nice old restaurant! Reds, yellows, dark
blues - it's s o _____________ I

noun verb adjective 2 There were a lot o f_____________ waiting to
(1) colour coloured/colourful get into The Hum m ingbird Bakery.
(2)
taste tasty/tasteless 3 Look at all those different types of cake! I
tradition X (3)
decision (4) can't_____________ which one to get for mum.
(5) decisive
choice choosy Which one do you think I should _
custom/ (6) X customary
(7) mixed/mixing ?
mixture trendy
bright 4 They left the dark street and went into the
(8) X (10) _____________ restaurant with lots of colourful
(9) brighten lights.

variety vary 5 Hot dogs are a(n)_____________snack served
at American baseball games.
С Complete the text with the correct form of the words.
6 Can I have another biscuit, please? They're
v e r y _____________

7 That new cafe might be modern and
___________ , but they make terrible coffee!

8 The quality of vegetables you can buy can
_____________ from market stall to market stall.

9 I had a _____________ of vanilla, chocolate and
strawberry ice-cream for dessert.

The Hummingbird Bakery

Do you like sweet things? Love sugar? Dream about chocolate? If you
do then 'The Hummingbird Bakery' in London is the place for you.

These shops are full of the most delicious and (1 )_____________ COLOUR
cupcakes you can imagine. These (2 )_____________ treats are so TASTE
popular that there are now three branches of the bakery in London
with a fourth planned for next year. The first bakery opened in 2004 TRADITION
after a group of Americans couldn't find (3 )______________American-
style cupcakes anywhere in London. They decided to make their own DECIDE
and sell them. It certainly proved to be a great (4 )_____________ ! CHOOSE
CUSTOM
Those who visit the bakery will definitely be spoilt for (5 )_____________ ! MIX
But the favourite with the (6 )______________is the 'Red Velvet Cupcake'.
This is a delicious (7)______________of bright red vanilla cake with cream TREND
cheese and chocolate on top. BRIGHT
VARY
The newest shop to open in London is in (8 )______________Soho. It is

decorated with (9 )______ -coloured cupcake art and a large TV

screen showing the bakery's 50 different (10)_____________ of cakes.

So if you're in London and you didn't have a dessert at lunchtime, why
not drop by and try the delicious delights the Hummingbird Bakery has
to offer.

Ideas Focus It is difficult for you to decide what to have when you are
in a restaurant? Why? / Why not?
Do you like to taste new things? W hy? / Why not?

fymw\ft\ar

used to & would
A Tick (/) the sentence w here u se d to can be replacedwith w ould.

1 Lisa used to like olives when she was young.
2 My grandmother used to make her own pastawhen she lived in the countryside. !

В Complete the rule with u sed to and w ou ld .
* can be used to talk about states or repeated actions in the past, b u t___________________
can only be used to talk about repeated actions in the past. It cannot be used to talk about past states.

be used to & g e t used to
С Look at the sentences and answer the questions.

1 I am getting used to eating healthy food.
2 I am used to eating healthy food.
a Which sentence refers to something that is already usual or familiar? j j
b Which sentence refers to something that is becoming familiarnow?

D Complete the rules with be u se d to and g e t u se d to .
* We use____________________ + verb + -ing or a noun to talk about actions or states that are usual or familiar. W e use
___________________ + verb + -ing or a noun to talk about actions or states that are becoming familiar to us.

О Grammar Focus p.163 (2.3 & 2.4)

E Tick (/) the sentences w here the words in bold can be replaced with w o u ld .

1 My mum used to give us croissants every Sunday morning.
2 These chocolates used to cost much less.
3 Did you use to like vegetables when you were younger?
4 We used to have picnics at the beach every weekend.
5 I didn't use to own a fridge, but now I do.
6 David used to eat a lot of rice when he lived in China.
7 Our cat Max used to hide its food in the garden.
8 Did Susan use to be slim when she was at university?

F Choose the correct answers.

1 I having bread and cheese for breakfast.

a am used to b used to с am getting used

My cookery teacher _ be a chef.

a is getting used to b is used to с used to

preparing food when you lived at home?

a Did you use to b Are you getting used to Were you used to

Jessica loved India, but sh e the spicy food.

a didn't use to b couldn't get used to used to

Maria and Natalie the lunches at their new school's canteen

a are getting usedto b used to с get used to

watching his weight? b Is Ted used to с Is Ted getting used
a Did Ted use to

I eating anything I wanted before I went on a diet.

a was used to b am getting used to с used to

help your mum set the table?

a Did you get used to b Did you use to с Were you used to

\Ain+'m<5): a review

Learning Q

Ordering adjectives
When you have two or more
adjectives before a noun, remember
to put them in this order: opinion
(delicious), size (tiny), age (old),
shape (square), colour (purple), origin
(German) and material (silk).
When you have two adjectives of
the same kind before a noun, put
and between them and put them in
alphabetical order (black and white).

A Tick (/ ) the correct sentences and then correct the order of adjectives in the wrong ones.

1 The waiters were wearing blue nice uniforms.
2 We sat at a big round table by the window.
3 Have you been to the Chinese fantastic new restaurant?
4 Please change this dirty old tablecloth!
5 The walls are decorated with modern interesting pictures.
6 There were lovely fresh flowers on the table.
7 I recommend our tasty little pizzas.
8 It's worth a try if you're thirsty and hungry.

В Read the writing task below and then decide if the statem ents are T (True) or F (False).

You recently had a meal in a new restaurant. W rite a review o f the restaurant fo r your school magazine
giving your opinion and saying why you w ould / w ouldn't recomm end it. (100 words)

1 You should write about some food you enjoyed.
2 The review is for people the same age as you.
3 The review can be either positive or negative.
4 You should say why you liked or didn't like the food.
5 You need to say if you think other people should go to the restaurant. [

С Read the example review and com plete it w ith the adjectives in brackets in the correct order.

Gino's: a good choice for hungry shoppers

Are you bored with (1) (grey / tasteless) fast-food? Next time you are hungry, why not pay a

visit to the (2) (Italian / new) restaurant, Gino's?

I was shopping last weekend when I saw the (3) (colourful / modern) restaurant in the
city centre, so I decided to try it. I had a (4) (healthy / smal starter of grilled aubergine
and chicken pasta for my main. The aubergine was (5) (tasty / sweet)
was delicious. and the pasta

Gino's is a(n) (6) (easy-going / small) restaurant with (7) (red / lovely / cotton)

tablecloths, trendy pictures, and (8) (young / friendly) waiters. It's the perfect place for

lunch for everyone!

