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Cortez, Jun | ARC 201

Subject: The painting shows dead gladiators being dragged into the underground chamber of a Roman arena.

Form: It is a large oil painting in academic realism style, using dramatic lighting, dark tones, and strong composition.

Content: It symbolizes the suffering and oppression of Filipinos under Spanish colonization.

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Pablo “Abi” Baen Santos’s Malumbay Si Ina (1983)

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Pablo “Abi” Baen Santos’s Malumbay Si Ina (1983)

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Ocampo, Angelo Y. ARC 201

Subject:

The painting shows a very large face looking down at many people.

The face has a tear falling from its eye.

The people below look like they are suffering and struggling.

Form:

The artist used dark colors to show sadness and pain.

The brushstrokes are strong and full of movement.

The size of the face compared to the people makes it very dramatic.

Content:

The painting shows the heavy struggles and suffering of people.

It also shows care and sadness for their pain.

It gives a message about compassion and the reality of human suffering.

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A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1886)

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A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1886)

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Subject: The painting shows Parisians relaxing in a park on a sunny Sunday afternoon.

Form: The painter used Pointillism, applying tiny dots of color to create a structured and vibrant scene.

Content: The painter wanted to explore modern leisure, social life, and the harmony between art and science.

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Carlos "Botong" Francisco's Harana (1957)

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Carlos "Botong" Francisco's Harana (1957)

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Ubay, Jam C.

ARC201

• Subject:

The painting shows the Filipino tradition of harana, where a man serenades a woman as part of courtship.

• Form:

It is rendered in Botong Francisco’s modernist, mural-like style with elongated figures, vivid colors, and rhythmic composition.

• Content:

The work celebrates Filipino values of love, romance, and cultural heritage through the depiction of this traditional practice.

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Subject:
The painting shows street children along EDSA, one of the busiest roads in Metro Manila.

Form:
Borlongan used expressionist style with strong brushstrokes, muted colors, and figures that look exaggerated instead of realistic.

Content:
For me, the artwork shows the hard life of children in the city. It makes me see how kids grow up exposed to struggles and survive on the streets of EDSA.

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Eugène Delacroix's "Liberty Leading the People"  (1830)

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Eugène Delacroix's "Liberty Leading the People"  (1830)

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CUNANAN, BRYAN | ARC 201

Subject

The painting shows Liberty as a woman leading a group of people during the French Revolution of 1830. She holds a flag and a gun, symbolizing freedom.

Content

It represents the fight for freedom and equality in France. It was made after the July Revolution when people rose against the king.

Form

The style is romanticism full of emotion, movement, and dramatic colors. The shapes and figures look realistic but also very dramatic to show power and struggle.

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Rembrandt van Rijn’s The Night Watch (1642)

Subject: The painting depicts Captain Frans Banning Cocq and his militia preparing for a civic mission, surrounded by guardsmen in dynamic motion.

Content: Symbolism of vigilance, civic pride, and latent unrest. The illuminated girl and crimson sash serve as allegorical anchors.

Form: A monumental oil painting measuring approximately 3.6 meters by 4.4 meters. Renowned for its dramatic chiaroscuro and rhythmic composition.

Context: Created during the Dutch Golden Age, it reflects Amsterdam’s republican spirit and the performative nature of public duty.

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SUBJECT: The painting consists of 3 noticeable characters which are the Small fishing boats, mount fuji in the background, and the main subject of the painting, the Giant waves, hence its name.

FORM: the infamous painting is a ‘ukiyo-e’ also known as woodblock print, utilizing contrasting colors of deep blue, beige, white, bringing focus to the subject.

CONTENT: The scene of the painting depicts giant waves crashing over small fishing boats, as mount fuji stands calmly behind the distance, conveying the message of mother natures power over humans, containing both beauty and power.

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Leonardo da Vinci - The Last Supper (1498)

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Leonardo da Vinci - The Last Supper (1498)

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Almojela, Chelsea Dyanne

ARC 201

• Subject: The painting shows Jesus's final meal with his twelve apostles before his crucifixion.

• Form: It is painted using a unique technique of tempera and oil on a dry wall.

• Content: It depicts Jesus's final meal with his apostles just before his arrest, a scene wherein Jesus declaring one of them would betray him and for instituting the sacrament of the Eucharist.

