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Main objective: achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

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Failed in its attempt to slow down greenhouse gas emissions.

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Parties agree that commitments in the Convention are "inadequate" for meeting Convention objectives. They establish a process for negotiating stronger commitments for developed countries, thus laying the groundwork for the Kyoto Protocol.

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The world's first greenhouse gas emissions reduction treaty. The Protocol legally binds developed countries to emission reduction targets - an average of 5% by the period 2008-2012 with wide variations on targets for individual countries.

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June - President George W. Bush removes the US from the Kyoto Protocol.
The President removes the US from the Kyoto process because he argues that it puts more of the burden for reducing emissions on industrialised nations instead of developing ones.

November - Marrakesh Accords
They are adopted at COP7, detailing the rules for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, setting up new funding and planning instruments for adaptation, and establishing a technology transfer framework to support developing countries in addressing climate change.

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January - The EU's Emissions Trading
Although the EU is the world's third largest CO2 emitter, it also pursues the most ambitious climate target: to cut emissions substantially by 2030 and bring them down to net zero emissions by 2050.

Feburary - The Kyoto Protocole enters into force

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2007 - The IPCC's fourth assessment report is released 

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2007 - The IPCC's fourth assessment report is released 

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The report represents the largest and most detailed summary of the climate change situation ever undertaken, created with the help of a large number of contributors, both scientists and governmental representatives. The headline findings of the report were: "warming of the climate system is unequivocal" and "most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations."

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2010 - The Cancun Agreements are adopted 

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2010 - The Cancun Agreements are adopted 

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The Cancun Agreements is a comprehensive package adopted by governments to assist developing nations in dealing with climate change. The Green Climate Fund is established.

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In Durban, governments clearly commit to a new universal climate change agreement by 2015 for the period beyond 2020, where all will play their part to the best of their ability and all will be able to reap the benefits together.

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Governments agree to speedily work toward a universal climate change agreement by 2015 and to find ways to scale up efforts before 2020 beyond existing pledges to curb emissions. They also adopt the Doha Amendment to the Koyoto Protocol, adding new emission reduction targets for participating countries for 2012-2020.

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Parties agree a timeplan for countries to table their intended contributions for the new global climate agreement and for ways to accelerate efforts before 2020. They set up a mechanism to address losses and damage caused by climate change in vulnerable developing countries. The also enhance the implementation of measures already agreed (for instance on climate finance) and transparency of reporting on emissions.

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COP20 takes place in Lima
COP20 requires all countries to describe their intended contributions for the 2015 agreement clearly, transparently and understandably.

The IPCC's fifth assessment report is released

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The Paris Agreement on fighting climate change is the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate deal. The objective of the agreement is to maintain the increase in global temperatures well below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, whilst making efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees. The agreement aims to ensure global greenhouse gas emissions peak as soon as possible, and to balance emissions and removals of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century. Furthermore, the agreement addresses the adaptation to climate change, financial and other support for developing countries, technology transfer and capacity building, as well as losses and damage.

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4 October - In a historic vote Parliament gives its consent to the EU's ratification of the Paris Agreement
Thanks to the Parliament's consent, the Paris Agreement can enter into force in November 2016, having met the necessary conditions much earlier than predicted.

4 November - Paris Agreement enters into force

7-18 November - COP22 takes place in Marrakesh
Parties pledge to move forward on the full implementation of the Paris Agreement and welcome the “extraordinary momentum on climate change worldwide”.

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June - President Donald Trump announces his intent to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement

November - COP23 takes place in Bonn
COP23 makes significant progress toward clear and comprehensive implementation guidelines for the Paris Agreement, which will make the agreement operational.

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October - UN IPCC releases its 1.5° special report
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases a report investigating the impact of a 1.5°C rise in temperature (above pre-industrial levels). It concludes that emissions will have to be reduced more than scientists originally estimated.

December - COP24 takes place in Katowice
COP24 in Poland ends with mixed results. Countries agree on a deal putting the Paris Agreement into practice – but leave core issues about a global carbon trading system and how to respond to warnings of a temperature rise beyond 1.5°C unresolved.

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November - European Parliament declares climate emergency
The European Parliament declares a climate emergency in Europe and globally. They want the Commission to ensure that all relevant legislative and budgetary proposals are fully aligned with the objective of limiting global warming to less than 1.5°C.

December - COP25 takes place in Madrid
COP25 concludes with an agreement on increased carbon cutting, but disappoints as decisions on a global carbon trading system, clarity on concrete emission cuts and a system to channel new funding to the most vulnerable countries are postponed to the next COP in Glasgow.

December - The Green Deal
The European Commission presents the Green Deal. Using the European Climate Law, it aims to make Europe climate neutral by 2050.

December - EU to become climate neutral by 2050
EU leaders agree to make the EU climate neutral by 2050 during a European Council meeting in Brussels.

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2020 - European Climate Law: Parliament adopts its position

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2020 - European Climate Law: Parliament adopts its position

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The European Parliament approves its negotiating position on the Climate Law proposing that the EU and all member states reach climate neutrality by 2050. It also sets a more ambitious 2030 emissions reduction target of 60%.

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July - European climate law enters into force
The EU's first climate law makes reaching climate neutrality by 2050 law. It also aims to achieve negative emissions after 2050 and sets an intermediary climate target of a reduction of net greenhouse gas emissions of at least 55% by 2030.

November - COP26 takes place in Glasgow
During the COP26, countries agreed to the goal of climate neutrality; increased funding for vulnerable developing countries; and less money for new fossil fuel projects. They did not reach a common response to phasing out the use of coal.

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2022 - COP27 takes place in Sharm el-Sheikh

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2022 - COP27 takes place in Sharm el-Sheikh

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Countries agreed to create a loss and damage fund to help vulnerable countries hit by climate disasters. However, despite slow progress on phasing out fossil fuels and moving towards the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 degree Celsius limit, no new measures were agreed.