D Read the example review again and answer these questions.

1 Is the title a good one for this review? Why? / Why not? Recommending
2 How does the writer attract the reader's attention in Paragraph 1?
3 What adjectives does the writer use to describe the food? I highly recommend ... □
4 What other descriptions does the writer give?
5 Who does the writer think the restaurant is good for? I wouldn't /don't recommend ... □

It's the perfect place /cafe / restaurant for.. * □

It's the worst.. □

E Complete the plan for the example review with Adjectives for food Adjectives for
restaurants
these descriptions. bitter □ scruffy □
undercooked □ dirty □
a Describe the meal you ate. □ Paragraph 1 overcooked □ trendy □
b Give your opinion of the restaurant colourful □ bright □
□ Paragraph 2 delicious □ old-fashioned □
and make a recommendation. □ Paragraph 3 healthy □ expensive □
с Give details about the restaurant. □ Paragraph 4 unhealthy □ slow □
d Introduce what you are reviewing. bland □ unfriendly □
processed □ rude □
F Read the Exam C lose-up and the Exam Task. Do you need tasty □
tasteless □
to write a positive or negative review ?

G Read the U seful E xpressions and w rite P (positive) or N

(negative) for each one.

H Complete the Exam Task. Rem em ber to make a plan before

you start and to think about different adjectives you can
use in each paragraph.

Exam Task Exam up

You recently ate at a new restaurant b u t you Making your writing interesting
were very unhappy with your meal.
* It is a good idea to use lots of different vocabulary
Write a review of the restaurant for your school in your writing to make it more interesting.
magazine. Give your opinion and say why you
wouldn't recommend it to others. (100 words) * When you are planning in the exam, think about the
words you can use to describe people, places or
things.

* Try to use lots of different adjectives and not the
same ones all the time.

2 fyretk Olives

Before you watch

A How much do you know about olives? Look at the statements below

and w rite T (True) or F (False).

1 Green, black and brown olives each come from a different type of tree.
2 The olive branch is a symbol of peace.
3 Olive trees are easy to recognise.

While you watch

В W atch the video and see if your answers for A are correct.

W atch the video again and circle the words you hear.
1 In fact, most people wouldn't know / recognise an olive tree.
2 Some trees have been alive / lived for thousands of years.
3 If people want to end a war, they are said to 'offer an olive tree / branch'.
4 You can make a kind / type of tea from the leaves.
5 To produce the best liquid / oil, olives are collected and processed once they have become black.
6 They're very important / valuable for vitamins and their oils are very healthy.

After you watch

D Com plete the summary of the video below using these words.

account associated assume carries evidence incorrect live produce

On the Greek island of Naxos, olives grow in many

sizes and colours. Many people (1)___________________

that they come from different kinds of trees, but this is

(2) Green olives are young and

black ones are older. It is usually the black olives that

are processed in order to (3)____________________ oil.

Greek olives (4 ) for a lot of the

world's olive production.

Olives have been an important part of life in Greece
for many thousands of years. For example, in
ancient stories of gods and goddesses, Eirene,
the goddess of peace, (5 )____________________an
olive branch. Today, around the world, the olive
branch is still (6)____________________ with peace
and the end of wars.

Olive oil is also said to have remarkable
health benefits. There is even
(7 )____________________ that those who
use it (8 )____________________ longer.

Ideas Focus * Do you and your family eat a lot of olives, or use a lot of
olive oil? Why? / Why not?

* What other foods do you know that have health benefits?

28

'Review \ Units 1 & 2

A Circle the correct words.

1 Do you want to have / get a large family when you are older?
2 My sister pay / keeps a diary, but she won't let me read it.
3 We should pay / get a visit to the new Italian restaurant in town.
4 My cousin is getting / keeping married in the summer.
5 Suzie was so upset when she dropped her father's birthday cake. She fell / had to pieces.
6 Can you have / keep a secret? I'm in love.
7 The meal was so delicious that my mother paid / got the chef a compliment.
8 David's met a wonderful girl and they've got / fallen in love.

В Complete the word groups with these words.

fry look like main course middle-aged plate reliable sweet unkind

1 young elderly ____________________ 5 boil grill
2 jug bowl ____________________ 6 similar take after
3 dessert starter ____________________ 7 tasty delicious
4 generous honest ____________________ 8 lazy nervous

С Complete the sentences with both words.

1 decide decision custom customary

a Vicky can never make a ____ a It's________________ to offer a visitor a cup of
about what to order in a restaurant. tea or coffee when they arrive,

b Can w e ____________________ what to eat for lunch b There is a here of cooking
today?
special vegetables on Christmas Day.

choice choosy bright brighten

a My mother is very____________________ about a Light colours the restaurant
what meat she buys. and make it very relaxing

b 'There's not much on the menu, is b There is a very_____________ light in the
there?' she said, kitchen.

mixture mix variety vary

a His hamburger was a ____________________ of fried a There are a _______________ of pizzas to
meat and eggs put between bread. choose from,

b Would you like t o ____________________ the b The restaurant tries to the
chicken with the rice? menu every day.

D Complete the sentences with these prepositions,

after down for like out

|1 My father is looking a cousin in Australia.

2 I take my mother; I have her sense of humour.

3 Do you think she looks _________________ her older sister or her grandmother?

4 We're trying to find more about our family tree.

5 Traditional stories are passed ________________from generation to generation.

29

^ \т ш ь (л г

A Com plete the sentences with the Present Simple, the Present Continuous, the Past Simple or the Past

Continuous of the verbs in brackets.

1 You_________________________________ (be) disgusting! You (always / eat) with
your mouth open!

2 I (miss) my favourite cookery programme on TV last night. What time
(it / start)?

3 Shelly_________________________________ (not / see) her parents very often, but she
________________________________ (often / visit) her grandparents.

4 A three-course meal at Mama M ia __________________________________(cost) about £45 per person.

5 W e all_________________________________(know) that fruit and vegetables------------------------------(be)
very good for us, b u t__________________________________(we / eat) enough each day?

6 Mum _________________________________ (make) pizza for lunch when sh e__________________________________(realise)
that she_________________________________ (not / have) any cheese. W e __________________________________(have)
sandwiches instead!

7 I _______________________________ (think) of cooking chicken on Sunday. W h a t-----------------------------
(you / think)?

8 Bill_________________________________(not / be) a chef, but h e __________________________________ (work) at a
restaurant in town at the moment.

9 Pete and Lucy (spend) last weekend with us.

10 _________________________________(the children / enjoy) the party on Saturday?

