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Definition: a superficial wound to the skin caused by scraping against a rough surface, resulting in a scrape or brush burn

. Immediate care: cleaning the wound with soap and water, applying a topical antibiotic, and a non-stick bandage to keep it moist.

Post-care: Change the bandage daily and watch for signs of infection. See a doctor if bleeding doesn’t stop or the wound is large.

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Definition: A deep cut or tear in the skin, often caused by sharp objects.

Initial Care: Stop bleeding, clean the wound, cover with a sterile bandage.

Post Care: May need stitches if deep; watch for signs of infection. Get medical help if edges won’t stay closed or if cut is long/deep.

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Definition: A clean, straight cut usually from a sharp edge (such as a surgical knife).

Initial Care: Stop bleeding, clean and cover.

Post Care: Often requires stitches; keep area clean and dry. Follow up with a healthcare provider if done during surgery.

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Definition: A small, deep hole made by a pointed object (like a nail or needle).

Initial Care: Let bleed slightly to remove germs, clean area, cover it.

Post Care: Watch for infection (redness, pus, fever), consider tetanus shot. See a doctor for deep or dirty punctures.

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Definition: A wound where tissue is forcibly torn away (can include skin, muscle).

Initial Care: Control bleeding, wrap tissue gently; save torn tissue if possible for possible reattachment.

Post Care: Immediate medical attention, possible surgery or stitches.

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Definition: A bruise; injury to tissue without breaking the skin, usually from blunt force.

Initial Care: Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE).

Post Care: Monitor for increasing pain/swelling. Seek medical help if severe or associated with other injuries.

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Definition: A collection of blood outside blood vessels (swelling near/under skin from internal bleeding).

Initial Care: Apply ice, compress gently.

Post Care: Large hematomas may need medical drainage; seek help if very painful or doesn't improve.

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Definition: Tissue damage caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation.

Initial Care: Cool with water, cover loosely with sterile dressing (don't use ice!).

Post Care: Minor burns—keep clean, monitor healing. Severe burns need emergency treatment—potential hospital care.

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1. Universal Precaution Concept and wound care

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1. Universal Precaution Concept and wound care

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Universal Precautions require treating all blood and bodily fluids as potentially infectious, using protective barriers like gloves, gowns, and masks. When caring for wounds, always perform thorough hand hygiene, wear gloves, use clean or sterile supplies, and avoid contaminating the wound or supplies.

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Remove gloves by pinching the outside near the wrist without touching skin, peel off inside out keeping the first glove inside the second, discard safely, and wash hands immediately afterward to prevent contamination.

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3. Recognizing and Treating Infected Wounds

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3. Recognizing and Treating Infected Wounds

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Signs of infection include redness spreading beyond the wound, swelling, increased pain, warmth, pus or foul odor, and fever. Treat by cleaning gently with saline or soap and water, keeping the wound covered with a sterile dressing, and seeking medical care for antibiotics if needed.

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4. Proper Cleaning and Dressing (Supplies Needed)

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4. Proper Cleaning and Dressing (Supplies Needed)

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Wear gloves and gather sterile gauze, saline or mild soap, antibiotic ointment if advised, bandages, tape, scissors, and clean towels. First wash hands, stop bleeding with pressure, clean gently, pat dry, apply ointment if appropriate, cover with sterile dressing, secure it lightly, and discard used materials.

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Dispose of used gloves, bandages, and gauze in lined or biohazard containers immediately after use. Proper disposal prevents the spread of infection to caregivers and others, maintaining a safe environment.

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6. Handwashing Before and After Wound Care

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6. Handwashing Before and After Wound Care

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Handwashing is critical before handling wounds and immediately after glove removal. Proper washing involves rubbing hands with soap for at least 15 seconds, rinsing thoroughly under running water, drying with disposable towels, and using a towel to turn off the faucet.

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7. Excessive Bleeding: Signs and Immediate Steps

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7. Excessive Bleeding: Signs and Immediate Steps

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Excessive bleeding is shown by blood soaking through bandages quickly, pulsing blood flow, pale or clammy skin, dizziness, or weakness. Immediately apply firm pressure, elevate the injured area if possible, add more dressings without removing soaked ones, and seek emergency help.

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8. Importance and Care of Covered Wounds

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8. Importance and Care of Covered Wounds

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Keeping wounds covered protects them from germs, reduces injury risk, maintains moisture for healing, and controls bleeding. Dressings should be changed daily or whenever they become wet, dirty, or loose, depending on wound condition and professional guidance.