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Subject: The mural depicts a group of builders engaged in construction work specifically working together in building an edifice. The subjects are stripped off of any individual characteristics, representing a collective human fatigue rather than personal identity.

Form: It is a large oil horizontal mural, enriched with muted browns and grays with heavy and textured application of paint. It is filled with distorted proportions and leans towards an expressionist style.

Content: The mural symbolizes the builders' strength, endurance and collective spirit of the Filipino working class. The distorted muscular forms delineate the strong and resilient nature of the the Filipino working class but emphasizes on them being overworked. As it is borderline grotesque imaging, it highlights the truth of the social struggle of the Filipinos.

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Macadangdang, Jayce | ARC 201

Subject: The painting shows a young woman holding a red clay pot. She is dressed in traditional clothing, including a patterned headscarf and a light, semi-transparent blouse with a local print. Her expression is serene, and she looks slightly to her left, not directly at the viewer.

Form: It is an Oil Painting with Realistic and Impressionistic influences using brilliant colors and light.

Content: The dalagang bukid represents the idealized image of a sweet, pure, and hardworking Filipina, embodying innocence and a deep connection to the beauty of rural, agrarian life.

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The School of Athens by Raphael (1509-1511)

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The School of Athens by Raphael (1509-1511)

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Subject: The fresco shows ancient greek philosophers and scholars, led by Plato and Aristotle, gathered in discussion inside a classical hall.

Form: It is a Renaissance fresco that uses perspective, symmetry, and lifelike figures to create a sense of depth and harmony.

Content: It symbolizes the sharing of knowledge, the pursuit of philosophy, and the intellectual spirit of the Renaissance.

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Carlos "Botong" Francisco's Kasaysayan ng Lahi mural (Filipino Struggles Through History)

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Carlos "Botong" Francisco's Kasaysayan ng Lahi mural (Filipino Struggles Through History)

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Subject:

The artwork contains different people minding their own businesses. Which shows their way of life from pre-colonial times, through colonization and revolution, up to postwar nation-building which highlights the struggles, heroes, and resilience that shaped the Philippines.

Form:

It is a large-scale mural painting or a monumental historical mural that combines realism and stylized figures to narrate the Filipino people’s journey through time.

Content:

The artwork symbolizes the identity, resilience, and unity of the Filipino people throughout history.

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Madonna of the Slums (1950) by Vicente Manansala

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Madonna of the Slums (1950) by Vicente Manansala

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Subject: The artwork shows a mother and child that is in a lower-class settlement, Madonna and the Child showing the suffering of ordinary Filipinos living in poverty.

Form: Manansala Vicente use Cubist art style with oil painting also muted tones within fragmented but shows clear figures.

Content: The artwork conveys a message with a compassion and awareness of the struggles of the lower-class people, showing that even in poverty there is a dignity, resilience and hope. it wants to be reminded the society to recognize this social inequality and value the humanity.

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Fernando Amorsolo's painting "Planting Rice"

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Fernando Amorsolo's painting "Planting Rice"

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LUCES, Claraine Airah E. | ARC201

Subject: The subject of Planting Rice by Fernando Amorsolo is a group of Filipino farmers working together in a rice field. It portrays rural life and the traditional practice of rice planting in the Philippines.

Form: The form of the painting features a realistic style with warm, vibrant colors and masterful use of natural lighting, especially sunlight. Amorsolo uses oil on canvas with soft brushstrokes to create a harmonious and idyllic rural scene.

Content: It highlights the Filipino people's close connection to the land and their hardworking and cooperative spirit. It reflects themes of rural life, tradition, and national identity through a peaceful and sunlit farming scene.

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JOSE JOYA’S BLUE PERIOD SERIES “BLUE HARBOR” (1966)

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JOSE JOYA’S BLUE PERIOD SERIES “BLUE HARBOR” (1966)

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Subject: The painting “Blue Harbor” by Jose Joya depicts an abstract impression of a harbor, evoking the sea, boats, and coastal atmosphere.

Form: It uses an abstract expressionist style with dynamic brushstrokes, layered textures, and a palette dominated by blues, greens, and earthy tones.

Content: The artwork conveys movement, rhythm, and energy of a bustling harbor, symbolizing harmony between nature and human activity.