11 Sam _________________________________ (have) eight sisters!_I __________________________________ (have) only got one.

12 Carrie_________________________________ (go) to the doctor's yesterday and h e ----------------------------
(tell) her about the importance of a well-balanced diet.

В Circle the correct words.

* 1 I found an / the information about olives on the Internet.
2 Physics is / are my brother's favourite subject at school.
3 Please buy some cheese and any / some bread when you're at the supermarket.
4 There are a number of / a lot good restaurants down by the sea.
5 Put a little / few olive oil on your salad and it will taste delicious.
6 I'd like a sandwich and a can / cup of coffee for lunch, please.
7 How much / many spaghetti do you want?
8 Men enjoy / enjoys cooking - lots of chefs are men.

С Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences. Use the words
in bold.

1 We don't eat out during the week any more, used
W e _______________________________________________during the week.

2 Sooner or later your new school won't feel so strange, get
Sooner or later, yo u ______________________________________________ your new school.

3 Cooking for lots of people is nothing new for Geoff, is
G eoff_______________________________________________for lots of people.

4 Tammy didn't eat meat when she was younger, use
Tammy_______________________________________________ meat when she was younger.

5 Looking after a small baby is something new for my sister and her husband, not

My sister and her husband after a small baby.

6 Mum used to read me stories when I was young, would

Mum me stories when I was young.

30

The W onders o f Nature

m ultiple-choice questions, understanding text types

Vocabulary: environm ent-related words, prepositions, reading a m ultiple-choice

text first

Grammar: present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, articles

Listening: gap-fill, th in kin g a bo u t the answers first

talking about the environm ent, listening to instructions, opening

discussions

informal email, planning your work, friendly openings & endings,

useful phrases _____

The W onders o f N ature

A W ork with a partner. W h at do you usually read? A diver uses cyanide to collect fish
from a coral reef in the Philippines.
Look at the ideas below. Which ones do you Traders can receive a"high price for
read the most? reef fish in aquarium markets

books notices and posters ' '-'V f &
ebooks websites
magazines blogs
text messages adverts
newspapers postcards

В Look at the ideas in A again. W ith a partner,

decide if the information you read in each ...

gives facts
entertains the reader
is educational
gives personal opinions

Read the text quickly. W h e re could you read this
type of tex t? W h a t typ e of inform ation does it
have in it?

D Read the Exam C lose-up. Then read the Exam Task

and underline the key words.

E N ow com plete the Exam Task.

Coral polyps are truly the animals that helped make A Variety of Life
the world. For millions of years, tiny coral polyps have
been building underwater cities. T h e polyps create Living coral reefs are am azing 'cities beneath the sea'
something called limestone which they then live on that are full of life. T h e reefs develop well in the warm
top of. T h ere are huge am ounts o f limestone under oceans near the Equator. Am ong the w orld's m ost
the ocean in islands and mountains. T h ese limestone colourful places, coral reefs are full of brightly-coloured
islands and mountains are called coral reefs. Some reefs fish. Reef fish are an im portant food source for humans
and many are caught for food around the world.
are bigger than anything people have ever made. 'The
! Egyptians used it to build the G reat Pyramids. W e have The Biggest of Them All

used limestone to build many buildings, and crushed T h e G reat Barrier Reef, in Australia, is the largest reef
i limestone is used to make cement. in the world. It is 2 ,0 0 0 kilometres long. Over 4 0 0
types o f coral, 1,500 species o f fish and approximately
4 ,0 0 0 types o f mollusc live in, on and around the reef.

Each year, thousands of visitors come to see this
remarkable world beneath the waves. However, there
are rules - visitors can only visit 5% o f the reef. In
this way, they can still enjoy the reef while it remains
protected for future generations.

Threats to Coral Reefs

In recent years, a number of dangers have threatened
coral reefs and the life that depends on them. One
o f the biggest threats is an illegal way o f fishing

Exam Task Exam и

Read the text and questions below. For each Understanding text types
question, choose the correct letter a, b, с or d.
* Identifying the type of texts in an exam can help you
1 What does the writer want to do with this text? understand the information in it.
a entertain the reader
b give information about reefs * Read the text quickly to find out what kind of text it
с give advice on conservation is, e.g. a review, a notice, a letter, etc. and the type of
d advertise a place to go on holiday information it has in it.

2 What are coral reefs made of? * Then read each paragraph carefully, one at a time. What
a molluscs is each paragraph about? What information does the
b mountains writer want you to know? Try to answer these questions
с cement before you read the next paragraph.
d a kind of rock
* Use the title and any headings in the text to help you.
3 Which statement about coral reefs is NOT true?
a They are an important source of fish. 5 Which is the best summary of the text?
b They are very colourful places,
с They are usually found in deep ocean waters, a Polyps are very important because they create the rock
d They can be larger than man-made things. known as limestone, which is used to build things,

4 How is the Great Barrier Reef protected? b The coral reefs are natural wonders that are in danger
a Only a small part of the reef can be seen and we should do everything we can to save them,
by visitors.
b Just 5% of visitors are allowed to see it. с The fish from coral reefs are very beautiful and you can
с Visitors must be very strict, see them in aquariums around the world,
d The reef is not open every year.
d There are many different ways to catch fish but some of
them are not safe for the environment.

Word Fo cu s W o rk in pairs. O ne of these statem ents about the
G reat Barrier Reef is not true. W hich one do you
coral polyp: a small animal that lives in the sea think it is? Discuss your answers.
limestone: a rock that is made of calcium
carbonate 1 It is a World Heritage Site.
cement: a grey powder that is mixed with sand and 2 It is the world's largest coral reef system.
water to make concrete 3 It is one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World.
Equator: an imaginary line drawn around the 4 It can be seen from outer space.

middle of the earth
mollusc: an animal that has a soft body and is often

covered with a shell
stun: make unconscious and unable to move for a

short time

that explodes bombs in the w ater to kill as many fish Reasons for Hope

aspossible. It kills m ost living tilings and causes great T h reats to coral reefs are serious, but there is reason to
hope that they will survive. Coral reef conservation can
■damage to the reef's structure. help these tiny coral polyps, which have survived natural
threats for millions o f years, to rebuild the damaged reefs
Fishing with an extrem ely dangerous chemical called that so many ocean creatures and plants depend on.
[cyanide is another threat to reefs, particularly in the
Philippines. Fishermen put this poisonous chemical into
the reef water because it stuns the fish and they can't
move. They catch the fish easily and then sell them for
big money to aquariums or restaurants. T h e chemical
they use kills coral polyps, and causes large areas o f the
|reef to die.

