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A video clip and an article with images that explains how to purify water.

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What one thing could you never live without? Your favorite video game? Maybe a book you like or your favorite food? Sure, life would be a lot less enjoyable without those things. But people could certainly live without them, as long as their basic needs are met.

Basic needs are things that people can't live without. They include items-such as oxygen, food, sleep, and shelter-that are required for survival. Of course, there's one more basic need we could add to that list. Can you think of what it is? We'll give you a hint: it's colorless, odorless, and covers about 70 percent of the Earth. What are we talking about? Water, of course!

There's nothing like a big gulp of water to quench your thirst. Where does the water you drink come from? Is it bottled? Do you pour it from a filtered pitcher? Drink it straight from the tap? Water has a long trip to make before it gets to you through any of these sources. Before it's considered clean enough for people to drink, water has to be .

Most likely, the water you drink starts in a nearby body of water, like a river or lake. And if you've ever seen a natural body of water up close, you know you wouldn't want to drink water straight from the source. It contains natural contaminants , like dirt and . It's also often full of pollution put there by people.

How do treatment facilities clean water? They start by removing the larger . Then, they add chemicals that cause small in the water to clump together. As the water sits, these clumps come together and fall to the bottom. This makes it possible for these contaminants to be filtered out of the water.

After filtering, facilities add chemicals to the water that disinfect it. Most often, they use chlorine. Sometimes, they might use other methods of disinfection due to concerns about chlorine as a chemical. The water is then exposed to air to remove dissolved gases from it.

That's how water purification works on a large scale. But how about those water filters you may have seen in water pitchers and bottles? They work a little differently. In a filter, water has to pass through a very small space made of either a membrane or . Small are unable to pass through the filter, so they're kept out of the water you drink.

Do you live in a part of the world that has plenty of clean drinking water? If so, consider yourself lucky. to clean water is a huge problem in many parts of the world. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 2.1 billion people-about a quarter of the world population -didn't have to clean drinking water at home.

One modern solution to this issue is the LifeStraw, a 10-inch tube that filters dangerous contaminants from water as a person drinks through it. Tests show that LifeStraw removes 100 percent of bacteria and 99 percent of viruses from drinking water. Newer models even remove heavy metals, like lead. Its makers hope to bring clean drinking water to more people worldwide.

WONDERing just how clean your water is? If you're concerned, you can also boil it. That's another great way to purify water-boiling kills bacteria and viruses. You can also talk to a family member to find out where your water comes from and how it's cleaned. Then, get back to enjoying a tall glass of clean water!

ESS2.C, ESS3.A, CCRA.R.4, CCRA.L.3, CCRA.L.6, CCRA.R.1, CCRA.R.2, CCRA.W.2, CCRA.W.9, CCRA.L.1, CCRA.L.2, CCRA.SL.1, CCRA.SL.1, CCRA.R.10,

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What one thing could you never live without? Your favorite video game? Maybe a book you like or your favorite food? Sure, life would be a lot less enjoyable without those things. But people could certainly live without them, as long as their basic needs are met.

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A video clip and an article that explains what chromatography is and how to do it.

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Do you ever imagine yourself as a scientist? Maybe you'll discover a new element or even win a Nobel Prize. You could be the world's next great, like Marie Curie! If so, today's Wonder of the Day might come in handy-we're learning about a process called chromatography.

What is chromatography? It's a way to divide a into its separate components. There are a few different types of chromatography-gas, liquid, thin-layer, and paper, to name a few.

The word "chromatography" comes from the Greek words "chroma" and "graphe." Together, they mean "color writing." This is fitting, as it started as an art technique. It reaches back to the late 19th century, when people used it to separate pigments in dyes and paint.

Have you ever spilled water on a piece of paper after writing on it with a marker? If so, you may have seen chromatography in action! As water soaked through the paper, it smudged the ink. When the paper dried, you may have seen bands of many colors where there was once just one color of ink.

What happened to the ink? First, some of it dissolved into the water. The water is called the mobile phase, meaning it helped the ink move across the paper. The paper itself is called the stationary phase-unlike the water, it didn't move.