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Salvador’s Dali’s The Persistence of Memory (1931)

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Salvador’s Dali’s The Persistence of Memory (1931)

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Baysa, Angel M.D. | ARC-201

Subject: Dalí uses surreal, dreamlike imagery—melting clocks, a barren landscape, and organic shapes to visualize the subjective nature of time and memory.

Form: The Persistence of Memory is a small oil-on-canvas surrealist painting with a balanced composition, realistic detail, naturalistic colors, and strong perspective that contrasts melting clocks in the foreground with a vast, calm landscape in the background.

Content: The most iconic feature is the melting or drooping clocks, symbolizing the fluid and non-linear nature of time, challenging its rigidity and permanence.

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Vicente Manansala's Station of the Cross murals (1955)

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Vicente Manansala's Station of the Cross murals (1955)

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Malonzo, Erold James A. / ARC 201

Subject: The painting shows the crucifixion of Christ while being mourned by mother mary.

Form: It is a large painting in a wall called mural with a style of expressionism.

Content: It shows the suffering of the son of God Jesus Christ to take the sins of the humanity.

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Subject:

‎The subject of Whistler’s Mother (Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1) is Anna McNeill Whistler, the artist’s mother.

Form:

James McNeill Whistler’s “Whistler’s Mother” (officially titled Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1, 1871) is an oil on canvas painting. It is a 2D representational artwork (a painting).Realist with strong emphasis on tonal harmony and composition.

Content:

It reflects themes of motherhood, aging, and dignity, presenting the mother as calm, strong, and enduring.

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Subject:

The painting shows a group of laborers engaged in construction work, their bodies bent and strained under the weight of hard labor.

Form:

It is a modernist oil painting using earthy tones, rough brushstrokes, and distorted human figures, moving away from academic realism toward expressionism.

Content:

It symbolizes the strength, dignity, and struggles of the working class, emphasizing their vital role in building both structures and the nation.

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Subject

The painting portrays fishermen working together to haul their catch using nets—strong, laboring figures captured mid-action.

Form

Executed in oil on canvas, His signature figurative expressionist style shines through: angular, geometric forms, intense outlines, and dynamic composition.

Content

Symbolically, the fish can represent enlightenment or spiritual revelation, while the struggle mirrors the tension between ignorance and faith

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Subject: The "Batang EDSA" painting shows two children on EDSA, one stepping off a bus with what appears to be a block of wood (contains cigarettes and candies) and the other holding a garland of sampaguita.

Form: It is a figurative oil painting with distorted proportions, expressive colors, and a surreal urban backdrop.

Content: It reflects the harsh realities of poverty, survival, and resilience of children in the streets of Manila.

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Subject: The painting portrays a man and a woman embracing, their bodies covered in elaborate robes, kneeling on a flowery meadow.

Form: It is an oil painting with gold leaf on canvas, combining Symbolism and the Art Nouveau (Vienna Secession) style. The robes of the figures contrast through pattern… the man’s adorned with rectangular forms and the woman’s with organic circular motifs. The shallow gold background reduces spatial depth, emphasizing ornamentation and decorative effect.

Content: The painting represents love and closeness between two people, highlighting their deep connection and unity. The use of gold makes the moment feel special and almost sacred, turning a simple embrace into something timeless.

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The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo (1508-1512)

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The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo (1508-1512)

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Subject: The painting shows God stretching out his hand, reaching out for Adam while Adams hand is relaxed.

Form: This art is a ceiling fresco painting in realism style, using light tones.

Content: Represents God giving life to Adam. While God reaches out in full intent Adam on the other hand isn't even trying, symbolizing the final connection depends on human initiative.

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Composition VIII (1923) by Wassily Kandinsky

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Composition VIII (1923) by Wassily Kandinsky

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SUBJECT: The painting of composition viii by wassily kandinsky it does not represent a traditional subject just like a person, an object, or landscape. instead, it shows an subject of an example of abstract shapes and form. it's about geometry, rhythm, and movement rather than presentation.

FORM: Its was paint in a large canvas using oil paint. using dynamic arrangement of lines, circles, colors, and pattern.

CONTEXT: Kadinsky simply believing that art should be express inner emotions and spiritual truths. He associated shapes and colors with music and feelings aiming as visual art symphony. it reflect kadinsky belief that art is like a music.

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MALLARI, ALLYZA CATE S. | ARC 201

Subject: The painting of “Bataan” by Fernando Amorsolo shows a woman that is in sorrow and she looks like asking for justice for the dead man in front of her.

