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In conclusion, the journal article surrounding issues of gender inequality in the STEM fields highlights the inequalities that women face while trying to enter the field and when employed in their respective roles. The findings suggest the need for an increase in education surrounding the issue alongside helping individuals recognize these issues as many employees reported that they had an issue with identifying that there was a problem to start with. Utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and deontology all provide different ethical points of view on the topic of gender imbalance in fields such as STEM and how it relates to the UN's goal of gender equality. Based on utilitarianism, which aims to maximize every individual's happiness, reducing discrimination based on gender in STEM might bring society as a whole pleasure and advantages. To address the gender gap in STEM, virtue-based ethics emphasizes developing moral responsibility and virtuous character traits. It additionally highlights the importance of fairness, justice, and understanding. The primary goal of deontology focuses on moral responsibilities, principles, and the general implementation of ethical norms. This encourages confronting discrimination, promoting equality, and eliminating discrimination in STEM fields. Through the implementation of these ethical theories and attempting to follow the United Nations sustainable development goal women in STEM fields will be able to experience a welcoming working environment and one to which they can equally contribute.

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Differences Between Virtue, Utilitarianism, & Deontological Ethics. (n.d.). Vincent Triola. https://vincenttriola.com/blogs/ten-years-of-academic-writing/what-are-the-differences-between-virtue-utilitarianism-deontological-ethics

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Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender equality

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Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender equality

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The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 of "Gender Equality" aims to "achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls" (United Nations, 2022) Goal 5 of the framework for sustainable development contains a variety of goals, such as eliminating violence and exploitation, ending all forms of prejudice against women and girls, facilitating equitable access to services related to the health of women and their reproductive systems, promoting female leadership and financial freedom, and providing woman's equal access to opportunities and participation in every step of decision-making. The goal highlights the importance of achieving gender equality as an element of social and sustainable growth and an issue of human rights. Concerning the journal the lack of gender equality in STEM fields makes it challenging for women and girls to find careers in STEM-related areas of study, employment, and leadership. Implementing SDG 5—which strives to end disparities between genders and ensure equal opportunities for women and girls—is affected by inequality. The broader goal of gender equality becomes challenging to achieve if gender inequality in STEM fields continues. Science, technology, engineering, and math are vital for encouraging innovation, increasing growth in the economy, and encouraging sustainable development. Women's important contributions and insights go unnoticed if they are underrepresented or experience challenges in fields such as STEM. The gender gap in STEM affects women's ability to realize their fullest potential and restricts society's overall development and growth. Negative misconceptions and judgments continue to exist with the gender gap in STEM. It promotes the belief that certain careers and disciplines are best suited for men while disregarding women's abilities and passions in these areas. These assumptions limit the work opportunities accessible to women and girls, promote gender stereotypes, and hinder the achievement of gender equality as stated in SDG 5. The lack of visible female mentors and role models for aspiring women and girls in STEM-related fields tends to be a result of the inequality in this sector. Inspiring, leading, and helping individuals on their paths to higher education and employment are the primary roles of role models and mentors. Women and girls can find it hard to imagine themselves choosing jobs in STEM fields because of a lack of female role models and mentors, which could affect their chances for success and growth.

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“Utilitarianism is a theory of morality that advocates actions that foster happiness or pleasure and oppose actions that cause unhappiness or harm” (Tardi, 2022). Utilitarianism emphasizes maximizing the happiness or well-being of the greatest number of people. Utilitarians find gender disparity morally troubling since it prevents a substantial segment of the population from fully contributing to society and the economy. A lack of equal opportunity and fair treatment at work hinders women's well-being and societal advancement. By ensuring that opportunities, resources, and rewards are distributed fairly and equally among men and women, utilitarian approaches aim to improve general pleasure and societal welfare. Addressing the gender gap in STEEM areas is in line with the utilitarian goal of maximizing overall satisfaction and well-being. Society can benefit from an increased number of abilities, different points of view, and innovative ideas by promoting equal opportunities, eliminating biases, and allowing the full participation of women and girls in STEM. Increased academic, scientific, and sustainable development can come from this, several of which will eventually be beneficial to the well-being and happiness of society. Utilitarianism supports the UN's objective of gender equality by highlighting the advantages and benefits to overall satisfaction and happiness that could be made possible by considering everybody equally regarding opportunities, rights, and treatment. Societies can maximize social stability, utilize every bit of their potential, and promote sustained economic growth through promoting gender equality, each of which in turn will contribute to individual well-being and happiness as individuals and as a whole.

