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an exoskeleton, bi-lateral symmetry, jointed appendages, segmented bodies, and specialized appendage

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an exoskeleton, bi-lateral symmetry, jointed appendages, segmented bodies, and specialized appendage

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group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column, derived from the notochord

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group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column, derived from the notochord

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Chelicerata (arachnids), Crustacea (crustaceans), Hexapoda (insects and springtails), and Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes).

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Chelicerata (arachnids), Crustacea (crustaceans), Hexapoda (insects and springtails), and Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes).

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https://www.britannica.com/animal/arthropod
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoskeleton
Invertebrate | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, Groups ...

https://www.britannica.com › animal › invertebrate
Arthropod - Glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society

https://www.amentsoc.org › insects › glossary › terms › ar...
A Guide To Arthropod Classes | Department of Entomology

https://entomology.unl.edu › classification › arthropodclas...

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arthropod, (phylum Arthropoda), any member of the phylum Arthropoda, the largest phylum in the animal kingdom, which includes such familiar forms as lobsters, crabs, spiders, mites, insects, centipedes, and millipedes. About 84 percent of all known species of animals are members of this phylum. Arthropods are represented in every habitat on Earth and show a great variety of adaptations. Several types live in aquatic environments, and others reside in terrestrial ones; some groups are even adapted for flight.

The distinguishing feature of arthropods is the presence of a jointed skeletal covering composed of chitin (a complex sugar) bound to protein. This nonliving exoskeleton is secreted by the underlying epidermis (which corresponds to the skin of other animals). Arthropods lack locomotory cilia, even in the larval stages, probably because of the presence of the exoskeleton. The body is usually segmented, and the segments bear paired jointed appendages, from which the name arthropod ("jointed feet") is derived. About one million arthropod species have been described, of which most are insects. This number, however, may be only a fraction of the total. Based on the number of undescribed species collected from the treetops of tropical forests, zoologists have estimated the total number of insect species alone to be as high as 5.5 million. The more than 48,000 described species of mites may also represent only a fraction of the existing number.

The phylum Arthropoda is commonly divided into four subphyla of extant forms: Chelicerata ( arachnids), Crustacea ( crustaceans), Hexapoda ( insects and springtails), and Myriapoda ( millipedes and centipedes). Some zoologists believe that arthropods possessing only single-branched appendages, particularly the insects, centipedes, and millipedes, evolved from a separate ancestor and therefore group them within a separate phylum-the Uniramia, or Atelocerata; however, in this treatment these forms are dispersed among several subphyla. In addition, the phylum Arthropoda contains the extinct subphylum Trilobitomorpha. This group is made up of the trilobites, the dominant arthropods in the early Paleozoic seas (541.0 million to 251.9 million years ago). Trilobites became extinct during the Permian Period (298.9 million to 251.9 million years ago) at the end of the Paleozoic Era.

The myriapods (centipedes, symphylans, millipedes, and pauropods) live beneath stones and logs and in leaf mold; insects are found in all types of terrestrial habitats and some have invaded fresh water. The sea has remained the domain of the crustaceans, however, and only at its very edges are insects (subphylum Hexapoda) found.

The subphylum Crustacea contains mostly marine arthropods, though many of its members, such as the crayfish, have invaded fresh water, and one group, the pill bugs (sow bugs), has become terrestrial, living beneath stones and logs and in leaf mold. In the sea, large crustaceans such as crabs and shrimps are common bottom-dwelling arthropods. Many minute species of crustaceans (particularly the copepods) are an important component of the zooplankton (floating or weakly swimming animals) and serve as food for other invertebrates, fishes, and even whales.

Most members of the subphylum Chelicerata belong to the class Arachnida, containing the spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites. They are largely terrestrial arthropods, living beneath stones and logs, in leaf mold, and in vegetation, but there are some aquatic mites that live in fresh water and in the sea. There are also many parasitic mites. Two small classes of chelicerates, the Merostomata, containing the horseshoe crabs, and the Pycnogonida, containing the sea spiders, are entirely marine. The merostomes are an ancient group and probably gave rise to the arachnids. Indeed, the earliest known fossil scorpions were aquatic.

This article discusses the arthropods as a group. For specific information on the most significant subphyla and classes of arthropods, see crustacean; arachnid; insect. See also myriapod.

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Arthropod | Definition, Examples, Characteristics, Classes, Groups, & Facts

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Arthropod, any member of the phylum Arthropoda, the largest phylum in the animal kingdom, which includes such familiar forms as lobsters, crabs, spiders, mites, insects, centipedes, and millipedes. About 84 percent of all known species of animals are members of this phylum. Learn more about arthropods in this article.

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a body made up of many similar segments with 1 pair of legs per segment

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a body made up of many similar segments with 1 pair of legs per segment

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a class of myriapod arthropods which comprises the centipedes.