Form: It is a contemporary art that is painted on a canvas using oil paint, with a dark tones of colors and more dramatic scenery.

Content: The painting symbolizes a somber and dramatic depiction of grief and sacrifice during World War II, and "View of Bataan from Manila Bay".

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Campbell's Soup Cans - Andy Warhol 1961-1962

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Campbell's Soup Cans - Andy Warhol 1961-1962

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Subject: The painting represents a mass-produced consumer goods-- Campbell’s Soup Cans, with each of the 32 paintings representing a different variety.

Form: It is a series of 32 hand-painted synthetic polymer paint on canvases arranged in a grid-like display, mimicking supermarket shelves through repetition and uniformity.

Content: It critiques consumer culture and mass production, specifically in America.

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Subject: It shows the suffering of innocent civilians, including men, women, children, and animals. This pain comes from the violence and destruction of war.

Form: A large oil painting and its known as his well cubist style, characterised by fragmented and abstract forms viewed from various angles, influenced by Surrealism.

Content: This painting shows chaos, pain, and death through distorted, fragmented form. Expressing its horrors of war and the suffering it causes for both people and animals.

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Joey Velasco’s Hapag ng Pag-asa (Table of Hope)

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Joey Velasco’s Hapag ng Pag-asa (Table of Hope)

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Subject: The painting shows Jesus Christ seated at the center of a wooden table, surrounded by Filipino street children in ragged clothes, barefoot, and some holding plates of food. The setting resembles the Last Supper, but instead of the apostles, Jesus dines with poor children.

Form: The work is presented as an oil painting on canvas in a realistic style. The central focus is on Jesus, with children arranged around Him in a horizontal format similar to Leonardo da Vinci’s “Last Supper.” The style is realism with strong emotional appeal, featuring lifelike figures, expressive faces, and a detailed environment. Velasco also used contrast of light and dark (chiaroscuro), vibrant yet earthy colors, and symbolic placement of objects such as plates, bread, and simple food to enhance meaning.

Content:The painting portrays Jesus’ presence among the poor and marginalized, reminding viewers that He identifies with “the least of our brothers and sisters” (Matthew 25:40). It challenges us to see Christ in the oppressed, hungry, and neglected children of society. The title “Hapag ng Pag-asa” emphasizes hope, compassion, and social awareness, serving as a call to action for us to share our blessings and uplift the poor. It reimagines the Last Supper as not only a biblical event but also a continuing reality in today’s world, where Jesus is found in acts of charity and solidarity.

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Subject: His work critically centers on the concept of anito, an ancestral spirits and indigenous Filipino beliefs in the sacred.

Form: It takes the form of altar-like assemblages created from found objects, remnants, and repurposed materials.

Content: The works explore the intersection of spirituality, memory, and cultural identity by transforming everyday objects into contemporary shrines.

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Subject: The painting shows mothers and workers, or specifically ordinary filipino people.

Form: Imelda used oil on canvas combined with a collage of textile, crochet, and nipa on sawali.

Content: According to Imelda, this painting shows grieved and protested the human right violations during the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.

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Claude Monet's Water Lilies series (1897-1926) 

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Claude Monet's Water Lilies series (1897-1926) 

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Dela Peña, John Victor P. | ARC 201

Subject: Claude Monet's Water Lilies paintings is the surface of his garden pond, covered with blooming water lilies and reflecting the surrounding trees and sky. Through these works, Monet explores the effects of light, color, and atmosphere on water and nature.

Form: Oil paint on canvas, hid brush was loose and expressive, with colors layered to create depth and movement.

Content: The Claude Monet's Water Lilies series centers entirely around his water lily pond in the garden of his home in Giverny, France.

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The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli (1482-1485 ca)

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The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli (1482-1485 ca)

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SUBJECT: In this painting by Sandro Botticelli, it depicts  a woman (a goddess named Venus) who is standing on a seashell after giving birth from the sea, and is accompanied by three people.

FORM: The Birth of Venus was painted using the tempera technique on canvas, which uses diluted egg yolk that creates a vibrant pigment of color and luminous surface.

CONTENT: The painting signifies the divine love, beauty, and purity, that represents the mythological character of Goddess Venus, and the celebration of both humanistic ideals and Neo-Platonism.

