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While the moon is a major influence of tides, the sun and plate tectonics also affect tides.

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Tides vary around the world depending on plate tectonics, if plate slide, or sink, it can intensify the tides.

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High tide is when the tides are at their highest elevation.

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Almost every 12 hours

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The gravitational pull from the earth, the moon, and the sun.

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What is the typical time frame from one high tide to another?

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Roughly 12 hours and 25 minutes apart.

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Low tides are when the tides are at their lowest elevation.

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Almost every 24 hours

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The moons gravitational pull and the earths rotational force.

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The difference of the height of high tides and low tides.

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-One high tide plus a successive low tide.

-The tidal cycle depends on geographic location because of land masses and the movement of water around earth.

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One low tide and one high tide every 24 hours.

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•Two high tides and two low tides each day.

•Both the high tides and both the low tides are the same in height.

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•Two or more tides occur throughout the day.

•Mixed tides are when the height of each tide is different from before.

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Spring tides always occur when the moon phase is at a full moon.

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When the sun, moon, and earth line up in a straight line.

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They make it possible for high tides to be higher, and low tides to be lower.

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How does this relate to the lunar cycle?

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When the moon rotates far enough o be in a straight line with the earth and the sun, it creates spring tides.

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Twice a month

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When the sun, earth, and moon create a right angle.

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How does this affect high and low tides?

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They make the tides higher/lower

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Whenever the moon travels enough for the sun and earth to create a right angle, a neap tide is formed.

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What is the intertidal Zone? Why is it harsh/rough?

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- The intertidal zone is where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides.
- During high tides, it is submerged in water, but during low tides the ecosystem is exposed to open air.

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Animals in the intertidal zone- Anemones(Actiniaria)

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Animals in the intertidal zone- Anemones(Actiniaria)

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-Anemones use a suction cup called a petal disk to keep themselves from falling over.
- Sticky bumps on their bodies collect sand and shells.
- Anemones use their tentacles to capture prey and defend itself.

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- Barnacles shells are made from multiple white plates that protect them from predators and drying out.
- Their shells are made of white plates that slide closed and open when they need food.
- Their shells completely incase them; they close when the tide goes out to conserve all the moisture.

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- Mussels hold seawater in their closed shells to prevent themselves from drying out during low tide.
- When big waves come towards mussels, their shell is hinged shut, so the water cannot get into them.
- They use their shells for protection, they can close and thicken or grow in response to predators.

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- The snail builds its shell which provides protection against predators. The shell provides extra protection against drying out and can be closed off with a slime or lime layer during dry periods.

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- Sea stars move using a water vascular system. Their water system is open to the environment. Therefore, they cannot move out of water.
- They produce a chemical-based defense with a slimy consistency to defend itself.
- Sea stars have spines, which prevent them from being washed up shore by harsh waves.

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US Department of Commerce,

National Oceanic and Atmospheric                      Administration. “Tides and Water Levels, Tidal Variations - the Influence of Position and Distance, Nos Education Offering.” Tidal Variations - The Influence of Position and Distance - Tides and Water Levels: NOAA's National Ocean Service Education, 1 June 2005, https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides06_variations.html.

US Department of Commerce,

National Oceanic and Atmospheric    Administration. “How Frequent Are Tides?” NOAA's National Ocean Service, 1 June 2013, https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/tidefrequency.html.

“Tide.” National Geographic Society, news https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/tide.

“Tide.” National Geographic Society, https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/tide.

US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “What Is the Intertidal Zone?” NOAA's National Ocean Service, 9 Nov. 2018, https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/intertidal-zone.html.