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a class of myriapod arthropods which comprises the centipedes.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fanimalcorner.org%2Fcentipede-anatomy%2F&psig=AOvVaw0FU-XQ5WFCrQjFgNXJtYIK&ust=1676133623063000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjhxqFwoTCPDs8rqyi_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE
https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/chilopoda/
https://proofpest.com/pest-library/centipedes#:~:text=Centipedes%20are%20a%20species%20of,other%20small%20animals%20to%20eat.

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a cylindrical body and moves by crawling slowly and steadily. As the name suggests, it has many legs, but usually less than a hundred.

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a cylindrical body and moves by crawling slowly and steadily. As the name suggests, it has many legs, but usually less than a hundred.

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a class of myriapod arthropods that comprises the millipedes.

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a class of myriapod arthropods that comprises the millipedes.

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Myriapods are the members of subphylum Myriapoda, containing arthropods such as millipedes and centipedes.

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Myriapods are the members of subphylum Myriapoda, containing arthropods such as millipedes and centipedes.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriapoda
https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/diplopoda/
Millipede Extermination | Definition and characteristic of a ...

https://www.exterminateursassocies.com › millipede-millip...

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Myriapoda is a subphylum of arthropods containing millipedes, centipedes, and others. The group contains over 16,000 species, most of which are terrestrial. Although their name suggests they have myriad (10,000) legs, myriapods range from having up to 750 legs (the millipede Illacme plenipes ) to having fewer than ten legs.

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a segmented body with a hard exterior (known as an exoskeleton)jointed limbs, each often with two branches (termed biramous)two pairs of antennae.

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a segmented body with a hard exterior (known as an exoskeleton)jointed limbs, each often with two branches (termed biramous)two pairs of antennae.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbiosurvey.ou.edu%2FInvert_manual%2FCrustacea.html&psig=AOvVaw0IAdZGnoNo08UaZcNhikJ2&ust=1676134123337000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCICq27C0i_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean
https://teara.govt.nz/en/crabs-crayfish-and-other-crustaceans/page-1

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Four pairs of legs (eight total). ...Arachnids also have two additional pairs of appendages. ...Arachnids do not have antennae or wings.The arachnid body is organized into the cephalothorax, a fusion of the head and thorax, and the abdomen.

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Four pairs of legs (eight total). ...Arachnids also have two additional pairs of appendages. ...Arachnids do not have antennae or wings.The arachnid body is organized into the cephalothorax, a fusion of the head and thorax, and the abdomen.

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spiders, daddy longlegs (harvestmen), scorpions, mites, and ticks.

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spiders, daddy longlegs (harvestmen), scorpions, mites, and ticks.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Flearn-teach%2Fcurriculum-collections%2Fbiodiversity-counts%2Farthropod-identification%2Farthropod-morphology%2Fparts-of-a-spider-dorsal-view-of-a-male-spider&psig=AOvVaw0ElwdoggyD_6touuq3aQwu&ust=1676134272572000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCNCM9_-0i_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://www.britannica.com/animal/arachnid#:~:text=Some%20well%2Dknown%20types%20of%20arachnids%20(class%20Arachnida)%20include,scorpions%2C%20mites%2C%20and%20ticks.
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-life-science-2.0/section/9.13/primary/lesson/arachnids-ms-ls/

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Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae

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Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae

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Based on the inclination of long axis of the head and orientation of mouth parts there are three types of insect heads.

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Based on the inclination of long axis of the head and orientation of mouth parts there are three types of insect heads.

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The insect thorax consists of three segments (called the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax),

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The insect thorax consists of three segments (called the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax),

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They start with 8 abdominal segments and increase to 11 segments and a telson by the 4th instar. This type of development is called anamorphic.

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They start with 8 abdominal segments and increase to 11 segments and a telson by the 4th instar. This type of development is called anamorphic.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fquizlet.com%2F280521850%2Fgrasshopper-anatomy-diagram%2F&psig=AOvVaw1YKYI35PlfEGUEUybw1yhh&ust=1676134445902000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwjvjZzDtYv9AhVK3ckDHdEVAtkQr4kDegQIARAi
https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rider/Pentatomoidea/Teaching%20Structure/Lecture%20Notes/Week%2008a%20Abdomen.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/animal/insect/Thorax#:~:text=The%20insect%20thorax%20consists%20of,fused%20but%20are%20usually%20recognizable.
http://www.jnkvv.org/PDF/0704202020123064201202.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect#:~:text=Insects%20have%20a%20chitinous%20exoskeleton,cavity%20known%20as%20the%20haemocoel.

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Most insects have a pair of antennae and two pairs of wings.

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Most insects have a pair of antennae and two pairs of wings.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amentsoc.org%2Finsects%2Ffact-files%2Fwings.html&psig=AOvVaw0JHNDo8VQTxt-X4xuPC9-m&ust=1676134636157000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCPCg6J62i_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/pollinators/animals/insectbasics.shtml#:~:text=Most%20insects%20have%20a%20pair,growing%20a%20new%2C%20roomier%20one.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInsect_morphology&psig=AOvVaw2RvHOy_Hw7AI7AJD2MKotx&ust=1676134567339000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCMiWlbO2i_0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/administration_pdf/lpwhatisinsect.pdf

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insects breathe through openings in the thorax and abdomen called spiracles

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insects breathe through openings in the thorax and abdomen called spiracles

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Insects' eyes are made up of thousands of tiny light detectors packed closely together.

