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Guidelines to Achieve Comprehensible Input

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1-4 Evaluate Language and Literacy Strategies

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The Institute for Arts Integration and STEAM

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Higher order thinking questions help students explore and express rigor in their application of knowledge. There are 5 main areas of higher order thinking that promote rigor:

Each of these areas encourage students to move beyond rote knowledge and to expand their thinking process. Let's explore each in more depth.

Higher Level Thinking

Higher level thinking is simply taking our students to the next level by pushing for more than simple recall or comprehension. There are many resources for higher level thinking. Costa's Levels of Questioning, Bloom's Taxonomy and Webb's Depth of Knowledge are two common references for building higher level thinking. Take a look at this Higher Order Thinking Chart to help you organize these methods and see how to apply them in your own lessons:

Webb (2002) offers some of the following activities for using higher levels in science.
DOK Level 1
Recall or recognize a fact, term, or property. Represent in words or diagrams a scientific concept or relationship. Provide or recognize a standard scientific representation for a simple phenomenon. Perform a routine procedure such as measuring length.
DOK Level 2
Specify and explain the relationship between facts, terms, properties, or variables. Describe and explain examples and non-examples of science concepts. Select a procedure according to specified criteria, and perform it. Formulate a routine problem given data and conditions. Organize, represent and interpret data.
DOK Level 3
Identify research questions and design investigations for a scientific problem. Solve non-routine problems, then develop a scientific model for a complex situation. And finally, form conclusions from experimental data.
DOK Level 4
Based on provided data from a complex experiment that is novel to the student, deduct the fundamental relationship between several controlled variables. Conduct an investigation, from specifying a problem to designing and carrying out an experiment, to analyzing its data and forming conclusions.

Technology

The SBBC Department of Instructional Technology has developed a comprehensive chart of both teacher-directed and student-directed activities pushing students to higher-level thinking skills.

Engineering

1. Defining and delimiting engineering problems involves stating the problem as clearly as possible in terms of criteria for success, and constraints or limits.

2. Designing solutions to engineering problems begins with generating a number of different possible solutions, Then, evaluating potential solutions to see which ones best meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

3. Optimizing the design solution involves a process in which solutions are systematically tested, and the final design is improved by trading off less important features for those more important.

Mathematics
DOK Level 1
Identify a diagonal in a geometric figure. Multiply two numbers. Find the area of a rectangle. Convert scientific notation to decimal form. Measure an angle.
DOK Level 2
Classify quadrilaterals. Compare two sets of data using the mean, median, and mode of each set. Determine a strategy to estimate the number of jellybeans in a jar. Extend a geometric pattern. Organize a set of data and construct an appropriate display.
DOK Level 3
Write a mathematical rule for a non-routine pattern. Explain how changes in the dimensions affect the area and perimeter/circumference of geometric figures. Determine the equations and solve and interpret a system of equations for a given problem. Provide a mathematical justification when a situation has more than one possible outcome. Interpret information from a series of data displays.
DOK Level 4
Collect data over time taking into consideration a number of variables and analyze the results. Model a social studies situation with many alternatives and select one approach to solve with a mathematical model. Develop a rule for a complex pattern and find a phenomenon that exhibits that behavior. Complete a unit of formal geometric constructions, such as nine-point circles or the Euler line. Construct a non-Euclidean geometry.

Engagement

The G lossary of Education Reform defines engagement as: "the degree of attention, curiosity, interest, optimism, and passion that students show when they are learning or being taught, which extends to the level of motivation they have to learn and progress in their education." The words that stand out most to me are curiosity and interest. If we foster curiosity, then attention, optimism, and passion will follow.

STEAM content areas inherently encourage engagement, and below is a compilation of resources that build Rigor through Engagement in the STEAM classrooms.

Science provides many opportunities for engagement through experimentation and labs. But, remember to use focused notes strategies for engagement while presenting information prior to the hands on experiments. Life Sciences Education offers Biology-specific strategies for student engagement in Structure Matters: Twenty-One Teaching Strategies to Promote Student Engagement and Cultivate Classroom Equity

Technology

Engineering

Teach Engineering has a great chart of engagement activitie s to use in the engineering classroom. Nova Teachers also provides a long list of engaging, student centered activities for engineering in Classroom Activities.

Edutopia provides insight on motivating our students in mathematics in 9 Strategies for Motivating Students in Mathematics The ASCD provides a quick start guide to Common Core math in Unlocking Engagement through Mathematical Discourse

Deep Inquiry

Merriam-Webster defines as: a request for information. An official effort to collect and examine information about something, and the act of asking questions in order to collect information. Translating this into the classroom may seem easy, but there is more to inquiry than simply getting students to ask questions. Thirteen.org offers comprehensive overviews of bringing the inquiry process into the classroom.