Water pollution also damages reefs. In addition, w arm er
water in the oceans has been causing many areas o f
jreefs to turn white. Biologists are worried that further
warming may damage coral reefs even more.

Do you agree with protecting coral reefs from tourists? Ideas Focus
Why? / Why not?
Which structures on earth do you think can be seen from
outer space?

^ The W onders o f Nature

\/обйЬи1лгч

A Label the pictures with these words.

cave cliff coast glacier pond rainforest stream valley

В Read the text in the box and find W hat's new ?

the words to help you match 1-8 Every day we read or hear how humans are creating climate change by I
to a-h below. burning fossil fuels in huge power stations instead of using renewable energy,
such as solar power. The news is full of stories of how people are destroying
1 fossil □ a habitats natural habitats and putting animals and insects in danger of extinction.
b energy
2 conservation □
с change
3 climate d fuels However, there is some good news - scientists are still making new discoveries
e areas in the darkest parts of our rainforests, caves and coasts. We know of about two
4 natural □ f stations million species in the world, but there are probably another eight million kinds of I
5 solar □ 9 power animals and insects that we don't know about yet.
6 power □ h species

7 endangered □ However, as scientists discover these new animals and insects, they already knowI
8 renewable □ there are endangered species. Many countries have set up conservation areas to I
create safe places for them to live and be protected from humans.

Match each sentence 1-8 with the a They help to give animals and insects in danger of
sentence a-h that logically follows it. extinction a safe place to live.

1 Renewable energy is very important. [_ b The temperature of the earth and sea has gone up
2 Humans are using all the planet's fossil fuels quickly. by about 1°C in the last 100 years.
3 Many people think climate change is a big problem. |
4 Conservation areas are very important, f If we don't protect them, they will become extinct.
5 An animal's natural habitat is the place where it lives. (
6 Many animals are on the list of endangered species. | d Most of our electricity is still produced in them.

7 Solar power is available everywhere, f e It is the power we get from the sun, wind and sea.

8 Power stations are often huge. f It's important that we don't destroy the land they
live on.

g W e get it from the sun and it is very easy to use.

h It took millions of years for oil, coal and gas to form
and we are using them up too fast.

Ideas Focus * Glaciers are melting and rainforests are being destroyed.
Do you agree that it's all our fault but we can't do
anything to change the situation? W hy? / Why not?

(Я т ) Ш \ ( л У

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous

Read the sentences. How do w e form the С Read the sentences. How do you think w e form
affirmative and negative in the Present
Perfect Simple? the negative of the Present Perfect Continuous?

1 The scientist has won many prizes. 1 He is sunburnt because he has been walking on the
2 The students have just completed a project beach.

on the environment. 2 W e have been recycling for many years.
3 I can't show you how to use the camera because I 3 The explorers have been travelling through the

haven't read the instructions. jungle for ten months.
4 I've lost my map of the rainforest.
D Match each sentence with one use of the Present
Match each sentence with one use of the Present
Perfect Simple. Perfect Continuous.

a actions that have just finished [ | a for actions that began in the past and are still in
b experiences and achievements [ progress or have happened repeatedly until now [7]
с actions that happened in the past but have results that
b for actions that happened for a period of time and
affect the present [ 1 have finished, but that have results that affect the
d actions that happened at an indefinite time in the present

past □ с to emphasise how long actions have been in
progress for ( |
Be careful
|Remember that we use the Past Simple to describe I Be careful
* actions that began and ended in the past, but W e don't use the Present Perfect Continuous when
we use the Present Perfect Simple to describe * we mention the number of times an action occurred
completed actions when we don't know or don't or when we mention specific quantities. W e use the
mention when they happened. Present Perfect Simple.

О Grammar Focus p.163 & 164 (3.1 to 3.6)

E Choose the correct answers. F Circle the correct words.

1 Many explorershave to the North Pole. 1 Animal conservation became / has become
more important in the last 100 years.
a go b been с going
2 Climate change caused / has caused many
2 Nobody is here. They have to find new species in the glaciers to melt.
с going
rainforest. 3 The Giant Panda has been / was an endangered
species for years.
a gone b been
The puppy has been drinking / drank milk from
3 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay got to the top a bottle for two months.
of Mount Everest___
a since 1953 b almost 60 years ago с for almost 60 years The fisherman has been catching / has caught
50 kilos offish since yesterday.
4 Kate has been studying endangered species___
The scientists haven't finished / haven't been
a for ten years b since ten years с ten years finishing their research yet.

5 He has been collecting fossils he was a student.
с since
a for b ago

G Complete the text with the correct form of the Present Perfect Sim ple, the Present Perfect Continuous

or the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets.

Icebergs

Theword 'iceberg' probably comes from the Norwegian word 'isberg', which means 'ice mountain'. Every year about

10,000-15,000 icebergs form around the world. Although modern ships know where icebergs are now, in the past

icebergs (1)__________________________ (be) one of the biggest dangers in the sea. The famous Titanic

(2)- (sink) when it hit an iceberg in 1912 and many people (3 )___________________________ (die).

Because of this accident, thirteen countries (4) ______________________ (form) the International Ice Patrol in 1914.

Thisorganisation (5)_________________________ (give) information to ships about icebergs ever since.

Biologists (6) (study) icebergs for a long time to find out how they change sea life. When an

iceberg melts, nutrients go into the sea. Recently, scientist (7) (show) that the water near

icebergs isfull of plankton, fish and other sea life.

Scientists (8) (notice) the way icebergs fall to pieces when they are in warmer waters.

One of the biggest icebergs (9)___________________________ (break) off from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 2000.

Itwas 295km long and 37km wide! 35

О The W onders o f Nature

Us+eni В ТП1 N ow listen and complete

A Look at the notes below before you listen. W hich of the missing the notes in A.
words will N O T be numbers? Say what you think those words
might be. С Read the Exam C lose-up. Then
think about the words which
1 The average length of a Great White Shark is_____________ metres. could go in each gap in the Exam
2 The biggest shark ever found w as______________kg. Task.
3 Great Whites are in fact not all white, but mostly
4 A Great White Shark has got approximately_____________ teeth.
5 Its fastest speed is_____________ kilometres per hour.
6 is the Great White Shark's most important sense.

D К Э 1 ) N ow listen and com plete the Exam Task. Exam

You will hear an interview with a scientist who studies sharks. For each Thinking about the answers first
question, fill in the missing information in the numbered space.
* It's a good idea to understand
W ild life W atch shark investigation what type of information you need
to complete the gaps before you
Number of people who died from shark attacks in 2008. (1) _ listen.

