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Lieutenant Colonel By and the Earl of Dalhousie chose the location for the entrance to the Rideau Canal to be built and consequently lay the foundations for a new community in the area which would be called Bytown (later renamed Ottawa).

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The Ottawan, a steamer, heading downstream at Merrickville locks along the Rideau Canal. 

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The Rideau Canal was completed in 1832 and would be a crucial part of the development of Bytown (and eventually Ottawa). It would never be used for its original intention of military support but would play a key role in the booming lumber industry that would ultimately cause the town to grow and gain its footing as a permanent community.

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Lumber from Ottawa being unloaded in Quebec City

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Nearly 30 years after the community first came into existence, Bytown is incorporated as a city and adopts the name "Ottawa". The new name comes from the Algonquin word "adawe" meaning "to trade", a nod to the history of the area and the lumber trade, which caused the city to grow exponentially in its early years.

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1867 - Ottawa Becomes the Capital of Canada

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1867 - Ottawa Becomes the Capital of Canada

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10 years after Queen Victoria approves the city as the capital of Canada, the British North American Act is ratified and Ottawa becomes the official capital of the new country. At the time the city's population is around 18,000, but will continue to grow steadily over many more years to the bustling city it is today.

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In 1900, a fire that started in the chimney of a house in Hull, a district of Ottawa, grew into a sweeping fire that would eventually destroy a large portion of the city. The fire, though small at first, grew quickly as wind fanned the flames and pushed hot embers across the river into downtown Ottawa.  While 6 people lost their lives in the fire itself, many more would die of disease and exposure in the aftermath, with the fire ultimately leaving 14% of Ottawa's population homeless.

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In the midst of the chaos and stress of the First World War, Canadians were shaken when the parliamentary buildings caught on fire in 1916. Center Block was destroyed, 7 people were killed, and Parliament was left without a meeting place in the middle of wartime. But Canadians pressed on, and Center Block was rebuilt, including the now iconic Peace Tower. Construction lasts from 1916 - 1920.

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In 1937, former Prime Minister William Mackenzie King hired French architect Jacques Gréber to plan and redevelop the capital city. At the time, the city was looking run down, and Mackenzie King thought it ought to be updated to look more in line with what was expected of a capital city. Though interrupted by World War Two, the redevelopment plans were eventually completed in 1950.

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Former Prime Minister Lester Pearson lights the centennial flame, 1967

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As the capital, Ottawa served as the center of the 100 birthday celebrations for Canada in 1967. Throughout the year, the centennial flame burned on Parliament Hill, and there were visits to the city made by many distinguished guests, including the Queen and Prince Philip.

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Ottawa was an international leader in public transport when it opened its Transitway in 1983. It was the first rapid transit system in North America and inspired many other cities across the continent to take up the design as well.

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When the Ottawa Senators joined the National Hockey League in 1992, they put Ottawa on the international stage in the sports community. Considering the importance and impact hockey has had on Canadian culture, it only made sense that the capital city should have a team of its own!

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In 2015, the Syrian refugee crisis was at its peak. Between November 2015 and February 2016, the Canadian government took in and resettled more than 25,000 refugees across the country, and Ottawa was no exception. As the capital, Ottawa was a leader in the resettlement efforts and took in more than 400 refugees who quickly found community in the area and settled into the part of the city now known as "Little Syria".

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Ottawa was again the center of the celebrations in 2017 as Canada celebrated its 150th birthday. The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, and his family were joined by Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall for the events on Canada Day at Parliament Hill where more than 25,000 people crowded onto the grounds to celebrate and watch the various shows and performances in addition to the Prime Minister's addresses throughout the day.

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Chevalier, Jennifer, and Leah Hansen. “7 Moments That Mark Ottawa’s Growth in Size and Stature | CBC News.” CBCnews, 14 June 2019, www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/seven-moments-ottawa-history-1.5173833.

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Government of Canada - Public Services and Procurement Canada. “History of the Hill.” Canada’s Parliamentary Precinct - PSPC, 9 Nov. 2021, www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/citeparlementaire-parliamentaryprecinct/histoire-history/index-eng.html#a2.

The Historical Society of Ottawa. “The History of Ottawa.” Home - The Historical Society of Ottawa, www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/momentous-events-in-the-city-s-life/the-history-of-ottawa. Accessed 20 July 2023.

Library and Archives Canada Blog. “The Parliament Hill Precinct.” Library and Archives Canada Blog, 3 Nov. 2015, thediscoverblog.com/2015/11/03/the-parliament-hill-precinct/.

McGillivray, Brett. “Ottawa.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 13 July 2023, www.britannica.com/place/Ottawa/The-contemporary-city.

McIntosh, Andrew, and Betty Nygaard King. “Canada’s Centennial Celebrations, 1967.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, 1 Oct. 2013, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/1967-centennial-celebrations-emc.

Miller, Jacquie. “Welcome to Ottawa’s Little Syria: 400 Refugees Create New Community on Donald Street.” Ottawa Citizen, 13 May 2016, ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/syrians-in-town/.

Press, The Canadian. “A Recap of Canada 150 Celebrations in Ottawa.” Hamilton Spectator, 2 July 2017, www.thespec.com/news/canada/a-recap-of-canada-150-celebrations-in-ottawa/article_b9f8d93a-4a64-5cbd-92fe-19eec1dee35c.html.

Run Ottawa. “A Brief History of Bytown.” Run Ottawa, www.runottawa.ca/a-brief-history-of-bytown. Accessed 20 July 2023.

SenCa+ Magazine . “Disaster and Determination: The Heroes of the 1916 Parliament Hill Fire.” Senate of Canada - SenCa+ Magazine, sencanada.ca/en/sencaplus/how-why/disaster-and-determination-the-heroes-of-the-1916-parliament-hill-fire/. Accessed 20 July 2023.

Wikipedia. “Timeline of Ottawa History.” Wikiwand, www.wikiwand.com/en/Timeline_of_Ottawa_history#19th_century. Accessed 20 July 2023.

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