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A public health measure we can take to prevent colon cancer is promoting moderate or minimal alcohol consumption. Studies have shown that limiting alcohol intake lowers the risk for colon cancer because exessive alcohol comsumption can trigger inflammation in the body and causes damage to cells, increasing the probability of tumors forming in the colon. By encouraging communities to drink responsibly and spreading awareness of the risks, the health of the public can greatly improve and reduce colon cancer cases within the community. A possible challenge could be limited resources for public health campaigns which may not let the information reach certain populations.

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Resting well is an essential part of not just cancer recovery but also an essential part during the treatment getting enough sleep gives our bodies time to recover and refresh to help our brain function to its best capabilities while awake. Getting a good amount of sleep is essential for colon cancer patients as it can boost brain function, improve hormone function, lower blood pressure, and help them feel better overall, 7 hours of sleep minimum is needed every night.

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What kinds of people are most affected by colon cancer?

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What kinds of people are most affected by colon cancer?

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About 20% of U.S. African Americans are more likely to get colon cancer and about 40% are more likely to pass from colon cancer.

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We chose colon cancer because it has impacted today's society in being the most common. This also allows us to figure out a what contributes to this issue.

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What lifestyle choices can lead to colon cancer?

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What lifestyle choices can lead to colon cancer?

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Personal habits and daily decisions including alcohol and tobacco use, obesity, diet and excercise are common determinants of developing colon cancer.

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Fiber are the parts of fruit, vegetables and grains not digested by your body. It's sometime called a restricted -fiber diet.

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Colon cancer has increased among the young adult population. These young adults are suggested to be on the lookout for abnormal symptoms.

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Polyps are small clumps of cells that can form inside the colon, despite not being cancerous they can still become cancerous over time. Polyps do not cause any symptoms; therefore, doctors recommend regular screenings to detect cancerous polyps in the colon. Polyps become cancerous when they develop changes in their DNA causing other cells to make these changes as well which spread the cancer.

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The rectum is located at the end of the largest intestine; it is the end of the journey of where your food digests once the nerve is triggered to release stool. As the nerve is waiting to be triggered for the release of stool, it absorbs water and electrolytes while it is holding the stool. Growth in polyps is what can lead towards concerns of colon cancer.

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One of the primary anatomical structures involved in colon cancer is anal canal. The anal canal connects the rectum or end of the large intestine to the outside body. Anal cancer develops from cells around the anal opening, usually by sexually transmitted infections.

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When a cell develops changes in their DNA, this DNA quickly tells other cells to make these changes causing these cells to multiply meaning there is too many cells. Too many cells might form a mass (a tumor) which can evade and destroy healthy body tissues, overtime these cells can spread and evade other parts of the body, this then becomes known as metastatic cancer.

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Many individuals experience rectal bleeding as a diagnosis with colon cancer.

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Strong medicine is administered intravenously or by oral, to destroy fast growing cancer cells.

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Often a common symptom

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For early stages of cancer, polypectomy or local excisions remove the tumor and limit the chance to spread. Hemicolectomy, partial colectomy or segmental resection are parts of the colon and lymph node removed to check for cancer. Total colectomy is to remove all of the colon.

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Stool based tests can help detect hidden blood.

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This is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the colon and rectum in order to examine the lining.

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There is a change in normal bowel routines

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Discomfort or cramps in abdominal area can occur when sitting or standing.

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Many people who go through cancer are often unprepared for the mental distress it can cause. Some common forms of mental distress among cancer survivors are anxiety, depression, PTSD, loneliness, and even the constant fear of the cancer coming back and having to be put through the process and treatments again.

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Many long term effects of colon cancer are sensory neuropathy, gastrointestinal problems, urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. These complications often result from chemo treatments and surgery and can affect the survivors quality of life and daily functions.

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Many individuals who get colon cancer end up with a long term-term consequence of bowel dysfunction. Bowel dysfunction is the imbalance in the way you digest things. This long-term consequence is seen frequently through colon cancer patients and comes through the presence of stoma.

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Discomfort or pain in the stomach areas which expand from the chest to the pelvis abdominal pain can have numerous causes

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A long treatment for colon cancer is surgery and cancer screening. The expected cost of surgery including services and other expenses would be $31,738. The likelihood of this treatment to be covered by insurance is a 3 out of 5. The long term consequences of a person choosing to not seek treatment because of cost would be growth and spread of the cancer to other organs.

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In order to treat bowel problems after and during colon cancer, the patient would need to go through a surgery called an endoscopic resection. The cost of this ranges from $150 to $3,600. The likelihood hood of insurance paying for this is a 2. If bowel problems aren’t treated during or after colon cancer it can bring the cancer back as the endoscopic resection eliminates cancerous cells from tissues in the bowel area.