Number of different (2) of shark. * Read the words before and after
each gap and try to think of the
Reason why sharks bite: to find out (3 ) about objects. type of words or numbers which
could complete the gap.
Sharks probably don't usually eat humans because humans have too
many (4 )_____________ * Then listen and write the exact
same words or information you hear.
Approximately (5 )___ sharks are killed by humans each year.
* In each gap you will normally need
Many sharks are now (6)_____________ extinction. to write between one and three
words.

3.2l3ll N ow listen again.

36

I A Work with a partner and answer these questions.

Why is our planet in danger?
How do people damage the environment?
How many endangered species do you know of?
Make a list in your notebook.

В Uffl Read the Exam C lose-up. Listen and

complete the instructions for the Exam Task below.

I'mgoing to describe a situation to you.

A (11____________ committee is trying to decide what

(ll_ its students could do to help

(3) . the environment. Talk together about Listening to instructions

the (4) _ . _things the students could do and * In the exam, listen to the instructions carefully
and make sure you understand what you have to
then (5) which project would be talk about.

(II____ * If you aren't sure or you are nervous, you can
politely ask the examiner to repeat the instructions.
Match the verbs 1-5 with words a-e. Then find
them in the Exam Task. * Start by talking about the first picture then discuss
each one before making a decision.

1 start □ a rubbish and litter on the beach

2 recycle □ b posters for a campaign Useful Expressions
3 plant □ с trees
4 clear up □ d a school blog Opening discussions
5 put up □ e plastic, paper and cans
Shall we start with this...? To begin with,...

Let's begin / start by looking a t ... Let's move on to ...

Now work in pairs to com plete the Exam Task. First of all,... Shall we talk about... now?

Use the Useful Expressions to help you. Exam Task

recycling cleaning up the beach a campai 1
r

Ways to jQ KempScheol sCrecflBl>g
protect the
environment

slanting trees writing a
school blog

Are zoos a good or bad idea? W hy? / Why not? Ideas Focus
Should you help to protect the environment?
Why / Why not? 37
If we don't protect the environment, what do you think will
happen in the future?

The W onders o f Nature

\lo C A \? и 1 л г ц
Prepositions

A Com plete the phrases with the correct

preposition.

1 (after / across)_____________ years of something

2 take action (on / onto)_____________ something

3 for (between / over) 20 years

4 go from here (to / in) there

5 get (for / from) _ this to this Reading a multiple-choice text first
Before you complete a multiple-choice text,
6 appear (in / into) something it is important to read all the text first.
Make sure you understand what the text is
7 get (during / onto) _ something f' about before you start to choose the correct
answers.
8 (on / at)__________ the moment When you have chosen the answers, go back
and read the text again and check that it
9 turn (at / into) something makes sense.

10 (before / on) _ something happens The stream goes from the top of the mountain
_____________ the bottom of the valley.
В Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions, Species from the rainforest have appeared

in into to over at onto before from people's garden ponds.
Bacteria on animals can get
1 We need to protect the rainforest our hands.
disappears. I can't talk right now; I'm very busy
I have been using solar power for the moment.
decade now. Twelve years in fact.
In Iceland, you can explore anything
caves to glaciers.
They are turning this land
conservation area.

С Read the Exam C lose-up and then read the Exam Task text.

How could the 'G reat Garbage Patch' be dangerous?

D N ow com plete the Exam Task. Rem em ber to read the text again when you have finished.

W hat a load of rubbish!! It's not all bad news though. ( 8 ) the moment, a conservation
group are investigating if the 100 million tons of waste can be
It's difficult to believe that (1) years of people turned (9 ) fuel and used in a positive way.
working hard to fight pollution and take action (2)
the environment, we still have a long way to go before Let's hope they take action (10) _ the 'plastic soup' now
we succeed. before it gets any bigger!
Oceanographers have discovered a huge 'plastic
soup' made from rubbish floating in the Pacific Ocean. 1 a after b about с across d over
This island of rubbish has been growing slowly for (3) 2 a around b above с about d on
3 a between b over с below d on
60 years and is now so big it goes from California 4 a in b outside с to d for
(4) Hawaii and nearly to Japan. It contains 5 a for b to с from d before
everything you could imagine, (5 ) plastic bags to 6 a after b in с at d from
children's toys and even plastic swimming pools! 7 a over b behind с onto d into
The 'Great Garbage Patch' as it's sometimes called, 8 a At b On с In d Over
causes lots of problems. One of these is the chemicals 9 a instead of b into с inside d between
it produces in the sea. These chemicals and small 10 a behind b during с before
pieces of plastic are now appearing (6) fish, and ;d on
obviously, this means the plastic-filled fish could get m
(7 ) our dinner plates!
Do you think we should recycle 100% of our household
\ o Л ° o Ideas Focus waste? Why? / Why not?

38

\т Ш \(л г D Com plete the sentences with a, an, the or

Articles 1 There is _____ elephant in the zoo elephant is nearly
40 years old.
A Read the sentences 1-6 and look
at the nouns in bold. Which words 2 John is ______ teacher.
come before 1-4?
3 millions of people speak Chinese.
1 The water in this pond is dirty.
2 A cave can be a dangerous place. 4 He plays piano very well, so his parents want to buy him
3 The trees in this forest are very old.
4 A scientist at this university has piano for his birthday.
■ discovered a new species. The
5 Sahara Desert is huge.
scientist has worked here for
I many years. 6 In 80s Jacques Cousteau became famous for his
5 Pollution is a very serious problem.
6 Have you ever seen whales in expeditions.
I the sea?
7 moon is round and it orbits Earth.
В Match the sentences in A with
8 I saw octopus in the sea octopus had eight 'arms'
the descriptions below. Which
*entence has ... 9 Everyone should try to help poor.

a noun used for the first time and 10 There is article in Times about Alps.
then mentioned again? '
aspecific plural noun? ( 11 I love _ - music, b u t music I don't like at all is jazz.
a specific uncountable noun? (
a plural noun with a general E C om p lete the text w ith a, an, th e o r -.
meaning?
asingular countable noun with a Angel Falls
general meaning? [_
At a height of 979 metres, Angel Falls is (1) highest waterfall in
f an uncountable noun with a general
the world. It is situated in (2 ) Auyantepui Mountain in Venezuela.
meaning? J
Because of its location deep in the Venezuelan rainforest, nobody in
: с"i,mplete the rules with a / an
(3) ----- outside world knew about Angel Falls until 1935. However,
or the.
(4) ----- local people called, (5 ) Pemones, knew about it for
* We use the indefinite article
H ------- with singular countable thousands of years before that. Its name in (6) Pemon language is
I nouns with a general meaning or
I when we mention them for the Kerepakupai Meru, which means 'waterfall of the deepest place'.
I first time.
In 1935, (7) American pilot, Jimmie Angel, was flying his plane
* We use the definite article
H --------- with countable and along (8) Carrao River when he discovered the falls. He went back
! uncountable nouns with a specific
I meaning or when the noun has in 1937 and tried to land his plane on top of the falls, but (9) wheels

already been mentioned. of the plane got stuck in mud. Angel and the three other passengers had