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Insects' eyes are made up of thousands of tiny light detectors packed closely together.

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a visual organ found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans. It may consist of thousands of ommatidia

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a visual organ found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans. It may consist of thousands of ommatidia

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nsects don't only use their antennae to smell. They can also use them to feel the surface of an object, sense hot and cold, listen to sounds or detect the movement of air or wind. Insects have paired antennae so they can smell in stereo

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nsects don't only use their antennae to smell. They can also use them to feel the surface of an object, sense hot and cold, listen to sounds or detect the movement of air or wind. Insects have paired antennae so they can smell in stereo

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Filiform = thread-like. Moniliform = beaded. Serrate = sawtoothed. Setaceous = bristle-like.

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Filiform = thread-like. Moniliform = beaded. Serrate = sawtoothed. Setaceous = bristle-like.

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https://genent.cals.ncsu.edu/bug-bytes/head/antennae/#:~:text=Types%20of%20Antennae&text=Filiform%20%3D%20thread%2Dlike,Setaceous%20%3D%20bristle%2Dlike
https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/administration_pdf/lpwhatisinsect.pdf
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2756-insect-antennae#:~:text=Insects%20do%20this%20with%20the,movement%20of%20air%20or%20wind.&text=Insects%20have%20paired%20antennae%20so%20they%20can%20smell%20in%20stereo.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_eye
https://www.dkfindout.com/us/animals-and-nature/insects/insects-eyes/#:~:text=Insects'%20eyes%20are%20made%20up,sudden%20attacks%20from%20hungry%20predators.
https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/blog/erin-hodgson/can-insects-breathe-water#:~:text=For%20insects%2C%20respiration%20is%20separate,thorax%20and%20abdomen%20called%20spiracles.

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The antennae are a pair of sense organs located near the front of an insect's head capsule. Although commonly called "feelers", the antennae are much more than just tactile receptors. They are usually covered with olfactory receptors that can detect odor molecules in the air (the sense of smell). Many insects also use their antennae as humidity sensors, to detect changes in the concentration of water vapor. Mosquitoes detect sounds with their antennae, and many flies use theirs to gauge air speed while they are in flight.

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The antennae are a pair of sense organs located near the front of an insect's head capsule. Although commonly called "feelers", the antennae are much more than just tactile receptors. They are usually covered with olfactory receptors that can detect odor molecules in the air (the sense of smell).

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Insect mouthparts are of two main types: chewing and piercing-sucking 

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Insect mouthparts are of two main types: chewing and piercing-sucking 

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1. Honey bee - the mandibles are very small and suitable for moulding wax, the labium is curved downwards and inwards forming a tube used for sucking up nectar.

2. Butterflies and Moths - the mandibles have disappeared altogether. The maxillae are elongate, channelled along their surfaces and held together by hooks and spines to form a sucking tube. This proboscis may be very long, when not in use is carried coiled up like a watch spring under the head.

3. Diving beetle larvae - have a piercing and sucking arrangement. The mandibles are each curved over to form an almost closed groove along their inner surface. The prey is caught and pierced by the mandibles. Digestive juices are pumped down the groove. The food is made into a liquid. This semi-digested soup is sucked back up again through the groove.

4. True bugs - these also have a piercing and sucking arrangement. The labium is elongated and acts as a sheath. This encloses the mandibles and maxillae which are modified as stylets for piercing. The maxillae have two tubes running along their length on the inside surface. 'Saliva' may be pumped down one of the tubes. This saliva makes the food into a liquid. The liquified food is sucked up the other tube.

5. House-fly - the proboscis shows a capillary mechanism. The labium is elongated and forms two lobes at the tip. These lobes have a series of fine tubes (pseudotracheae). The hypopharynx runs down the proboscis and digestive juices pass down this onto the food. The food is made into a liquid by these juices. This liquid is then drawn up the pseudotracheae by capillary action.

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Insect mouthparts come in different forms. The two most common forms are the chewing and piercing-sucking types (moth and butterflies have a different, unique form of mouthparts). To determine what type of mouth an insect has, get a good hand lens (10 to 15x) or a small microscope and a bright light.

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Insect mouthparts come in different forms. The two most common forms are the chewing and piercing-sucking types (moth and butterflies have a different, unique form of mouthparts). To determine what type of mouth an insect has, get a good hand lens (10 to 15x) or a small microscope and a bright light.

