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Ivan Petrovich Pavlov(1849-1936), was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist, psychologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Classical conditioning is a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus. Classical conditioning can be an easy and non-invasive way to elicit or discourage a specific behavior from students.

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Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987) was an American who started out as a developmental
psychologist, studying under Piaget and then moving into the study of moral education, developing a cognitive theory of moral development. Like Piaget he used stories to investigate the way children develop moral reasoning. The development of personal, social
and health education and citizenship in the school curriculum can be credited to Kohlberg’s ideas for moral development through social interaction.

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Burrhus Skinner (1904–1990) developed a behaviourist theory of development, from the thinking of John Locke (1632–1704) and John Watson (1878–1958).  Operant conditioning creates a system of accountability; it's a way to analyze reinforcement and punishment.  Student behavior is an honest reflection of risks, rewards and other underlying consequences. Although natural consequences can lead to changes, rewards and punishments can be consciously doled out to create change.

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Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) was a Russian teacher, psychologist and philosopher. He initially studied law but became increasingly interested in how his pupils
learned and, as a result, turned to research in developmental psychology in 1917. His ideas have had a great impact on educational developments in a number of areas:

The difference between tested levels of cognitive development and potential development that can be achieved through interaction with adults.

He analyzed children’s play and concluded that it was important not just for emotional and physical development, but also for cognitive development

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John Bowlby (1907–1990) studied medicine before moving into developmental psychology through psychiatry and psychoanalysis. This theory Suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive. A child has an innate need to attach to one main attachment figure.Importance of a child's emotional bond with their primary caregivers. Disruption to or loss of this bond can affect a child emotionally and psychologically into adulthood, and have an impact on their future relationships.

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Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss developmental biologist who became interested in psychology. Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. His theories, and the work of other theorists, began an intense focus on cognition which has helped us to understand the way a child thinks.