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Increased control over the government & administration of Malaya

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Increased control over the government & administration of Malaya

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Increased control over the government & administration of Malaya (Andre)

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Increased control over the government & administration of Malaya (Andre)

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Sultans had absolute power(to a certain extent) in the states they ruled and certain Malays chiefs had power to administrate the districts they governed.Sultans had the authority to collect taxes as well as control matters on Malays customs and traditions and Islam. After the British intervention,the sultans were forced to give up their political powers and give it to the British Resident allowing them to collect the taxes and make laws and maintain justice and order. After establishing the Residentship in many other Malay states,the British decided to form the Federated Malay States(FMS) which continued to have Residents for the respective States but had a Resident-General, Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham, which oversaw the federation.

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Increased control over the government & administration of Malaya (Chloe)

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Increased control over the government & administration of Malaya (Chloe)

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After the British intervention,the sultans were forced to give up their political powers and give it to the British Resident allowing them to collect the taxes and make laws and maintain justice and order. After establishing the Residentship in many other Malay states,the British decided to form the Federated Malay States(FMS) which continued to have Residents for the respective States but had a Resident-General which oversaw the federation.

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Establishment of the Federated Malay States

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Establishment of the Federated Malay States

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Establishment of the Federated Malay States (Xin Yan)

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Establishment of the Federated Malay States (Xin Yan)

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Something about FMS

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Consolidation of British Control in Unfederated Malay States

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Consolidation of British Control in Unfederated Malay States

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries (Tin)

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries (Tin)

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries (Tin) (Ilhan)

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries (Tin) (Ilhan)

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The economy grew largely with the British trading tin. The British employed Chinese and Indians miners to mine tin, and provide professional expertise. They returned back to their own countries after their agreed tenure ended. Before British rule, Malaya was not as good, but still a major trading centre in Asia. Porcelain and spices were traded in Malaya before colonial rule. Since Malaya ruled the straits before colonialism, trade crossing the straits was protected under the Malaccan sultanate when it was around.

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries (Tin) (Joakim)

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries (Tin) (Joakim)

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Since large tin-mining companies were under rich European businessmen, they were able to purchase the most modern or advanced equipment to help with the production of tin. Furthermore, British authorities constructed railways and roads to link tin mines to ports to allow export of tin and rubber, growing the demand for tin. Chinese labourers continued to supply manpower for the mines. Soon after, the Federated Malay States became the largest tin producer in the world at the end of the 19th century, where most profits were paid to investors and shareholders outside of Malaya, in Europe and India.

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Growth & Development of Cash Crop Industries (Rubber)

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Growth & Development of Cash Crop Industries (Rubber)

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Creation of export-oriented Economy (Jia Kang)

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Creation of export-oriented Economy (Jia Kang)

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In the pre-colonial period,the malayan economy was mainly subsistence-based,where people consumed what they grew.There were no large-scale plantations producing crops for export.This changed under the British rule.Malaya's economy became largely export-oriented,supplying cash crisp abd raw materials to other parts of the world.Besides tin and rubber,these cash crops included pepper,sugar cane,gambier,tea , coffee and tobacco.

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Immigrants from China, India and Indonesia came to Malaya to make a living. The Chinese brought their secret societies into Malaya as well. However, the Indians migrated to Malaya to work on coffee, rubber and other plantations. Migrants from the Indonesian Archipelago had an easier time migrating there, as they shared similar beliefs and customs with the local Malays. Many of them engaged in agricultural activities together such as planting rice.

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19th century Malaya health conditions were poor. Malaria was common and beri-beri was a frequent killer among Chinese tin miners. British officials brought in western medicine knowledge with them and wealth from tin-mining and rubber industries funded research into these diseases. So, Sanitary Boards were set up in the late 19th century which improved health conditions in the Malay states greatly and laid down regulations regarding drainage,cleanliness of food and the design of building ventilation and the disposal of waste. The colonial government also built hospitals in towns mostly along the west coast to support the earlier hospitals established by charitable or missionary organisations. However, this meant that health conditions in the northern and eastern parts of the Peninsula remained in poor condition.

I personally think that British intervening Malay healthcare is more beneficial. Although a part of Malaya did not receive the healthcare development they need, a large majority of the states did. So I think that although not the whole nation had healthcare development, at least the majority did, so I think that the British intervening did more good than harm.