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https://citybugs.tamu.edu/factsheets/landscape/sapfeed/ent-6005/#:~:text=Insect%20mouthparts%20come%20in%20different,microscope%20and%20a%20bright%20light.
https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/fact-files/mouthparts.html
https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/mg12#:~:text=Insect%20mouthparts%20are%20of%20two,control%20that%20is%20most%20effective.

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What are mouthparts on insects like, and how can I see them? - Insects in the City

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Insect mouthparts come in different forms. The two most common forms are the chewing and piercing-sucking types (moth and butterflies have a different, unique form of mouthparts). To determine what type of mouth an insect has, get a good hand lens (10 to 15x) or a small microscope and a bright lig…

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he process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages.

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he process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages.

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egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis) and adult.

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egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis) and adult.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fmetamorphosis&psig=AOvVaw0_cIbUxfvPiI-x886dxVKi&ust=1676135371948000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwjkveX8uIv9AhXzzskDHdjQDJMQr4kDegUIARDhAQ
https://nhmlac.org/marvelous-metamorphosis#:~:text=Certain%20insects%20%2D%20like%20butterflies%2C%20moths,that%20grows%20through%20complete%20metamorphosis!https://espacepourlavie.ca/en/complete-metamorphosis#:~:text=The%20life%20cycle%20of%20holometabolous,pupa%20(chrysalis)%20and%20adult.
https://lszooduluth.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/AnimalLifeCyclesPreVisitLesson.pdf
https://espacepourlavie.ca/en/incomplete-metamorphosis#:~:text=The%20life%20cycle%20of%20insects,%3A%20egg%2C%20nymph%20and%20adult.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis

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Natural History Museums of Los Angeles County

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Instructions

1. Do your background research!
Using the Complete Metamorphosis Diagram below, look at each distinct stage of a ladybug's lifecycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Take some notes about what characteristics, or features, a ladybug has in each stage. An insect in one stage often looks and behaves differently than it does in another!

First, the insect is an egg: this is the 'baby'. They stay in one place and grow.

Next, the egg hatches and out comes a larva. The larva is a 'kid' stage - it usually moves around and eats a lot (if you were a bug, you would be a larva right now)!

Then, the larva becomes a pupa. Pupas are the 'teenage' stage and they are "resting" in one place.

Finally, out of the pupa emerges an adult. Adults mate and lay eggs, starting the cycle again!

Note: The diagram only depicts the four distinct stages of complete metamorphosis and represents a generic bug. Each species of insect has different looking eggs, larva, pupa, and adult stages.
2. Conduct your ladybug scavenger hunt.
If you can safely explore outdoors, go outside and look on and under leaves to see how many different stages of ladybug metamorphosis you can find. You can use the "helpful hints" below to get some clues on where to look! Remember, the garden is a home to these insects, so please touch plants gently - we don't want to hurt them or animals living on them.

3. Tally up your findings.
Using the Ladybug Metamorphosis Scavenger Hunt Worksheet (or your own nature journal), put a tally mark next to each stage you see to document your findings. Note the time, date, and weather on your worksheet or in your journal if you want to repeat this activity in a different location or on a different day.

4. What more can you find?
Ladybugs aren't the only insects that go through complete metamorphosis! See if you can find different life stages of other insects, like cocoons of butterflies or moths, and note them in your findings. Use iNaturalist if you need help identifying what you've found!

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Instructions 1. Do your background research! Using the Complete Metamorphosis Diagram below, look at each distinct stage of a ladybug's lifecycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Take some notes about what characteristics, or features, a ladybug has in each stage. An insect in one stage often looks and behaves differently than it does in another!

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It helps us know the specifics of the insect. It allows us to differ between pests and non harmful insects. It allows us to know different characteristics of an insect just from its name

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It helps us know the specifics of the insect. It allows us to differ between pests and non harmful insects. It allows us to know different characteristics of an insect just from its name

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The genus is the generic name whereas the species is the specific name in a binomial nomenclature. For example, Allium cepa (commonly known as onion). The Allium is the generic name whereas the cepa is the specific name

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The genus is the generic name whereas the species is the specific name in a binomial nomenclature. For example, Allium cepa (commonly known as onion). The Allium is the generic name whereas the cepa is the specific name

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Every recognized species on earth (at least in theory) is given a two-part scientific name. This system is called "binomial nomenclature." These names are important because they allow people throughout the world to communicate unambiguously about animal species.

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Every recognized species on earth (at least in theory) is given a two-part scientific name. This system is called "binomial nomenclature." These names are important because they allow people throughout the world to communicate unambiguously about animal species.

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All living things, like plants, have a scientific name and a common name. The scientific name is always in the language of latin or greek, and has two parts: a genus and a species. The common name is what we use everyday to talk about living things around us. Some common names even have animals in them!

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All living things, like plants, have a scientific name and a common name. The scientific name is always in the language of latin or greek, and has two parts: a genus and a species. The common name is what we use everyday to talk about living things around us. Some common names even have animals in them!

