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The first successful textile mill was built by Samuel Slater in Pawtucket, R.I

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Eli Whitney created Interchangeable parts that would spread up the making of guns. Identical parts would fit together and Gunsmiths would not have to build each gun from scratch so they would save time and money.

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Boys and girls as young as 7 worked in factories, they were useful for the small size and being able to squeeze around large machines. Many people now believe child labor is cruel yet back in the 1800s most people didn't see a big difference from children working in a factory and on farms, and often child's wages were needed to support their families.

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Lowell girls were young women from nearby farms that were hired to work in the mills. The work was dangerous but the women valued the economic freedom they got from working in the mills.

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Jethro Wood began making an Iron plow with replaceable parts. John Deere improved on the idea when he made a lightweight steel plow. Earlier plows needed to be pulled by oxen but a horse that is faster then a ox can pull a steel plow.

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Philo Stewart made a cast-iron stove that was small enough to use in an average size kitchen. His new invention was very popular about 90,000 were sold.

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Lowell, Massachusetts boasted more than 10,00 people, visitors described it as a model community. coming to towns like this meant there was many job opportunities that had better pay.

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Cyrus McCormick opened a factory that made mechanical reapers, they were horse-drawn machines that cut and gathered wheat. The reaper was able to do the work of five people using hand tools.

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The growing cities had many problems. The gravel streets turned into mud-holes when it rained, the cities had no sewers, and people threw garbage into the streets. this garbage often seeped into wells and rivers polluting the water, the polluted water spread diseases killing thousands of people.

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The cities offered more than just work, they also had attractions. Theaters, museums, and circuses created excitement and cities also had many fine stores that sold the latest fashion.