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• Subject: The painting depicts a stern farmer holding a pitchfork beside his daughter (often mistaken for his wife) in front of a Carpenter Gothic-style farmhouse in Iowa.

• Form: It is an oil painting on beaverboard that uses meticulous realism with sharp outlines, smooth textures, and a vertical emphasis that mirrors the pitchfork and the pointed Gothic window behind them.

• Content: It symbolizes Midwestern hard work, conservative values, and enduring rural life, particularly during the Great Depression.

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Subject:

The painting shows Virgin Mary holding and mourning the deceased Christ after the crucifixion.

Form:

The figures are sharp, distorted, and angular. The colors are dark and bold, emphasizing the weight of sorrow and despair.

Content:

Aside from the religious meaning, it also reflects universal human suffering, grief, and despair.

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The Starry Night, Painting by Vincent van Gogh

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The Starry Night, Painting by Vincent van Gogh

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Subject

The Starry Night shows a night scene with a sky full of swirling stars, a bright moon, and moving clouds. Below the sky, there is a quiet village with houses and a church. In the front, there is a tall, dark cypress tree that reaches up into the sky. There are also hills in the background. Van Gogh did not paint a real place exactly — he used his imagination and memory to create this scene.

Form

Van Gogh used strong lines and bold colors to make the painting feel full of energy. The sky has big, swirling shapes that seem to move, and the stars shine brightly. He used thick brushstrokes, so the paint has a rough, textured look. The main colors are blue and yellow, which stand out against each other. The sky takes up most of the painting, while the village below is calm and still. The cypress tree on the left helps balance the picture and connects the ground with the sky. The way he painted makes the scene feel emotional and alive, rather than realistic.

Content

This painting is about more than just a night scene. Van Gogh painted it while he was in a mental hospital, and it shows how he was feeling inside. The swirling sky may represent his troubled thoughts or emotions. But the glowing stars and moon might also show hope or a belief in something greater. The quiet village below the wild sky could mean peace, or it could show how small and quiet human life feels compared to nature. Overall, the painting shows Van Gogh’s emotions and how he saw the world in a very personal way.

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Subject: A young girl, turned over her shoulder, looking directly at the viewer.She wears an exotic blue and yellow turban and a large pearl earring.The painting is often called a tronie (a study of a character type or expression not a portrait of a specific person).

Form: this painting is a realism style with strong brushstrokes, and Strong contrast of warm skin tones against the deep black background the blue and yellow turban adds vibrancy.

Content: The work captures a fleeting, intimate moment, giving the sense that the girl just turned toward the viewer, and

the pearl earring symbolizes beauty, wealth, and perhaps innocence.

Her open lips and wide eyes create a sense of immediacy and mystery, contributing to the painting’s nickname: “the Mona Lisa of the North.”

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• Subject

The painting shows the historic 1565 Sandugo or blood compact between Datu Sikatuna, a local chieftain of Bohol, and Miguel López de Legazpi, the Spanish explorer. The two leaders sit at a banquet table, raising their cups filled with wine mixed with each other’s blood. This act symbolizes trust, friendship, and alliance.

• Form

It is an oil painting created in the academic realist style. The figures are arranged in a semi-circle around a table, focusing on the central act of toasting. Dramatic lighting and warm tones create a solemn, almost theatrical atmosphere. The detailed clothing, objects, and setting showcase Luna’s skill in realism.

• Content

The painting goes beyond showing a historical treaty. It delivers a deeper message of unity and diplomacy. It represents the first formal alliance between Filipinos and foreigners and expresses a sense of national pride. Through this work, Juan Luna emphasizes the importance of Filipino history and its place in the world.

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Subject: A solitary figure on a bridge, screaming or overwhelmed by terror, set against a blood-red sky and distorted landscape.

Form: Expressionist work, created with oil, tempera, and pastel, featuring swirling lines, sharp contrasts, and exaggerated distortion.

Content: Represents existential dread and human vulnerability, capturing the intensity of psychological anxiety.

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Subject: Shows a chaotic scene of horses, human figures, and surreal images clashing in a gray battlefield.

Form: A large oil, acrylic, and graphite painting using hyperrealism mixed with graffiti and cartoon elements, mostly in gray tones with some color.

Content: Symbolizes conflict, chaos, and the contradictions of modern life and culture.