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https://garfieldconservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Whats-in-a-Name-At-GPC-4.pdf
https://animaldiversity.org/animal_names/scientific_name/#:~:text=Every%20recognized%20species%20on%20earth,communicate%20unambiguously%20about%20animal%20species.
https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/genus#:~:text=The%20genus%2Dspecies%20format%20is,cepa%20is%20the%20specific%20name.

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minute antennae, extremely large eyes (filling most of the head), two pairs of transparent membranous wings with many small veins, a long slender abdomen, an aquatic larval stage (nymph) with posterior tracheal gills, and a prehensile labium 

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minute antennae, extremely large eyes (filling most of the head), two pairs of transparent membranous wings with many small veins, a long slender abdomen, an aquatic larval stage (nymph) with posterior tracheal gills, and a prehensile labium 

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They can fly straight up and down, hover like a helicopter and even mate mid-air. If they can't fly, they'll starve because they only eat prey they catch while flying. 7 ) Dragonflies catch their insect prey by grabbing it with their feet.

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They can fly straight up and down, hover like a helicopter and even mate mid-air. If they can't fly, they'll starve because they only eat prey they catch while flying. 7 ) Dragonflies catch their insect prey by grabbing it with their feet.

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https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/14-fun-facts-about-dragonflies-96882693/#:~:text=They%20can%20fly%20straight%20up,grabbing%20it%20with%20their%20feet.
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/odonatoida.html#:~:text=Many%20characteristics%20distinguish%20Odonata%20from,gills%2C%20and%20a%20prehensile%20labium%20(
https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/odonata/odonata.htm#:~:text=dragonflies%20and%20damselflies%2C%20Odonata

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Flying insects are usually annoying. Mosquitoes bite you, leaving itchy red welts. Bees and wasps sting. Flies are just disgusting. But there's something magical about dragonflies.

1 ) Dragonflies were some of the first winged insects to evolve, some 300 million years ago. Modern dragonflies have wingspans of only two to five inches, but fossil dragonflies have been found with wingspans of up to two feet.

2 ) Some scientists theorize that high oxygen levels during the Paleozoic era allowed dragonflies to grow to monster size.

3 ) There are more than 5,000 known species of dragonflies, all of which (along with damselflies) belong to the order Odonata, which means "toothed one" in Greek and refers to the dragonfly's serrated teeth.

4 ) In their larval stage, which can last up to two years, dragonflies are aquatic and eat just about anything-tadpoles, mosquitoes, fish, other insect larvae and even each other.

5 ) At the end of its larval stage, the dragonfly crawls out of the water, then its exoskeleton cracks open and releases the insect's abdomen, which had been packed in like a telescope. Its four wings come out, and they dry and harden over the next several hours to days.

6 ) Dragonflies are expert fliers. They can fly straight up and down, hover like a helicopter and even mate mid-air. If they can't fly, they'll starve because they only eat prey they catch while flying.

7 ) Dragonflies catch their insect prey by grabbing it with their feet. They're so efficient in their hunting that, in one Harvard University study, the dragonflies caught 90 to 95 percent of the prey released into their enclosure.

8 ) The flight of the dragonfly is so special that it has inspired engineers who dream of making robots that fly like dragonflies.

9 ) Some adult dragonflies live for only a few weeks while others live up to a year.

10 ) Nearly all of the dragonfly's head is eye, so they have incredible vision that encompasses almost every angle except right behind them.

11 ) Dragonflies, which eat insects as adults, are a great control on the mosquito population. A single dragonfly can eat 30 to hundreds of mosquitoes per day.

12 ) Hundreds of dragonflies of different species will gather in swarms, either for feeding or migration. Little is known about this behavior, but the Dragonfly Swarm Project is collecting reports on swarms to better understand the behavior. (Report a swarm here.)

13 ) Scientists have tracked migratory dragonflies by attaching tiny transmitters to wings with a combination of eyelash adhesive and superglue. They found that green darners from New Jersey traveled only every third day and an average of 7.5 miles per day (though one dragonfly traveled 100 miles in a single day).

14 ) A dragonfly called the globe skinner has the longest migration of any insect-11,000 miles back and forth across the Indian Ocean.

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Flying insects are usually annoying. Mosquitoes bite you, leaving itchy red welts. Bees and wasps sting. Flies are just disgusting. But there's something magical about dragonflies. 1 ) Dragonflies were some of the first winged insects to evolve, some 300 million years ago.

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presence of mouthparts that are modified into an elongate, sucking beak. Most hemipteran adults possess "hemelytra", which are modified fore wings with a leathery base and membranous distal half 

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presence of mouthparts that are modified into an elongate, sucking beak. Most hemipteran adults possess "hemelytra", which are modified fore wings with a leathery base and membranous distal half 

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They may have long or short antennae having four or five segments. Their legs are adapted for grasping or for walking, and sometimes for swimming. Some can fly, some have lost their wings. Many true bugs have scent glands on the sides of the thorax.