* We don't use_____________ or to walk down from (10 ) top of the falls on foot. It took them
--------- with plural nouns or
11 days, but (11) people all over the world learnt of his adventure
I uncountable nouns with a general
I meaning. and the existence of (12) waterfall. He became (13) legend

IBe careful and the falls were named after him.
We always use:
* a/an with jobs. Thirty-three years later, (14) helicopter lifted Jimmie Angel's
Sheis a biologist.
thewith instruments, unique nouns, names plane from the mountain and today it is in front of (15 ) airport at
ofrivers, deserts and mountain ranges.
Sheplays the violin. Cuidad Bolivar in Venezuela. Sadly, Jimmie Angel was hurt very badly
TheEarth is round.
Heloves the Rockies. while he was landing ( 16) aeroplane on 17th April, 1956 in
Noarticle with proper names.
Is James here? (17) Panama. He died eight months later from his injuries. His

) Grammar Focus p. 165 (3.7 & 3.8) ashes were scattered over Angel Falls.

WrHivitf): м informal email

Learning^

Including useful expressions

* When you are writing an informal letter
or email there are useful phrases and
expressions that can help to make your
writing natural. It's a good idea to learn
these expressions so you can use some of
them every time you write an informal letter
or email.

* You can start your letter or email using
friendly greetings and questions, e.g. HU,
Hello, How are you? How are things? How is
it going?

* You can end in a friendly way too, e.g. Bye,
Bye for now. See you soon. Speak to you
later. That's all fo r now. Write soon!

* There are other expressions you can use in
informal letters and emails, e.g. Sorry fo r not
answering your last email. It's great to hear
from you! I really miss you! W rite back soon
and tell me all about it. I love reading your
emails. G ood luck!

A Read the exam ple Email and underline the useful expressions the w riter has used.

To: [email protected] г ..

From: [email protected] Subject. Hi

Hi Alice!
How are things? It's great to hear from you. I really miss you!
That's an interesting project your teacher has given you. Why don't you
write about the special day we had at school a month ago? Everyone
made or gave things to sell. There were cupcakes, bread, pizza,
books, pictures and clothes. Our families came and we had a party. It
was fantastic. We made £1,600!
We gave all the money to help protect honeybees. A lot of the natural
habitat for bees has gone because people have built houses and roads

it. We need to save the bees!
Good luck with your project. Please write back and tell me about it.

Bye!
Charlotte

В Read the writing task below and then answer the questions about it in your notebook.

This is part of an email you got from a friend in England.

Our teacher has asked the class to write about the things people do to help protect the planet around
the world. I want to write about what people do in your country. Can you send me some information?

Now write an email to your friend. (100 words)

1 What type of text do you have to write? 3 What does your friend need?
4 Will it be formal or informal?
2 What will it be about?
40

С Read the example email again and w rite Exam up

T (True) or F (False). Planning your work

I The writer... * Before you start writing in the exam, think about
1 likes the person she is writing to. the information you need to include.
2 hasn't written about the environment.
3 describes an event in the past. * Read the exam question carefully and underline the
4 gives information about how people help to key points.
protect the planet.
* Decide what information you are going to write in
|D Match the correct paragraph num ber in the each paragraph - make notes.
example email with these descriptions.
a Information about the things people do * Check you have included all the points in the exam
to help protect the planet, question in a logical order.
b Information about the environment.
Useful Expressions^
| с Friendly ending with informal expressions,
d Friendly opening, asking about the reader. Friendly openings
Hi!
E Read the Exam C lose -u p and the Exam Task. Hello
How are you?
Underline all the information you need to How are things?
include in your email. How is it going?
It's good to hear from you!
JF Complete the Exam Task. Rem em ber to Useful phrases
make a plan before you start. I really miss you!
I love reading your emails.
[ Exam Task Good luck!
Sorry for not answering your last email.
This is part of an email you get from a friend in England. Friendly endings
Write back soon and tell me all about it.
I We are all making posters at school about Bye!
I renewable energy around the world. I want Bye for now.
I to make mine about renewable energy See you soon.
I in your country. Can you send me some Speak to you later.
I information about it? That's all for now.
Write soon!
Nowwrite an email to your friend giving some information
about renewable energy in your country. (100 words)

Penguins on m e ltin g ice

Before you watch

A Look at the photo and discuss these questions with a partner.

* Would you pay money to dive with sharks?
* Do you think feeding sharks should be banned?
* Which animals do you think bite more people every year: dogs or sharks?

W hile you watch

В W atch the video and decide if these statem ents are T (True) or F (False).

1 People don't want to pay a lot of money to dive with sharks.
2 Kathy enjoyed diving with sharks.
3 Jeff Torode encourages the tourists to feed the sharks.
4 You are more likely to be killed by a bee than by a shark.
5 Bob Dimond is worried that sharks are becoming afraid of people. [
6 Trista was surprised by how calm the sharks were.

After you watch

C Com plete the summary of the video below using these words.

bite confuse creatures horror inaccurate negative realise think

Many tourists go to places like Florida, Hawaii and the Bahamas to dive with sharks. Of all the
(1)----------------- in the sea, they are the most interesting to some people. Attracting sharks by
feeding them used to be common. However, in 2002, there were a large number of shark attacks
on humans. Many people felt (2 )___________________ at these attacks, and they gave sharks a very
(3)----------------- image. Feeding sharks was then made illegal in Florida and other places.
Nonetheless, the idea that sharks kill a lot of people is (4)_____________________ Each year snakes kill
more people and dogs attack more people than sharks do. Most shark attacks are just one quick
(5) ------------------ The shark rarely tries to eat the person. Researchers
(6) ____________________ that sharks sometimes
(7) ___________________ humans with the other
types of animals they usually eat, such as seals and
fish. The shark will (8 )____________________ that it
has made a mistake and leave.

Ideas Focus Do you think shark tourism should be encouraged in
places that have sharks? Why? / Why not?
Do you think it's important to protect the sea and
the animals in it? If so, what can people do to help
preserve them? W hy? / Why not?

