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Social Justice (Late 19th C.- Early 20th C.)

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Social Justice (Late 19th C.- Early 20th C.)

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- Progressives sought to help those in need, including African Americans, women, other ethnic groups, immigrants, etc.

Jane Addams, Lillian Wald, Ellen Gates Starr
- Led settlement houses in the 1880's.
- Provided education, social services, health care.

Child Labor
- The National Child Labor Committee urged passage of labor legislation to ban child labor in the industrial district.
- In the 1990's, one out of every six children between ages of five and ten were working in the US
- The National Child Labor Committee succeeded in 1938 when a new law outlawed the interstate trade of products produced by children under sixteen.

Florence Kelly
- Was the first general secretary of the National Consumers League.
- Opposed sweatshop labor
- Urged the passage of the eight-hour- workday law, to protect women.

Triangle Factory Fire, New York
- Fire that broke out in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company on the eighth floor on March 25th 1911.
- Resulted in the death of 146 garment workers (mostly young immigrant women)
- Convinced politicians to change workplace safety laws and codes.

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Commission system
- Started in 1901, Texas.
- each commissioner was responsible for one operation of the city, water commissioner, fire commissioner, police commissioner, etc.
- widely used by most US states today.

City manager form of government
- started in 1908, Virginia.
- made one person the city manager that oversaw daily city activities and understood the cities elemental needs.
- 3,700 cities use this system.

Robert La Follette
-served as senator of Wisconsin from 1906-1925
- signed the law of the first workman's compensation system.
- approved the minimum wage law
- developed a progressive tax law
- advocated for women's suffrage.

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- Believed America was beyond reform and needed a revolution.

SPA (The Socialist Party of America)
- Founded in 1901
- Advocated for change via a ballot box
- Elected socialists in positions at local, state and federal levels to create change.
- Elected over seventy socialist mayors, and over thirty state legislators, and two U.S. congressmen from 1901-1918.

IWW or Wobblies (The Industrial Workers of the World)
- founded in 1905
- placed an emphasis on worker empowerment.
- played a role in major strikes
- Government viewed them as a threat. and targeted them with violence, arrests, tar-0and0featherings, shootings, and lynchings.

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Expanding Democracy (Late 19th C. - Early 21st C.)

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Expanding Democracy (Late 19th C. - Early 21st C.)

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- Progressives believed perfected democracy was healthy for the growth of a country.

Direct primary
- Was first adopted by South Carolina in 1896 for statewide elections.
- Adopted in 1901 by Florida in nominations for presidency.

Recall
- adopted by 12 states by 1920.

Progressives pushed for democratic reform
- The seventeenth amendment replaces previous system 1913.