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They may have long or short antennae having four or five segments. Their legs are adapted for grasping or for walking, and sometimes for swimming. Some can fly, some have lost their wings. Many true bugs have scent glands on the sides of the thorax.

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http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Hemiptera/#:~:text=They%20may%20have%20long%20or,the%20sides%20of%20the%20thorax.
https://dep.wv.gov/WWE/getinvolved/sos/Documents/Benthic/UMW/Hemiptera.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiptera#:~:text=Hemiptera%20(%2Fh%C9%9B%CB%88m,bed%20bugs%2C%20and%20shield%20bugs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiptera#:~:text=Hemiptera%20(%2Fh%C9%9B%CB%88m,bed%20bugs%2C%20and%20shield%20bugs.

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What do they look like?

Different kinds of true bugs can be very different sizes. The smallest are only a few millimeters long. The largest, the cicadas, can sometimes be 50 millimeters long.

True bugs have lots of different shapes. They may have long or short antennae having four or five segments. Their legs are adapted for grasping or for walking, and sometimes for swimming. Some can fly, some have lost their wings. Many true bugs have scent glands on the sides of the thorax. These glands make stinky chemicals that repel predators.

The mouth parts of true bugs have evolved into a long thin beak. They only eat liquid foods. The beak extends back between the legs to rest against the underside of the bug, and they swing it down and forward for use during feeding. The beak is made up of thin blades that are sharp at the end, and have a segmented cover. There are two channels in the beak, one spitting out saliva to keep the food flowing, and one for sucking in liquid food. Some true bugs can give a painful bite.

Adult true bugs have two pairs of wings, except for a few groups that have evolved to lose their wings. In one big group of true bugs, the front pair of wings are partly leathery, partly clear.

In most true bug species, males and females look similar.

Where do they live?

There are over 82,000 species of true bugs, including about 134 families, and they are found all around the world. Nobody knows exactly how many species there are in Michigan, but it is at least 2,000.

What kind of habitat do they need?

True bugs are found in nearly all land and freshwater habitats, except very coldest. The only group of insects that have evolved to live on the ocean are true bugs. True bug groups are most diverse and abundant in habitats on land that are moist and have a lot of plant life.

How do they grow?

True bugs go through a simple metamorphosis. After they hatch, the young bugs look very much like their parents, but they don't have wings. They grow and shed their skin five times. After the last time they shed, they have wings and are mature and can reproduce. They don't grow any more. In cold climates like Michigan, some true bug species survive the winter in the egg stage, some in the adult stage.

Some true bugs, like aphids, have more complicated life cycles, where females can give birth without mating during the summer, and then at the end of the summer, produce offspring that mate and go to another plant to spend the winter. In the spring their offspring go back to the original kind of plant and start the cycle again.

How long do they live?

Most species live for a year or less.

How do they behave?

Some true bugs are active in the daytime, others hunt at night, it varies by species. Most true bugs are solitary and don't come together except to mate, but some species live in groups. They don't interact very much, they seem to stay together just for protection (the group-living species usually have strong chemical defense which is probably even stronger when a whole bunch release their chemicals together).

The larger true bugs don't travel far, they tend to live in the place where they are born. Some of the aquatic bugs live in ponds that dry up though, and they will fly to new ponds. Some of the very small true bugs, like aphids, get blown on the wind and can travel very far that way.

How do they communicate with each other?

Like all insects, true bugs use scent and touch to communicate. They may also use their vision, but many species can't see very well. Many true bugs use sound and vibrations to communicate. The cicadas are one group of true bugs that are famous for the sounds they make. They gather in large numbers and form choruses, where thousands of insects call from one place. Their smaller relatives also communicate to each other. They don't have the special sound-producting organ that cicadas do. Instead they drum their bodies on branches and twigs.

Some species of true bugs are mimics, they pretend to be ants, and sneak into ant nests to eat ant larvae.

What do they eat?

True bugs take liquid food from plants or animals. Some suck plant sap, others dissolve seeds, some sip out the juice from cells in the leaves. Many true bugs are predators, stabbing their prey (usually other insects, sometimes other animals including vertebrates, like mammals and birds, snails, or spiders) and sucking out their blood or body fluids. For example, stink bugs feed on caterpillars and some aquatic bugs feed on mosquito larvae. Bed bugs are a parasitic member of the true bug group -- the feed on mammal blood, including humans.

What eats them and how do they avoid being eaten?

Since true bugs are so diverse and so common, they have many predators.

Different true bugs have different defenses against predators. Most true bugs have camouflage colors so predators can't see them easily. Many have glands that produce chemicals that smell or taste bad. This repels predators. If they have strong chemical defense, they may have warning colors instead of camouflage. A few true bugs mimic other more dangerous insects, like ants or wasps. Some of the predatory true bugs can bite. Adult true bugs will fly away if they can.

What roles do they have in the ecosystem?

True Bugs are consumers. Some are herbivores, some are predators, some are parasites.

Do they cause problems?