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The cost of chemotherapy drugs can consist of $1,000 to $12,000 a month. There is an estimate cost for 4 treatment sessions to be $48,000 a year. The probability of this treatment getting covered by insurance is very low because many insurance tend to avoid paying a big cost. The long-term consequences of a person choosing to not seek treatment could be deadly. It is a long term pain consequence and can create a bad toll upon their mental health.

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Cancer can affect patients in many different ways such as worrying about money, feeling different from family and friends, worrying about dying, worrying about the cancer coming back, and even stress when deciding what kind of care to choose. For these kinds of issues there are many ways cancer patients can be helped, one of those ways is one on one counseling. Patients can decide or figure out what issues and or worriers they are having regarding cancer and then look for counselors that can specifically help them with their problems and or worries, once they have decided what kind of counseling they would like they can discuss this with their cancer care team for more information.

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Screening allows patients to identify the level of stress and depression. Screening is a set of questionnaires by asking a variety of questions to identify a scale for the patient. This leads to a referral from a provider to allow the patient seek mental health treatment from a psychiatrist. This treatment could be considered both a long term or a short term treatment depending if there is a follow up. If it is a one time screening treatment this would be considered a short-term treatment because it would be followed up with other factor like medications or recommendations from the psychiatrist.

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Occupational therapists and oncology rehabilitation helps colon cancer patients be able to return to and preform normal daily activities. Cancer survivors can sometimes experience cognitive impairment after chemotherapy, which cause memory, processing and speech impairments. Physical limitations include strength, mobility, balance and pain. Occupational therapists assist with activities such as bathing, dressing, eating, toileting and movement, housekeeping, shopping and communication. Starting therapy earlier prepare and prevent issues from becoming a bigger problem.

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 Physical Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy

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 Physical Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy

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Peripheral Neuropathy is an impairment after the treatment of chemotherapy. The symptoms can include pain, stabbing pain, weakness, and gripping problems. Peripheral neuropathy is the damage within the nerve pain, therefore physical therapy is needed. For a patient with the impairment of of peripheral neuropathy physical therapy would consist of massages, strengthening exercises, aerobic exercise, and adjusting balance. Pharmacological treatment reduces the the impairment of peripheral neuropathy as well. Physical therapist will be delivering the treatment. It is likely for the treatment to be long term as it is helping the patient recover or keeping up with the condition.

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Physical Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy

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A rich-fiber diet consist of vegetables, fruits, and grains. It has a dilution of colonic contents and has an anti-inflammatory function. This allows food to digest easier and regulate stool release. Having an increase physical activity be part of your lifestyle change contributes to reducing the risk of colon cancer and leads to metabolic transformations. A dietitian is a professional that can support with meal prepping high fiber meals.

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Intellectual and development disabled people

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Intellectual and development disabled people

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People with intellectual and developmental disabilities with colorectal cancer are one of the special populations that face challenges. This population encounters challenges such as lower screening rates, lack of disability training in medical providers, communication barriers and socioeconomic disadvantages. This population is affected differently because of communication and cognitive challenges, delaying symptoms, leading to delayed diagnoses. These challenges lead to delayed diagnosis than the general population.

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Intellectual and development disabled people

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It is common to see the groups of elderly people over the age of 50 years old. This group can be affected because of accumulated damage over their lifetime course. Some of the challenges that I can think of is elderly people can get ignored or often overlooked at as "cranky" people who are when seeking care. As a pharmacy tech I often see the way elderly people get put in a box of not getting the proper care and can be seem like a "headache" to treat.

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Visualization tests are used to screen for colon cancer. Colonscopy uses colonoscopes to look through the anus into the rectum and pump air into the colon. Virtual colonoscopy uses x-ray equipment and CT scanners to produce pictures of the colon and rectum from outside the body. Sigmoidoscopies are viewed with lens for removing tissue. These tests help doctors find colon cancer symptoms before they begin so they can be removed early on.

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Nanotechnology has been recently used for cancer treatment and although it is relatively new, it is showing promising results for increasing the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Nanotechnology consists of very tiny particles that deliver drugs directly to cancer cells and researchers are looking for ways to use nanotechnology to develop new treatments as well. Although, nanotechnology is showing promising results there are some downsides such as how much it can cost and whether it would be effective and safe for all stages of cancer.

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Promotion of Colorectal Cancer Awareness

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Promotion of Colorectal Cancer Awareness

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The promotion of awareness by the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable is a mix of private and public organizations that focus on educating the public to reduce the cases of colon cancer. Essentially CDC's program funds states health department to make screening available to other individuals from a low to no cost range. Therefore, there is a public announcement into making a change and preventing colon cancer if it is posters at your next doctors visit or through other organizations promoting the prevention of colon cancer to reduce cases.