As the ink spread, carried by water, its separated. These were caught by the solid paper through a process called adsorption . Some of these are caught faster than others, meaning some move much farther across the page. That's how the colored bands ended up on the page.

What we've described is an example of paper chromatography. That means the mobile phase was a liquid (in this case, water). The stationary phase was a solid (paper). The separation itself was caused by . That means the in the ink separated due to how attracted their were to either the water or the paper.

In a lab, chemists are more likely to use a method called thin-layer chromatography (TLC). This technique is a lot like the paper method. The difference is that, instead of paper, TLC uses a glass slide as the stationary phase.

How do scientists use chromatography? It can help them study the individual substances in a . It can also help them a material by taking out extra . It's common in forensics, pollution monitoring, pharmaceuticals, and other fields.

Can you think of any other uses for chromatography? Would you like to try it out in a lab of your own one day? Maybe you'll even find a new way to carry out the process!

NGSS.PS1.A, NGSS.PS1.B, CCRA.R.1, CCRA.R.2, CCRA.R.4, CCRA.R.10, CCRA.W.2, CCRA.W.4, CCRA.W.9, CCRA.W.10, CCRA.L.1, CCRA.L.2, CCRA.L.3, CCRA.L.6, CCRA.SL.1

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Do you ever imagine yourself as a scientist? Maybe you'll discover a new element or even win a Nobel Prize. You could be the world's next great, like Marie Curie! If so, today's Wonder of the Day might come in handy-we're learning about a process called chromatography. What is chromatography?

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Reactants & Products: Baking Banana Bread

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Reactants & Products: Baking Banana Bread

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An interactive where students related the ingredients and the process of making banana bread to reactants/products and the process of a chemical reaction.

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Learn,Play and Explore by using interactive PLIX.

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A simulation where students can interact with the atoms and molecules that make up air.  An activity that would be great to use to show that air is a mixture.

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Air Matters (Classification of Matter) | Chemistry Simulations | CK-12

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Explore the composition of air and learn about the different atoms and molecules that we breathe every day.

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An interactive website where students learn about how density affects the motion of tectonic plates (whether or not the plates sink or float when they collide).

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Where are there earthquakes in North America?

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Where are there earthquakes in North America?

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Students can see where earthquakes have occurred throughout the world from 1980-1990.

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Cross Section of North America with Earthquake Data - OpenSciEd

Cross Section of North America with Earthquake Data - OpenSciEd
Please ensure Javascript is enabled for purposes of website accessibility

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Cross Section of North America with Earthquake Data - OpenSciEd

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Cross Section of North America with Earthquake Data - OpenSciEd Cross Section of North America with Earthquake Data - OpenSciEd Please ensure Javascript is enabled for purposes of website accessibility

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Students can explore how changing the amount of force and the amount of mass affects their motion.

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A demonstration where a string of 32 bead necklaces gets dropped out of a jar from various heights to demonstrate Newton’s 1st Law (inertia) and Newton’s 3rd Law (action/reaction).

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An interactive lesson where students explore Newton’s 3 laws of motion in baseball.

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Durham Bulls Pitcher: It's baseball man. You see all these kids come out. That's why I like to play, because when I was their age, I wanted to be where I am now. So that to me is the biggest part of baseball.

Narrator: But besides the sheer fun of the game, there are other parts of baseball too. Things like forces, which are pushes and pulls on objects, and motion, which is the process of moving or being moved.

Both forces and motion come into play when a pitcher throws, when a batter hits, when a ball rolls or a player soars, and when a fielder catches.

Forces and motion are fundamental to life as we know it. Without them there would be no pushing or pulling, no movement, no sliding, no throwing, no connecting, and no baseball.

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Durham Bulls Pitcher: It's baseball man. You see all these kids come out. That's why I like to play, because when I was their age, I wanted to be where I am now. So that to me is the biggest part of baseball.

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An interactive lesson where students explore various physical properties of matter.