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A journal article published on 7th February 2023 "Barriers to gender equality in STEMM: do leaders have the gender competence for change?" conducts a detailed, qualitative analysis of opinions concerning gender inequalities, sexual harassment, sex discrimination, and prejudice based on gender within the organizations they work for, the study looks at the ability of STEMM leaders to fulfill their role as leaders of change. The complex problem caused by social, institutional, and cultural barriers is the gender gap in STEM fields. The report highlights that the participation of women in STEMM professions is a result of bias, sexual misconduct, harassment, and discrimination based on gender. STEMM workplaces continue to be against equal pay initiatives and anti-discrimination rules and regulations, despite some improvements. The report includes the Decadal Plan for Women in STEM by the Australian Academy of Science which highlights the importance of leadership in promoting gender inclusion and equality. The impact of leaders' gender awareness on influencing change is noted to require further research. The study focuses on barriers to addressing gender inequality driven by leaders' lack of gender knowledge. Since managers affect organizational views and behaviors, successful management is seen as an essential requirement for gender equality. But it is also important to assess leaders' knowledge of gender inequity and their commitment to reducing it. Problems regarding top management's role in improving gender equality are being highlighted by studies of the Australian public sector, particularly related to professional development opportunities and awareness of gender inequity. Before providing workplaces with gender equality programs, there must be an assessment of how leaders understand the issue so that key areas of misunderstanding can be addressed. The issue of gender inequality in STEEM is linked to the United Nations Sustainable Development goal of gender equality. By promoting equal chances for education and opportunities for women and girls in STEEM, Goal 5 of the 2030 Agenda aims to address these problems. This emphasizes the importance of eliminating bias, prejudice, and stereotypes based on gender to promote women's leadership and equal involvement in various industries. SDG 5 seeks to eliminate gender disparity in STEEM to help women and girls reach their full potential, promote innovation and sustainable development, and contribute to an equal and just society. In STEEM, establishing gender equality is vital for promoting social equity and overall progress toward other sustainable development objectives. Math, science, technology, and engineering advances have had an important effect on many sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, decreasing global warming, and renewable energy. We could promote innovation, solve global issues, and proceed toward an improved and fair society by ensuring sure that women and girls have equal chances to contribute to and benefit from these fields of study.

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Gender inequality in the workplace is an ethical issue that continues to affect societies worldwide. Despite considerable changes in the pay gap and opportunity issues, treatment between men and women in the workplace remains a work in progress. Utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics are three ethical theories that can be used to examine the topic of gender disparity and provide important insights into the moral consequences and potential fixes to the issue. A journal article published on 7th February 2023 titled "Barriers to gender equality in STEMM: do leaders have the gender competence for change?" looks at how leaders in the STEMM field are achieving transformative change in gender equality and the issue of resistance to change. The United Nations Sustainable Development goal of "Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls" aims to eliminate gender-based discrimination and harmful practices, as well as promote equal opportunities and rights for women and girls throughout society.

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"Virtue Ethics is a normative philosophical approach that urges people to live a moral life by cultivating virtuous habits"(McCombs School of Business, 2013). The establishment of ethical standards and virtuous character traits is the primary aim of virtue ethics. When applied to deal with the issue of gender inequality, virtue ethics focuses on the fundamental principles, ideals, and biases that encourage discriminatory behavior in workplaces. From the viewpoint of virtue ethics, eliminating discrimination based on gender requires the growth of values such as justice, fairness, and acceptance of all individuals, irrespective of their gender. This requires a culture change where individuals and organizations proactively try to create inclusive environments that acknowledge and value the various contributions of both men and women. Concerning the journal article, putting a high value on attributes including fairness, equity, empathy, compassion, and open-mindedness, virtue ethics provides an approach for addressing gender imbalance in STEM sectors. By developing these principles, individuals and societies can address and remove biases and barriers that encourage gender inequalities and build an increased equitable and inclusive STEEM environment. To promote gender equality in STEEM, virtue ethics requires the development of virtue-based qualities that can serve as an example for behaviors and attitudes. Through concentrating on the growth of virtuous character qualities, responsibility for making ethical choices, the growth of equitable societies, and the development of sustainable organizations, virtue ethics fit in alignment with the United Nations' goal of gender equality. Society can contribute to improving gender equality, as stated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5, by using virtue ethics principles.

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"Deontology is an ethical theory that says actions are good or bad according to a clear set of rules" (The Ethics Centre, 2016) The principles of deontology emphasize the importance of adhering to moral obligations and ideals. Gender disparity is viewed as unethical from a deontological perspective since it goes against the basic principles of justice and equal opportunity. Deontologists believe inequalities between genders to be ethical as it goes against the basic principles of fairness and equal opportunity. Deontologists contend that no matter their gender, everybody deserves to be treated with dignity, consideration, and respect at work. When it effectively challenges these principles when there is gender-based discrimination and inequality in opportunities, there is an ethical problem. Deontological ethics encourages a fair equitable society in which people's rights and belief in their value are respected and prejudice based on gender is eliminated. Concerning the journal article this ethical theory will help tackle the issue of gender inequality in the STEM field as it provides an approach that puts a focus on ethical duties, principles, and the importance of maintaining equality, fairness, and independence. People are motivated to understand their moral obligation to address gender inequalities, push for equal opportunities and rights, oppose acts of discrimination, and attempt to develop equitable and welcoming STEM environments by using deontological principles. By highlighting general principles like respect for the rights of others, moral responsibilities and duties, justice and fairness, and making ethical choices, deontology fits in line with the United Nations' goal of gender equality. People and societies can work to reach gender equality, as stated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5, through deontological principles.