Reading: true/false, w o rrying a bo u t new words
Vocabulary: relationship-related words, phrasal verbs
Grammar: relative clauses: defining & non-defining, tem porals
Listening: true/false, listening fo r sim ilar words
Speaking: relationships, problem solving, considering advantages & disadvantages,

giving advice
story (1), th in k in g o f ideas, organising a story / ideas, describing people

'R e a M w e ) A Food sniffer dogs

A Look at the dogs in photos 1-3. Jacques is one member of the BeщaiJ Л

Which ones do you think are 'w orking'? Brigade, a group of beagles thatwoJrkI

В W h at sort of work can dogs do? at international airports in the Unitfeodri |
States. Their job is to smell and find
W o rk in pairs and list as many jobs as illegal fruits, vegetables and other
you can think of in your notebook. foods in luggage and mail. These
С Read the article about the relationships between humans and foods sometimes bring insects and
dogs. W hat reason does the writer give for the growing number diseases which could be dannemnsl
of domestic dogs? for plants and animals. The beagle
calmly sits down next to anything
Word Focus that smells suspicious. The dog's I
human partner then checks for illega
suspicious: describes an action that makes you feel that something is wrong foods. Why beagles? They're friendlj
or illegal and cute, so they don't scare people
as they sniff through the crowds.
sniff: to smell something More importantly, beagles have an
physical disability: a physical illness or injury that makes it difficult for astonishing nose for food. The Beag
Brigade can find food in luggage and
someone to do the things that other people do packages 8 4 % of the time!
rubble: the broken bricks, stone, etc that are left when a building falls down
В Treated like a queen
I b n rrrrr-rm
Some dogs live in luxury. Tiffy, a |pvg
The friendship betw een humans and dogs possibly began Maltese, is one of these. Her owner!
14,000 years ago. Perhaps w ild d o g s b e c a m e in te re s te d in hum an Nancy Jane Loewy, treats her likea
rubbish, or humans to o k the puppies o f w ild dogs and trained queen. She carefully prepares Tiffy'sj
them to be o b e d ie n t pets and helpers. W hen humans choose the meals of meat, fish, chicken and a
parents of dogs, they can create a w onderful variety o f dogs with variety of fresh vegetables. Tiffy also
plenty o f talents and many diffe re n t looks. Here are fo u r exam ples eats yoghurt and biscuits after dinner.
o f 'a dog's life ' in th e hum an w o rld .
Loewy's husband has a very good j
job and her two sons are away at
university, so she has the time and
money to treat Tiffy extremely well,
and she truly enjoys doing it. 'I wantto
give her the healthiest, most wonde
life possible for as long as possible,'
she says.

Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task Exam
below and underline the key words.
Worrying about new words
I I Exam Task
* When you are reading a text,
at the sentences below about dogs. Read the text to decide if each don't worry when you see
| sentence iscorrect or incorrect. Write T (True) or F (False). vocabulary that you don't know.

1 Wild dogs have existed for approximately 14,000 years. * Remember that it isn't necessary
2 Humans are responsible for the different kinds of dogs in the world. for you to understand every
3 All airports in the United States use beagles to check for food. word to find the answers to the
4 Some foods are not safe because they can carry sicknesses. questions.
5 Tiffy eats home-cooked meals, not normal dog food.
6 Jessie doesn't help the patients in hospital. * In your own language, when you
7 Service dogs can do simple tasks for people who cannot walk. see a new word, you can find the
8 SAR dogs use their sense of smell to find people who are lost. meaning by looking at the words
9 Dogs that love to chase a tennis ball do not need rewards. around it. Do the same with
English.
It ispossible that one day there will be no more wolves.

E Find the adjectives below in the text and then match them with the meanings 1-6.

dangerous astonishing lovely strong obedient beneficial
listens and does what you say
not good for you
can move heavy things
very nice, beautiful
good for you
very surprising

С Animal carers

Jessie is a whippet that visits very sick children in hospital. She shows them
her love and gives the children a chance to exercise. When they feel down,
Jessie makes them happy. Jessie helps patients like young Lukas Parks to
stay strong during their time in hospital.

There are many different kinds of animals that help people. We train 'service
dogs' to help people with physical disabilities. The best known service
dogs are guides for the blind. But four-legged friends perform other roles
too. They can learn to open and close doors, turn lights on and off, pick up
objects from the floor and even pull wheelchairs.

D Doggie detectives

Search-and-rescue (SAR) dogs use their amazing noses to find people.
Hercules, an Alsatian, can smell tiny clues that people leave wherever

they go. These include bacteria, small pieces of clothing and hairs.
He has found missing hikers and has searched through rubble after

ь earthquakes and other disasters. SAR dogs must be strong, obedient,
athletic and smart. Most of all, they must love to play. Trainers look
for dogs that go crazy over a favourite toy, such as a tennis ball.
Those dogs will do any job if the reward afterwards is playtime.

As workers or pets, dogs are certainly beneficial to humans in many
ways. They have a special place as 'man's best friend' and this has
helped dogs to survive in our world. Wolves and wild dogs have nearly
disappeared from the earth, but the number of pets and working dogs
continues to increase, because of their special relationship with humans.

Do you know anyone who has an animal helper? Ideas Focus
Do you think it's right to let animals work for humans?
Why / Why not?

Special Relationships

MUrqM o o a t o В C om plete the table with words in A.

A Match to, w ith , o f and on with the words below. Verb + Adjective +
preposition preposition
in love / agree / angry:
rely / keen / concentrate:___ __________________
jealous / ashamed / proud:_______
listen / similar / belong:

С Complete the text with some of the words

from A.

A relationship that breaks the ice

Explorers started to go to Everest in the early 20th century

and needed to (1)______________on local people to give them

information about the mountain. The Sherpas live on and A Sherpa guide pictured at the foot o f
Mount Everest in the Himalayas, N epal
around the Himalayas and are very (2 )_____________ of the

mountains. They can also breath the thin air because they live

so high up. Many explorers are very (3 )_____________ of this

ability because Sherpas can climb Everest more easily than

most Western climbers. However, Western climbers

(4) to what the Sherpas say about the mountain

because they want to get to the top and back down again

safely. If a Sherpa says it's not a good day to climb then

explorers usually (5 )_____________ with them. Even though

mountain explorers aren't (6) to their Sherpa

guides and they don't have much in common, they often

become life-long friends after a climb because know they

couldn't have done it without them.

D Complete the sentences with a verb or adjective

from B.

1 Jamie is really to his sister Louisa. They

both have blonde hair and blue eyes.