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Sprinkle some salt into a glass of water, watch what happens over the next minute or two, and then take a swig. Actually, make that a sip not a swig, since the water will be pretty...um...salty.

Between the sprinkle and the sip, the salt dissolved into the water, meaning that the substances combined, the water became cloudy, and tasted--well, you know the rest. Of course, not all substances behave like salt does when it hits water. Gold, for example, requires acid to dissolve, and some matter does not fall apart completely, in any liquid.

Watch this video to find out more about solubility, one of the physical properties of matter. Then, answer the question under Take Notes, below. You may read the transcript to the video, and watch it as many times as you like.

Space

Pause/Play video playback

Enter

Pause/Play video playback

m

Mute/Unmute video volume

Up and Down arrows

Increase and decrease volume by 10%

Right and Left arrows

Seek forward or backward by 5 seconds

0-9

Fast seek to x% of the video.

f

Enter or exit fullscreen. (Note: To exit fullscreen in flash press the Esc key.

c

Press c to toggle captions on or off

What You'll Do

In this lesson you will learn some basic information about the physical properties that define different types of matter. You'll watch a short video and then two animations that explain these physical properties and how they are unique for each substance. After taking notes and online quizzes, you'll have a chance to review and organize what you've learned. Then you will produce your own project in which you'll describe the ways in which physical properties are observed, measured and used to define types of matter.

Take Notes

From the context of the video:

1) Why do you think gold can disappear into liquid acid?

2) Why do you think a smartphone can't disappear completely?

List your answers in the box below. Click SAVE when you have finished. To see your saved or submitted work again, click MY WORK at the top of the page.

You must be signed in to save work in this lesson. Log in

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Sprinkle some salt into a glass of water, watch what happens over the next minute or two, and then take a swig. Actually, make that a sip not a swig, since the water will be pretty...um...salty. Between the sprinkle and the sip, the salt dissolved into the water, meaning that the substances combined, the water became cloudy, and tasted--well, you know the rest.

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An interactive simulation where students can model divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries.

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Divergent Boundary

A divergent boundary (or spreading boundary) occurs where two plates move apart. Magma, or molten rock, rises from Earth's interior to fill the gap.

Earth's longest mountain range is an underwater volcanic chain 40,000 miles (65,000 km) long. Called the mid-ocean ridge, it runs down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean (surfacing at Iceland), around Africa, through the Indian Ocean, between Australia and Antarctica, and north through the Pacific Ocean. Along the top of this ocean ridge is a deep crack, called a rift valley. Here, magma wells up from Earth's interior. Cooled by the sea, it solidifies into rock, creating new ocean floor.

The mid-ocean ridge is where plates are moving apart-and therefore creating new sea floor-at a rate of about 1 inch (2.5 cm) per year. In the East Pacific Rise, the rate can be as high as 6 inches (15 cm) per year.

Sea-floor spreading at divergent boundaries continually pushes out new crust. But because of the subduction of oceanic crust at convergent boundaries, the size of Earth remains the same.

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A divergent boundary (or spreading boundary) occurs where two plates move apart. Magma, or molten rock, rises from Earth's interior to fill the gap. Earth's longest mountain range is an underwater volcanic chain 40,000 miles (65,000 km) long.

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Plate tectonic evolution from 1 billion years ago to present

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Plate tectonic evolution from 1 billion years ago to present

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Scientists condensed 1 billion years of plate tectonic movement into 40 seconds.  This video shows how the plates have moved and interacted over time.

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Plate tectonic evolution from 1 Billion years ago to the present.

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An image shows a deep sea diver between two land masses.

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Working Together

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Gear

Green Earth

Green Earth
Carbon dioxide absorption by Earth’s vegetation over the course of a year from NASA Goddard’s Scientific Visualization Studio

Lifecycle of a Strawberry

Lifecycle of a Strawberry
The “lifecycle” of a strawberry 🍓! What other creative lifecycles could we create that aren’t a butterfly 🦋 or frog 🐸 ?

Stone Towers

Stone Towers
Why do these massive stone structures occur in so many different environments?!? Why do they appear so similar–yet so different as you examine each in detail?!?

