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The first stage is said to take place from birth to 12-18 months. This when babies are learning whether or not the world is a safe place. They are learning if people are reliable and can be trusted. This is a very crucial part in a child's development. Children with trust have been nurtured and cared for reliable. They aren't left to cry and be hungry or have a dirty nappy. " Baby develops sense of whether world is a good and safe place".
At around 7 months of age my son became very aware of object permeance. He was attending Daycare at the time and before this time he would happily be handed off to his daycare provider. Then it was grabbing on to my arms and crying and trying to crawl up me. He learned I still existed even when I wasn't in his sight. I told him every day I had to go to work, and I would be back to get him. Over the course of a month, he learned mom did come back. Now he still goes through phases of not wanting me to go but it just proves the trust he has in me. Another example of this is my son loves to run and jump and do crazy things. HE has so much trust that if I am standing near him, he attempts to jump of anything trusting that I will catch him. Thankfully I have caught him every time, but I'm trying to teach him not be SO trusting in that aspect. Especially as he gets bigger, I'm not sure how much I trust myself in catching a 30-pound toddler.

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The Second stage is about developing a sense of control over themselves. This stage happens around 18 months to 2-3 years old. Children learn that they are able to do things for themselves. They can have favorite toys, pick put their clothes, pick their food and potty training. This is when "Child develops a balance of independence and self-sufficiency over shame and self-doubt".

My son has started showing a preference over his toys recently. He has been playing with any type of car and dinosaur or reptile figure. He also knows when he wants a snack and insists on choosing what he is going to eat. If he doesn't want it, he says "No". Sometimes he gets very upset when I say no to chocolate pudding for breakfast. He also enjoys deciding he doesn't need to wear his clothes or diapers anymore. Of course, there are times when he needs corrected but he enjoys making his own decisions.

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The Third stage is about children learning to stop and think. This stage happens starting around age 3. They are learning that they want and can do all these things but can stop and think how this is going to affect them or someone else. This is when "children balance the urge to pursue goals with reservations about doing so." Children who achieve these are able to pursue their goals without being overwhelmed by guilt.
My son has not reached this yet, but I will use my imagination in this scenario.
My son might be playing a game at daycare, he wants to build the blocks like a house and maybe everyone does not want to do that. Some kids want to build cars. Him learning to make those rules of building in his own is allowing him to learn initiative. Another example would be an imaginary friend. Usually when children have these, they decide what they are doing, or their imaginary friend is doing. This is allowing that initiative to take place and telling them it's not real might result in the guilt forming.

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The Fourth Stage is when children learn what skills are valued in their society around age 5-12. This also helps shape a child's self-esteem. This is when "children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority.' This when children start comparing themselves toothers and evaluate their competency.
My scenario: My son starts playing sports.
He is at soccer and isn't able to snag the ball like everyone else on his team. He doesn't always kick the ball into the goal and misses a lot. This would give him a sense of inferiority. When we get home, I would tell him he put in really good effort, and we just need to practice as he is still new to the sport. Allowing him to know that he isn't failing and helping him practice would help build that confidence to push him to practice and he would get better just like his peers!

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This is the Fifth Stage in which children are learning who THEY are. This occurs around age 12-18. This when children learn their role they play in society. They learn to "become a unique adult with a coherent sense of self and a valued role in society. " Throughout this time kids are getting a lot of pressure from parents and school on who they expect them to be. This is when the child would decide what they want, what makes them happy, and what is important to them.
My scenario:
My son got a soccer scholarship, my husband and I really want him to pursue this and get a business degree. He isn't sure that is what he wants to do. Soccer has become a chore and it isn't fun anymore. He really enjoys his art classes but isn't sure if he would be any good. HE has to decide to want he wants for himself. I would tell him to follow his dreams and absolutely pursue art.