"Be quiet! I can't_____________ on my homework
with so much noise!"

We're very_________ of our son Daniel. He's
done very well in his exams.

I think Susie is really on Alex. She's
always smiling at him in class.

"Do these shoes_____________to you?"

My uncle is very_____________ of his car. It's very old
and dirty.

My grandmother has t o ______________on my mum to
help her with the housework.

8 She doesn't_____________ with making animals work.
She thinks it's unkind.

Ideas Focus Do you ever get jealous of other people? Why? / Why not?
Do you think it's good to rely on other people for help?
W hy? / Why not?
Do you agree that people should never be ashamed of
their family? Why? / Why not?

Relative Clauses: defining & non-defining F Use the prom pts to w rite sentences in your
notebooks. Use who, which or where.
Read the sentences and underline the relative
pronouns (who, whose, w hich , th a t, w h e re and 1 mobile phone / something / we use to call friends
when) in each. 2 cinema / place / we watch films
3 zoo / place / we see animals
1 My grandparents remember the day when they 4 teacher / person / teach young people
1 first met. 5 gorilla / animal / live in Africa
2 That's the shop where my neighbour works. 6 doctor / person / make people feel better
3 Ithink people who/that speak three languages are 7 pool / place / we go swimming
I clever. 8 camera / something / we use to take photos.
4 Isthat the man whose dog saved the little girl?
5 Did you like the poster which/that I bought you? G Com plete the text with which, when, w here

p Complete the questions below with the words and whose. Use one of the words twice.
you underlined in A.
An unusual relationship
Which of the words you underlined in A ...
a refers to people? _____________ Most people love dogs, but you don't often find
b refers to things? _____________ orangutans that are in love with them too! However,
с shows possession? _____________ Suryia the orangutan is the exception. He and his dog
d refers to a period of time? _____________ friend, Roscoe, are two animals
e refers to a place? _____________ (1) _____________ friendship is unique.

С Read the sentences below. H ow is the meaning Suryia and Roscoe live at the Myrtle Beach Safari,

different? (2) _____________ is a 50-acre nature park, in South

1 The ball which/that is over there is mine. Carolina, USA. In 2008, (3) Suryia was
2 The ball, which is over there, is mine.
riding on an elephant with the director of the safari, a lost
D Match the sentences in С with the rules below.
dog suddenly came out of the woods. Suryia jumped off
a Defining relative clauses give essential information
I about who or what we are talking about. ( the elephant and ran to the dog. They started playing
b Non-defining relative clauses give extra
I information about who or what we are talking together and have been best friends ever since. Now
I about. This information isn't necessary for the
I sentence to make sense. It is separated from the they go to the pool in the the park, (4)..
I rest of the sentence by commas.
they swim and play around. Suryia holds Roscoe by the
IBe careful
Remember that in a defining relative clause that tail and Roscoe pulls him around the water. Suryia takes
* canbe used instead of who or which, but in a non
defining relative clause that cannot be used instead of Roscoe for walks around the park and even gives him his
whoor which.
monkey biscuits.
0 Grammar Focus p.165 (4.1 to 4.3)
This friendship, (5 )______________is very unusual,
has made many people around the world smile.

E Circle the correct words.

I 1 That's the woman whose / who son won a prize.
2 Have you seen Dad's keys where / which I left on

Гthe sofa?

I 3 Can you remember the name of the hotel
■ when /where we stayed last year?

4 Summer is the time when / who everybody likes to
relax by the sea.

5 The teacher is talking to the boy whose / that always
I looks scruffy at school.
6 Where is the girl which / whose computer is broken?

47

Special Relationships

Us+еч'т^)

A Do these words express positive or

negative em otions? W rite P (positive) or
N (negative).

respect someone □ be jealous □

feel ashamed □ argue with □

trust someone □ feel let down □

be angry □ be impressed □

be proud □ be disappointed □

В 4.1 Л| Listen to four people talking and match them to how they feel.

Speaker 1 О a feels angry b feels let down
Speaker 2 a is disappointed b has argued with someone
Speaker 3 [J a respects someone b is proud of someone
Speaker 4 Q a feels ashamed b is jealous of someone

С Read the Exam C lose-up. Then read the Exam Task b elow and think about the words you might hear.

4| Л N ow listen and com plete the Exam Task. Look at the six sentences.

You will hear a boy called Danny and a girl called Cathy talking Listening for similar words
about different people in their family. Decide if each sentence is
correct or incorrect. Write T (True) or F (False). * You won't hear the exact words that
you'll read in the exam question.
Danny has a good relationship with his younger
brother. * Try to listen for similar words and
Cathy identifies with Danny's problem. phrases that describe how people feel
Danny's sister doesn't support him very much. and think.
Cathy's dad isn't interested in his children's problems.
Cathy sometimes feels embarrassed when she talks Read the exam questions and try to
about her problems. think of some similar words before you
Cathy hasn't got very good maths exam results. start to listen.

4| Л ) N ow listen again.

A Work with a partner and answer these questions. Useful Expressions 1

Are you a sociable person? Giving advice
Do you make an effort to be popular? If I were him, I'd ...
Do you have a good relationship with your I think it would be better to ... because ...
friends / family / neighbours? Perhaps he should ... then he ...
He should also...
■21 Read and listen to 1-6 below. W hich gives I really think it's best to ... because
advice, gives orders or makes suggestions? To be honest, I'd ...
Write A (advice), О (order) or S (suggestion)
for each one.

1 Don't stay up late! You've got an exam Considering advantages & disadvantages1
1 tomorrow at 8 am.
2 If I were you, I'd talk to your mum. She usually * Look at the pictures and listen carefully
I knows what to do. to the examiner to find out as much
3 They must clear up the room before they leave. ( information as you can about the situation.
4 I think it would be better if he said sorry to her.
5 Shall we invite Marta to the party next week? * Think about the advantages and
6 He shouldn't waste so much time playing video disadvantages and talk about each option
I games all day. before you decide on the best one.

С Read the Exam C lose-up. Then look at the Exam Task * Remember, there are no right or wrong
answers so you can say what you think.
below and decide w hat you think the problem is.

______________ Exam Task

Vourfriend Mark has been invited to a party the night before an exam.

* What is the problem?
* What are the options?
* What are the advantages and disadvantages of each option?

Talktogether about what he should do then say which would be best.

* If you had a problem with one of your friends, would you Ideas Focus
speak to him / her about it? Why? / Why not?
What's more important to you: your education or your
friends? Why?
Do you ask for advice when you have a problem? W hy? /
Why not?

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