Blue Dragon River in Portugal

Blue Dragon River in Portugal

Rock Older Than the Earth
What? A rock older than the Earth

Surface Swimming

Water Hat

Whales Up

Mentos and Soda

Candle 'Trick'

Arrow vs. Concrete

Spinner Direction?!?!

What direction is this Spinner going?!?

Sledding Inertia

Prince Rupert's Drop

Butterfly Eye

Statue of Lightning

Weight Distribution

Balloons Pop

Changing Forces

Changing Forces
Objects in motion tend to stay in motion - unless they're about to hit something...HARD!  Using science - what is going to happen to this truck next?  Where will it end up?  What about the pole?  Why do you think that?

Bike Aerodynamics

Bike Aerodynamics
Bikes have been designed to be as aerodynamic as possible - what could possibly make them any faster?

Squirting Cucumber

Who Moves - sky or us?

Jellyfish: April 24, 2016

X's and O's

Trees in Winter
The picture was taken last winter in Finnish Lapland where weather can include sub-freezing temperatures and driving snow. Surreal landscapes sometimes result, where common trees become cloaked in white and so appear, to some, as watchful aliens or bizarre statues.

Snow Donuts

Columnar Basalt

Morning glories
Another iteration of Australia's famous Morning Glory, this time with multiple roll clouds. The area around Burketown is known for the phenomenon, most likely to appear between September and mid-November.

Magnetic Rotation
As the central magnet rotates, the outer lesser magnets vibrates slowly, however if the central magnet slows the velocity of it's rotation, the outer magnets spin faster.

Deer Migration

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This site is a curated collection of science phenomena for the NGSS, along with phenomenon based learning resources and help for how to use phenomenon to drive student questions in the classroom centered around 3 dimensional teaching and learning.

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Sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, and an indicator solution react to form calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas. The baggie expands quite a bit as the reaction occurs.

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Description: This video shows a chemical reaction of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), calcium chloride (road salt), and an indicator phenol red. The chemicals react to form calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas. This changes the pH inside the bag resulting in a color change in the phenol red. As much air as possible should be removed from the bag as possible to show the production of the gas. This could be used as an example of chemical reaction that releases energy (exothermic). Since the bag is sealed it could be massed before and after to show the conservation of mass (atoms). This phenomenon was submitted by Brian Babulic.

Web Resources: Reaction in a Bag - Flinn Scientific, American Chemical Society - Explanation

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Reaction in a Bag - The Wonder of Science

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Description: This video shows a chemical reaction of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), calcium chloride (road salt), and an indicator phenol red. The chemicals react to form calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas. This changes the pH inside the bag resulting i

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Clicking a button in the pack releases crystals that react with the solution in the pack to produce energy (heat).

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Description: This phenomenon uses a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate. Clicking the metal disc releases a small number of crystals of sodium acetate which act as nucleation sites for the crystallization of the sodium acetate into a hydrated salt. Energy is released from the crystal lattice. The heating pack can be placed in boiling water and the sodium acetate can be dissolved again. This phenomenon shows how bond energy can be released. It also shows the importance of chemical engineering and could lead to a section where students design a device (or application) of their own.

Web Resource: Chemical Heat Pack - Wikipedia, Snappy Heat - Amazon

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Reusable Heat Packs - The Wonder of Science

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Description: This phenomenon uses a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate. Clicking the metal disc releases a small number of crystals of sodium acetate which act as nucleation sites for the crystallization of the sodium acetate into a hydrated salt. Energy is released from t

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When Mentos mix with soda, it creates a chemical reaction and the soda “explodes” out of the bottle.

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This site is a curated collection of science phenomena for the NGSS, along with phenomenon based learning resources and help for how to use phenomenon to drive student questions in the classroom centered around 3 dimensional teaching and learning.

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When aluminum and mercury react, a very tall structure forms out of a piece of flat metal.

