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c. 570 | Birth of Muhammad.

1912

Founding of Islamic Union (Sareket Islam), a modernizing movement in SE Asia.

1918 | Fall of Ottoman Empire. League of Nations grants Britain mandatory status over Palestine and Iraq, and France over Lebanon and Syria.
1923 | Republic of Turkey established. Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) is first president.
1927 | Tablighi Jamaat reform movement founded in India.
1928 | Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) founded in Egypt.
1941 | Jamaat-i Islami reform movement founded in Lahore, India.
1945 | Indonesia becomes independent republic.
1945-60s | Islam spreads to the West with mass migrations from Asia, Africa, and India.
1947 | Pakistan founded as an Islamic nation. Islam becomes a minority religion in India.
1957 | Independent Malayan state established with Islam as the official religion but guaranteed tolerance.
1960s | Familes from SE Asia and North Africa emigrate to Europe and the Americas.
1979 | Shah of Iran is overthrown by Ayatullah Ruhullah Khumayni, who establishes strict fundamentalist rule of Shi'a principles.
late 1990s | Taliban come to power in Afghanistan.
2001 | Muslim extremists attack the United States.
2003 | Saddam Hussein ousted by Western forces.

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There are certain special holidays which Muslims world-wide celebrate or consider holy. Other days are specific to Sunni or Shi’ah Muslims depending on beliefs and location.

Holy days (or holidays) in Islam:

Muharram (Islamic New Year)

Ashura (celebrating Moses exodus day and for Shi’ah Muslims, commemorates the anniversary of the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali) )

Mawlid al-Nabi holidays (Muhammad’s Birthday)

Ramadan begins (the holy month of fasting)

Eid al-Fitr (Ramadan ending holidays)

Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca

Arafat Day (9th day of month Dhu’l-Hijjah or Hajj, unity day at Arafat mountain)

Eid al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice holiday)

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The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God. It is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language.

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Islam Religion is Monotheistic because they only have one god and one god only.

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                                                                                                                                                                                       Important People...

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                                                                                                                                                                                       Important People...

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Muhammad is known as rasul Allah, or God's Messenger to the Arabs, and to all of humanity. He was born in Mecca ca. 570 C.E., and died in Medina in 632. Most of what we know about Muhammad comes from theQuran, but we also have biographies written in the century after his death (called the sirah) and the hadith. Some general histories contemporary with the sirah are also useful sources of information about Muhammad's life.

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Islam is a monotheistic religious tradition that developed in the Middle East in the 7th century C.E. Islam, which literally means "surrender" or "submission," was founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as an expression of surrender to the will of Allah, the creator and sustainer of the world. The Quran, the sacred text of Islam, contains the teachings of the Prophet that were revealed to him from Allah. Essential to Islam is the belief that Allah is the one and true God with no partner or equal. Islam has several branches and much variety within those branches. The two divisions within the tradition are the Sunni and Shi'a, each of which claims different means of maintaining religious authority. One of the unifying characteristics of Islam is the Five Pillars, the fundamental practices of Islam. These five practices include a ritual profession of faith, ritual prayer, the zakat (charity), fasting, and the hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca). Many Muslims are characterized by their commitment to praying to Allah five times a day. One of the defining characteristics of Islam is the primacy of sacred places including Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. Muslims gather at mosques to worship Allah, pray, and study scripture. There is not a sharp distinction between the religious and secular aspects of life in Islam; all aspects of a Muslim's life are to be oriented to serving Allah. Islam expanded almost immediately beyond its birthplace in the Arabian peninsula, and now has significant influence in Africa, throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

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The star and crescent is the best-known symbol used to represent Islam. It features prominently on the flags of many countries in the Islamic world, notably Turkey and Pakistan.

Surprisingly, the symbol is not Muslim in origin. Rather, it was a polytheistic icon adopted during the spread of Islam, and its use today is sometimes controversial in the Muslim world. The crescent and star are often said to beIslamic symbols, but historians say that they were the insignia of the Ottoman Empire, not of Islam as a whole.