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Some cross-cutting results

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Women are aware of their rights and the demands they can make on the State.

Especially those between 18 and 40 years old mentioned that their life has specific conditions because they are women, and therefore, their needs should be addressed with a gender approach. Their knowledge of what the State must provide and guarantee them because they are women was notorious.

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Women mentioned that they feel left out by the State, and in this case by the municipality.

They demanded the solutions stated in every axe take into account their geographical location. This specific demand was made because they believe that there are projects and activities for women, but they are carried out in the urban area, which makes it difficult to access these opportunities.

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How gender stereotypes affect women is one of the most frequent complaints.

For example, they state that ideas about what a woman or a man should do create an imbalance in care and domestic tasks, where women have to take care of most of them. In addition, this imbalance leads to fewer opportunities for work outside the home and, therefore, less income and less economic independence.

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Based on the information provided, and using Conpes 4080 (The National Public Policy on Gender), I identified 5 thematic axes that address the main problems affecting rural women in Panqueba.

- Economic autonomy
- Life free of violence
- Political participation
- Integral healthcare
- Culture and recreation

Each of these thematic axes is accompanied by specific actions to meet the needs and demands of rural women, as well as indicators, expected results, and goals.

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Main results of this joint work

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The development of this public policy was done under the gender mainstreaming approach with the intention to have a document that promotes a structural change in gender matters, at least at the local level. In addition, community participation was adopted to obtain the data for this public policy, using the recommendations of this technique on the importance of women's participation in public policy processes.

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The absence of an official document that addressed the specific needs of rural women made it imperative to formulate a Public Policy for Rural Women -almost half of the population in the rural areas- in this municipality. This public policy helps to understand the situations and particularities of these women's lives while at the same time addressing their needs and demands.

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Instituto Geográfico Agustin Codazzi (1988)

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       Some context of Panqueba, Boyacá - Colombia

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       Some context of Panqueba, Boyacá - Colombia

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- It's a small town in the department of Boyacá (located in the northeast of Colombia).

- Its population is around 1675 with a total of 832 men and 843 women.

Rural area:  487 men and 469 women

Urban area: 345  men and 374 women

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I used pre-structured surveys as an additional tool to collect more data, specifically to address the point of view of the women who didn't participants in the focus groups or the semi-restructured interview.

According to Harrie Jansen (2010) "In the pre-structured survey, some main topics, dimensions, and categories are defined beforehand and the identification of these matters in the research units is guided by a structured protocol for questioning or observation" (5).

I constructed the surveys with the information obtained from the focus groups and interviews, describing the most frequent needs and problems faced by rural women. This was done with the objective to understand if these situations were also present in others women's life.

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A focus group is, ‘an informal discussion among selected individuals about specific topics’ (Beck et al., 1986, p. 73).  They are useful to promote interaction among participants with spontaneity.

Taking into account the "informality" of this method, I used it to talk about all kinds of situations and problems faced by rural women in Panqueba. The conversations revolved around economic independence, health, double workload, emotional burden, political rights, and violence based on gender, among others.

A total of 7 focus groups were conducted, which covered 7 of the 9 rural areas in the municipality.

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Interviews are of particular use if one desires to explain social processes, change, and meaning that are complex and need an understanding depth of peoples’ experiences (Mason 2018:114).

Based on the relevance of the interviews, I decided to use this method to gather the information. I performed the interviews with women from the Consejo Consultivo de Mujeres (Women's advisory council), who represented 12 different productive sectors of Panqueba.

This set of interviews where focus on the needs and possible improvements in each sector, from these women's perspectives.

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Methods to collect the data that involved women's participation