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Aluminum reacting with mercury 😮 #ngss #ngsschat #science

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Aluminum reacting with mercury 😮 #ngss #ngsschat #science https://t.co/7lKDbVzl1h

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Aluminum reacting with mercury 😮 #ngss #ngsschat #science pic.twitter.com/7lKDbVzl1h
— Phenomena (@NGSSphenomena) November 15, 2022

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Aluminum reacting with mercury 😮 #ngss #ngsschat #science https://t.co/7lKDbVzl1h

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.original_text
Aluminum reacting with mercury 😮 #ngss #ngsschat #science https://t.co/7lKDbVzl1h

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Aluminum reacting with mercury 😮 #ngss #ngsschat #science

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A chemical reaction involving silver nitrate forms a mirror out of glass.

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How does a chemical reaction turn glass into a mirror?!?!? #ngss #ngsschat https://t.co/3jeDobcj9f

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How does a chemical reaction turn glass into a mirror?!?!? #ngss #ngsschat https://t.co/3jeDobcj9f

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.referenced_tweets[].text
Back in the Victorian era, they made
their mirrors using silver nitrate. This
is how the process works https://t.co/7jQVlK3lg3

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How does a chemical reaction turn glass into a mirror?!?!? #ngss #ngsschat https://t.co/3jeDobcj9f
— Phenomena (@NGSSphenomena) November 17, 2022

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props_source.data.text
How does a chemical reaction turn glass into a mirror?!?!? #ngss #ngsschat https://t.co/3jeDobcj9f

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props_source.includes.tweets[].text
Back in the Victorian era, they made
their mirrors using silver nitrate. This
is how the process works https://t.co/7jQVlK3lg3

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.original_text
How does a chemical reaction turn glass into a mirror?!?!? #ngss #ngsschat https://t.co/3jeDobcj9f

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.text
How does a chemical reaction turn glass into a mirror?!?!? #ngss #ngsschat https://t.co/3jeDobcj9f

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.referenced_tweets[].text
Back in the Victorian era, they made
their mirrors using silver nitrate. This
is how the process works https://t.co/7jQVlK3lg3

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A slow motion video showing the collision between a baseball and a bat.

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Baseball and Bat Collision - Lesson 3, Unit 8.1 Contact Forces

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A slow motion video of a golf club hitting a golf ball at 4 different speeds.

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Slow motion video of golf club hitting a golf ball - Lesson 3, Unit 8.1 Contact Forces

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A little boy who is sitting still on a sled stays in place and falls off the sled when the sled suddenly gets pulled away by the dog.

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An arrow hits a concrete wall and bounces off and hits the person who threw it.

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Video clip of a golf ball staying in place after the rubber tee it is resting on gets hit out of the way and then bounces back into place and holds the golf ball again.  The golf ball stays in mid-air for a second.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.text
What is happening here?!?! Why does the ball stay in the same spot?!? How does it come back back down on the tee?!? What would a model that explains this look like?!? #ngss #ngsschat #Science #sciencecommunication

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What is happening here?!?! Why does the ball stay in the same spot?!? How does it come back back down on the tee?!? What would a model that explains this look like?!? #ngss #ngsschat #Science #sciencecommunication https://t.co/7doFKSYGym

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What is happening here?!?! Why does the ball stay in the same spot?!? How does it come back back down on the tee?!? What would a model that explains this look like?!? #ngss #ngsschat #Science #sciencecommunication pic.twitter.com/7doFKSYGym
— Phenomena (@NGSSphenomena) January 17, 2023

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props_source.data.text
What is happening here?!?! Why does the ball stay in the same spot?!? How does it come back back down on the tee?!? What would a model that explains this look like?!? #ngss #ngsschat #Science #sciencecommunication https://t.co/7doFKSYGym

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.original_text
What is happening here?!?! Why does the ball stay in the same spot?!? How does it come back back down on the tee?!? What would a model that explains this look like?!? #ngss #ngsschat #Science #sciencecommunication https://t.co/7doFKSYGym

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.text
What is happening here?!?! Why does the ball stay in the same spot?!? How does it come back back down on the tee?!? What would a model that explains this look like?!? #ngss #ngsschat #Science #sciencecommunication