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Education & emergence of Western-educated elites (Ziyad)

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Education & emergence of Western-educated elites (Ziyad)

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A few English schools were ran by the government so that there would be a group of local English speakers who were educated who could meet the demand for English speaking clerks in the British administration. Only the wealthy or Malay aristocrats who served in administrative positions were available and an option for Western Education. Wealthy members of the Indian and Chinese communities also sent their children to these schools. Therefore, English schools provided opportunities for some children of different races to intermingle. As the government's need for English speakers, it allowed all of the ethnic groups to take on professions such as medicine and law.

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Railway lines were built to support the rubber and tin industries, and connect the plantations and towns and the ports.

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Consolidation of British Control in Unfederated Malay States (Aniq)

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Consolidation of British Control in Unfederated Malay States (Aniq)

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Before british intervention, The four northern malay states were vassal states of siam. However they often acted independently. Being vassal states meant that they had to give gifts to siam for their protection. In contrast,

Once the british signed the Bangkok treaty, Siam no longer had any rights to the malay states and took on all the debts of the malay states. The british also gave siam a four million pound loan to construct railways. Another reason why the british wanted the malay states is fear of other european powers as there were rumors that they wanted to establish a naval base and coal stations in the north malay states.

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Growth & Development of Cash Crop Industries (Rubber) Sarah

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Growth & Development of Cash Crop Industries (Rubber) Sarah

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It was funded by a European businessmen such as William Sime and Henry Darby. They invested in large planation estates, and introduced more modern methods. A project run by the Asia-Europe Institute of Universiti Malaya and led by Perak ruler Sultan Nazrin Shah, natural rubber was a critical pillar of Malaysia’s export-oriented economy throughout much of the 20th century. The massive boom in rubber trade came in the first decade of the 20th century as prices rose as a result of the spectacular upsurge in demand from the US automobile industry and the related demand for rubber tyres. As global demand for natural rubber increased and rubber prices rose sharply towards the end of the first decade of the 20th century, rubber planting became highly profitable and rubber plantations spread across the Malay Peninsula. Initially, most rubber planting took place in Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Johor — states where infrastructure already existed and was expanding,” says EHM.

It adds that high prices also encouraged smallholders to plant rubber instead of cultivating rice and doing other subsistence farming.

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Railway lines were built to support the rubber and tin industries, and connect the plantations and towns and the ports. It is a positive impact as it helped to modernize Malayan transportation. Railways also helped to facilitate trade and create more jobs in Malaya.

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Increased control over the government & administration of Malaya (Andre)

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Increased control over the government & administration of Malaya (Andre)

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Sultans had absolute power(to a certain extent) in the states they ruled and certain Malays chiefs had power to administrate the districts they governed.Sultans had the authority to collect taxes as well as control matters on Malays customs and traditions and Islam. After the British intervention,the sultans were forced to give up their political powers and give it to the British Resident allowing them to collect the taxes and make laws and maintain justice and order. After establishing the Residentship in many other Malay states,the British decided to form the Federated Malay States(FMS) which continued to have Residents for the respective States but had a Resident-General, Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham, which oversaw the federation.

(II)
It is negative as the British was using this situation for their own benefits. The British used it to control society by making drastic actions like abolishing debt-slavery which was a normality at that point of time(i oppose this btw🤸🧑‍🦽)

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In the pre-colonial period,the malayan economy was mainly subsistence-based,where people consumed what they grew.There were no large-scale plantations producing crops for export.This changed under the British rule.Malaya's economy became largely export-oriented,supplying cash crisp abd raw materials to other parts of the world.Besides tin and rubber,these cash crops included pepper,sugar cane,gambier,tea , coffee and tobacco. 

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In the pre-colonial period,the malayan economy was mainly subsistence-based,where people consumed what they grew.There were no large-scale plantations producing crops for export.This changed under the British rule.Malaya's economy became largely export-oriented,supplying cash crisp abd raw materials to other parts of the world.Besides tin and rubber,these cash crops included pepper,sugar cane,gambier,tea , coffee and tobacco. 

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Why? Because by changing it to an export-oriented economy,this allows Malaya not only to get more money for itself,it also allows Malaya to be more well known by the rest of the world.This also allows Malaya to have new raw materials from other parts of the world.

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Consolidation of British Control in Unfederated Malay States (Aniq)

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Consolidation of British Control in Unfederated Malay States (Aniq)

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Increased control & Administrative by the British in Malaya(Chloe)

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Increased control & Administrative by the British in Malaya(Chloe)

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I think this is a positive point. Though we should not glorify our colonizers, without the British intervention, the admistrastive in Malaya would be much worser off. If British had not intervened in Perak, more wars would have broken out. Since now British has increased control, they can manage taxes properly and even fight for rights like abolishing debt slavery or starting an education or healthcare system and bring more profits and growth
for the country

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries (Tin) (Ilhan)

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries (Tin) (Ilhan)

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The economy grew largely with the British trading tin. The British employed Chinese and Indians miners to mine tin, and provide professional expertise. They returned back to their own countries after their agreed tenure ended. Before British rule, Malaya was not as good, but still a major trading centre in Asia. Porcelain and spices were traded in Malaya before colonial rule. Since Malaya ruled the straits before colonialism, trade crossing the straits was protected under the Malaccan sultanate when it was around.