Some species of true bugs feed on the blood of mammals, including people. Bed bugs are true bugs. One group of species in Central and South America carry a dangerous disease from one person to another. The bites and droppings of other species cause skin irritations.

Many plant-sucking bugs cause damage to crops and landscaping. For example aphids are major pests of many food plants.

How do they interact with us?

A few true bug species keep harmful insects under control. In addition, gall-producing true bugs are potentially useful in controlling particular weed species.

Some true bugs include blood-sucking bed bugs, kissing bugs, assassin bugs, ambush bugs, stink bugs, chinch bugs, backswimmers, water boatmen, and marsh treaders. Aphids, cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers and scale insects are also in this large group.

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BioKIDS - Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species, Hemiptera: INFORMATION

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Different kinds of true bugs can be very different sizes. The smallest are only a few millimeters long. The largest, the cicadas, can sometimes be 50 millimeters long. True bugs have lots of different shapes. They may have long or short antennae having four or five segments.

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Antennae short, 6-10 segments.Head narrow anteriorly forming a conical mouth opening.Body cylindrical or spindle-shaped.Front and hind wings slender, rod-like, with a dense fringe of long hairs. Many species are secondarily wingless.Tarsi 1-2 segmented, with eversible adhesive bladders apically.

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Antennae short, 6-10 segments.Head narrow anteriorly forming a conical mouth opening.Body cylindrical or spindle-shaped.Front and hind wings slender, rod-like, with a dense fringe of long hairs. Many species are secondarily wingless.Tarsi 1-2 segmented, with eversible adhesive bladders apically.

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Minute, slender bodies.Most are only a few mm long. ...Short antennae.Mouthparts stylet-like and asymmetrical, but require a microscope to be examined.2 pairs of equal-sized wings narrow with long hair fringes around the entire margins and reduced venation.Some species wingless.

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Minute, slender bodies.Most are only a few mm long. ...Short antennae.Mouthparts stylet-like and asymmetrical, but require a microscope to be examined.2 pairs of equal-sized wings narrow with long hair fringes around the entire margins and reduced venation.Some species wingless.

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https://www.bumblebee.org/invertebrates/Thysanoptera.htm
https://www.google.com/search?q=Thysanoptera+Characteristics&ei=yXvyY6i_JvClptQP4ey2uAg&ved=0ahUKEwjox-WKrKL9AhXwkokEHWG2DYcQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=Thysanoptera+Characteristics&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQAzIKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzIKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzIKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzIKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzIKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzIKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzIKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzIKCAAQRxDWBBCwA0oECEEYAFC2A1i2A2C0BWgBcAF4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAqABAcgBCMABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=Order%20Thysanoptera%20%7C%20ENT,insect%2Didentification%20%E2%80%BA%20order%2D...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrips#:~:text=Thrips%20(order%20Thysanoptera)%20are%20minute,have%20described%20approximately%206%2C000%20species.

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Bumblebee.org - Invertebrates - Torphins wood - Homework Answers - Windowbox gardens -Fiction

Thysanoptera fast facts

Minute, slender bodies.

Most are only a few mm long. The largest, Idolothrips spectrum, an Australian species, is 12 mm long and was discovered by Charles Darwin. Largest British species is 7 mm long.

Short antennae.

Mouthparts stylet-like and asymmetrical, but require a microscope to be examined.

2 pairs of equal-sized wings narrow with long hair fringes around the entire margins and reduced venation.

Some species wingless.

Legs terminate in adhesive pads.

Though to be most closely related to the Hemiptera (bugs).

About 6,000 described worldwide, over 570 in Europe, 179 in British Isles.

Fossil record goes as far back as the Triassic.

Greek thysanos = fringe, pteron = wing.

Sometimes called thunder flies as they tend to be more active in hot, thundery weather.

Thrips is both singular and plural.

The adult thrips (see drawing below) are usually brown or black and are commonly found in flowers. They are not usually active in winter. The easiest way to find one is to pull a dandelion flower apart over white paper or a white tray.

Most adults feed by piercing plant cells and sucking the sap. Some live on fungi, and a few suck the juices of other insects. Some species can be crop pests, e.g. onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) and grain thrips (Limothrip cerealium) and they can transmit diseases between plants, but they do also pollinate the flowers they visit.

The wings are coupled together by hooks on the hind wing. Some species are wingless, and some have short non-functional wings. Even within a species the wing development can vary.

Mouthparts. Thrips have very unusual mouthparts. Only the left mandible (jaw) is present, and it is formed into a piercing needle to push into the food source. The liquid food is sucked up through a narrow tube formed by the 2 maxillae. The fungal and predatory species have slightly different mouthparts, but the right mandible is missing in all species.

Eggs are usually laid on plants, and some females have a saw-like ovipositor that enables them to place their eggs in the plant. The eggs hatch in 2 - 20 days depending on the species.

The larva resemble the adults, but do not have wings. On hatching they suck plant sap. Later some may become carnivorous. They pupate in soil or leaf litter.