One key piece of the inquiry process is in asking effective questions. How do you do that?

1. Identify your essential question

"How does knowing the context histories, and traditions of art forms help us create works of art and design? Why do artists follow or break from established tradition? How do artists determine what resources are needed to formulate artistic investigation?"

Outline some big ideas and essential questions for your content area that encourage creative, artful thinking can serve to guide you this year.

2. Build an effective questioning toolkit.

3. Give wait time.

When time is at a premium, it's easy to forget to do this. However, giving students moments of thoughtful silence to formulate their own observation, ideas, hypotheses, and opinions is crucial to developing artistic minds. Every student should have time to think individually before discussion, so that they all have something to share. Challenge yourself to give your students just a little bit longer this year!

4. Allow opportunities for all students to engage.

5. Dig deeper.

Demonstration

Technology

Technology offers many opportunities for students to demonstrate their knowledge through real-life application. Using Project-Based Learning in the technology classroom creates engaging lessons with rigorous application of demonstration. The following sites offer ideas for demonstration through technology projects:
Bringing Real-World Project Management into Technology Lessons Top 10 Innovative Projects 20 Ideas for Engaging Projects
Engineering

Engineering uses the design process to build and create, which is innately demonstration. However, if you have students determine their own projects they will be engaged and excited about demonstrating their knowledge. Have students journal issues they encounter for one week. Then, have them choose one to solve by building/creating a product that helps solve the issue. Check out these sites for engaging engineering projects:
100 Engineering Projects for Kids Purdue EPICS High School Projects Hands-On Engineering STEM Projects
The arts are built on creation, but often it is the teacher demonstrating, and the students mimicking the process. We teach a dance, or a piece of music and the students copy. Have students demonstrate their knowledge of skills by actually having them do the creation:
High School Art Lessons Arts Integration Lessons
Math is an area where it is difficult to step away from the traditional methods of instruction. The teacher demonstrates, the class practices as a whole, and then practices individually. What would happen if we taught math through projects and allowed students to demonstrate what they know? Here are a couple of sites that bring demonstration into the math classroom:
Authentic Assessment Examples
Demonstration is a great way to bring engagement through rigor into the classroom. Don't be afraid to share objectives, standards, and goals with students to have them determine how best they can demonstrate their knowledge.

Quality Over Quantity

Rigor does not mean it means . Students don't need more work they need better work. Furthermore, they need exciting work that makes them to work.

When teachers are asked why we provide curriculum, units, lesson plans, and homework, the answers that come back are often "I'm not sure."

Here are some helpful ways to focus on the quality of instruction, rather than simply the quantity of what's provided:

Curriculum

Continue working backward as you move into the larger units of your curriculum. What important information do students need to know or understand in order to achieve the big picture? How and what will students do in order to prove they have

As you begin designing the day-to-day lessons, keep asking . Everything from the opening activity to the exit slip, make sure you are asking . Don't do something because you think you are supposed to, be sure each and every activity/task has a purpose. Not only you, but also your students, should know why the activities are being completed and the overall purpose.

Homework is probably the largest area where quality over quantity needs to be investigated. do we give homework: because we are supposed to, because our teachers gave us homework, because it helps. But, does it really? Alfie Kohn provided 8 conclusions in his 2006 book The Homework Myth:

1. At best, most homework studies show only an association, not a causal relationship.

2. Do we really know how much homework kids do?

3. Homework studies confuse grades and test scores with learning.

4. Homework matters less the longer you look.

5. Even where they do exist, positive effects are often quite small.

6. There is no evidence of any academic benefit from homework in elementary school.

7. The results of national and international exams raise further doubts about homework's role.

8. Incidental research raises further doubts about homework.

So as you assign homework, keep asking yourself ? If you are assigning it because you think you , then stop.

As you continue to work through lesson planning, curriculum design, and providing high-quality instruction, keep in mind these examples of higher-order thinking questions and examples. The more we engage students in rigorous and purposeful content that encourages inquiry and critical thinking, the more they will be prepared for the 21st century.

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Higher Order Thinking Questions for Your Next Lesson

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Curriculum Higher Order Thinking Questions for Your Next Lesson 12 Min Read * 21st Century Skills Higher order thinking questions help students explore and express rigor in their application of knowledge. There are 5 main

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CAL SIOP-Day 10 Leeward-HI_April 18_2023