British rule is positive in terms of economy because it improved the local economy and increased population, which lead to more taxes collected from locals by the government.

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Growth & Development of Cash Crop Industries (Rubber) Sarah

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Growth & Development of Cash Crop Industries (Rubber) Sarah

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It was funded by a European businessmen such as William Sime and Henry Darby. They invested in large planation estates, and introduced more modern methods. A project run by the Asia-Europe Institute of Universiti Malaya and led by Perak ruler Sultan Nazrin Shah, natural rubber was a critical pillar of Malaysia’s export-oriented economy throughout much of the 20th century. The massive boom in rubber trade came in the first decade of the 20th century as prices rose as a result of the spectacular upsurge in demand from the US automobile industry and the related demand for rubber tyres. As global demand for natural rubber increased and rubber prices rose sharply towards the end of the first decade of the 20th century, rubber planting became highly profitable and rubber plantations spread across the Malay Peninsula. Initially, most rubber planting took place in Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Johor — states where infrastructure already existed and was expanding,” says EHM.

It adds that high prices also encouraged smallholders to plant rubber instead of cultivating rice and doing other subsistence farming.

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Education & emergence of Western-educated elites (Ziyad)

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Education & emergence of Western-educated elites (Ziyad)

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A few English schools were ran by the government so that there would be a group of local English speakers who were educated who could meet the demand for English speaking clerks in the British administration. Only the wealthy or Malay aristocrats who served in administrative positions were available and an option for Western Education. Wealthy members of the Indian and Chinese communities also sent their children to these schools. Therefore, English schools provided opportunities for some children of different races to intermingle. As the government's need for English speakers, it allowed all of the ethnic groups to take on professions such as medicine and law.

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries(Tin)(Joakim)

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Growth & Development of Mineral Industries(Tin)(Joakim)

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Since large tin-mining companies were under rich European businessmen, they were able to purchase the most modern or advanced equipment to help with the production of tin. Furthermore, British authorities constructed railways and roads to link tin mines to ports to allow export of tin and rubber, growing the demand for tin. Chinese labourers continued to supply manpower for the mines. Soon after, the Federated Malay States became the largest tin producer in the world at the end of the 19th century, where most profits were paid to investors and shareholders outside of Malaya, in Europe and India. It is a positive impact for the British since the railways and use of modern technology (at that time) increased the efficiency and how much tin could be imported to other countries for trade. The railways connected mines to the coast where the posts are for easier transportation of tin and other goods.

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Establishment of the Federated Malay states ( Xin Yan ) 

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Establishment of the Federated Malay states ( Xin Yan ) 

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The Residential System was established in Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang, there were progressing at different rates in the 4 states. The important tin-mining states of Perak and Selangor were prosperous and well developed. While Pahang had financial difficulties. The residents had too much power, they had their own idea of governing the state which led to a lack of coordination between states and sharing of resources. In 1896, the Federated Malay states was formed, bringing the 4 states together. The Federation was formed to give the sultans more power than the Residents. However, the sultans later found themselves being less involved and the power was centralised to the Resident-General instead. The Malay chiefs and sultans were taken away to look at matters concerning Malay customs and religion

The federation was made for the British to gain control over all 4 states. Before the federation happened, the states was ruled by their separate residents, the federation was also made to weaken the power of the british and empower the sultans. However, the sultans were even less involved making the sultans and Malay chiefs to look after the matters concerning Malay customs

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Immigrants from China, India and Indonesia came to Malaya to make a living. The Chinese brought their secret societies into Malaya as well. However, the Indians migrated to Malaya to work on coffee, rubber and other plantations. Migrants from the Indonesian Archipelago had an easier time migrating there, as they shared similar beliefs and customs with the local Malays. Many of them engaged in agricultural activities together such as planting rice.Immigrants from China, India and Indonesia came to Malaya to make a living. The Chinese brought their secret societies into Malaya as well. However, the Indians migrated to Malaya to work on coffee, rubber and other plantations. Migrants from the Indonesian Archipelago had an easier time migrating there, as they shared similar beliefs and customs with the local Malays. Many of them engaged in agricultural activities together such as planting rice.