Related pages

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Bumblebee.org - Invertebrates - Torphins wood - Homework Answers - Windowbox gardens -Fiction Thysanoptera fast facts Minute, slender bodies. Most are only a few mm long. The largest, Idolothrips spectrum, an Australian species, is 12 mm long and was discovered by Charles Darwin. Largest British species is 7 mm long.

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Orthopterans have a generally cylindrical body, with elongated hindlegs and musculature adapted for jumping. They have mandibulate mouthparts for biting and chewing and large compound eyes, and may or may not have ocelli, depending on the species.

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Orthopterans have a generally cylindrical body, with elongated hindlegs and musculature adapted for jumping. They have mandibulate mouthparts for biting and chewing and large compound eyes, and may or may not have ocelli, depending on the species.

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Orthoptera can produce up to five songs during courtship: normal song, courtship song, assault song, copulation song and the rivals' duet. The egg laying organ of Orthoptera is called the ovipositor and this structure varies in form and can be used to identify different species.

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Orthoptera can produce up to five songs during courtship: normal song, courtship song, assault song, copulation song and the rivals' duet. The egg laying organ of Orthoptera is called the ovipositor and this structure varies in form and can be used to identify different species.

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https://orthoptera.org.uk/fun_facts#:~:text=Orthoptera%20can%20produce%20up%20to,used%20to%20identify%20different%20species.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoptera#:~:text=meaning%20%22wing%22.-,Characteristics,ocelli%2C%20depending%20on%20the%20species.
https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=orthoptera#:~:text=Orthoptera%3A%20grasshoppers%20and%20crickets.

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Orthoptera had exciting times during the ice age; a time when they were forced to inhabit restricted zones (ice free locations in southern Europe). As the ice retreated they were able to expand again across Europe and different populations met forming hybrid zones. The different Orthoptera races had developed new songs and differed genetically.

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The winged Hymenoptera possess two pairs of membranous wings with relatively few veins. Generally, they have chewing mouthparts, but may be modified to form a tonquelike structure (bees). The antennae are fairly long. The abdomen may be fused broadly to the thorax or attached narrowly by the propodeum.

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The winged Hymenoptera possess two pairs of membranous wings with relatively few veins. Generally, they have chewing mouthparts, but may be modified to form a tonquelike structure (bees). The antennae are fairly long. The abdomen may be fused broadly to the thorax or attached narrowly by the propodeum.

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In the Hymenoptera, females develop from fertilized eggs and males develop from unfertilized eggs. Since females control whether or not an egg is fertilized, they can regulate the sex ratio of their offspring. 2. The fairyflies (family Mymaridae) are probably the world's smallest insects.

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In the Hymenoptera, females develop from fertilized eggs and males develop from unfertilized eggs. Since females control whether or not an egg is fertilized, they can regulate the sex ratio of their offspring. 2. The fairyflies (family Mymaridae) are probably the world's smallest insects.

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https://genent.cals.ncsu.edu/insect-identification/hymenoptera/#:~:text=In%20the%20Hymenoptera%2C%20females%20develop,probably%20the%20world's%20smallest%20insects.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Hymenoptera+Characteristics&ei=-3zyY5ygB7KgptQPgcGMoAE&ved=0ahUKEwjcibucraL9AhUykIkEHYEgAxQQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=Hymenoptera+Characteristics&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQAzIFCAAQgAQyCQgAEBYQHhDxBDIJCAAQFhAeEPEEMgkIABAWEB4Q8QQyCQgAEBYQHhDxBDIJCAAQFhAeEPEEMgkIABAWEB4Q8QQyBQgAEIYDMgUIABCGAzoKCAAQRxDWBBCwAzoHCAAQsAMQQzoNCAAQ5AIQ1gQQsAMYAToMCC4QyAMQsAMQQxgCSgQIQRgAUIMDWIMDYLEHaAFwAXgAgAHmAYgB5gGSAQMyLTGYAQCgAQKgAQHIARLAAQHaAQYIARABGAnaAQYIAhABGAg&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&safe=active&ssui=on#:~:text=Order%20Hymenoptera%20%2D%20Ants,hymenoptera%2Dants%2Dbee...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenoptera#:~:text=Hymenoptera%20is%20a%20large%20order,wasps%2C%20bees%2C%20and%20ants.

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1. In the Hymenoptera, females develop from fertilized eggs and males develop from unfertilized eggs. Since females control whether or not an egg is fertilized, they can regulate the sex ratio of their offspring. 2. The fairyflies (family Mymaridae) are probably the world's smallest insects. They parasitize the eggs of other insects.

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However, the order is typically characterized by a pair of elytra (hardened front wings) and a pair of membranous hind wings. They have chewing mouthparts that may be slightly modified for various functions and undergo complete metamorphosis.

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However, the order is typically characterized by a pair of elytra (hardened front wings) and a pair of membranous hind wings. They have chewing mouthparts that may be slightly modified for various functions and undergo complete metamorphosis.