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Phatic communication is used for social purposes and to acknowledge. It is to create social ties and the communication is not intended to establish context or consolidarity.  In this text, I texted my friend after meeting up for lunch after not seeing each other for a while. The emoji used was simply to further the social connection between the both of us and with this text, you likely cannot infer the context and it is not used in other way but socially. I used this because I just wanted to make the social context more of a vibe towards something more loving and ensure that my message was very friendly socially.

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Directive communication is used to direct someone to do something or point them in that direction. In this instagram ad above, we can see the emoji is used to quite literally direct viewers towards the sponsorship, which is below the header and towards the link in the description. I think that this was successful. Even if it was not necessary, it points the audience and directs them to purchase/shop with the link below. The intention was so that audience can use the link to shop below and use their discount code.

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Expressive communication is used to express ones emotions in a conversation and using emojis for this reason is heavily used over text. For example, in this below text, my boyfriend was upset that I got him expensive tickets for Christmas. He used both the angry face emoji and emotionless face emoji to express that he was upset with my choices. I think this choice was successful because other than his word choices, I also got the understanding through visual faces that he was upset. However, what is interesting is that in the context that both me and him use these 2 particular emojis, it also makes me know that he is very much so jokingly upset rather than actually upset because when we are actually upset at each other, we would not use emojis and only communicate through words. When we use emojis, especially the angry face one, it is particularly indicative that we are not actually upset.

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1. https://languagedlife.humspace.ucla.edu/sociolinguistics/yeah-um-so-like-are-filler-words-considered-feminine/ This article explains a UC school study done by interviews on filler words like “like” “well” and “so” “you know” etc. and looked at the differences of results by women and men. They found that men actually had higher median of total words when it came to filler words even though females use a higher total of filler words, and how interestingly even the choices of filler words between men and women varied. They explain that these choices of filler words could be associated with gender stereotypes associated with each word as well, for example “like” sounding too feminine for men to say. They provide quantitative evidence and I do find the evidence convincing because they were able to disprove what they had believed before. This article demonstrates the difference model because speaking upon the choices of filler words men and women used, men in particular used “like” less because certain filler words are considered more “feminine” and thus men are trying to conform to the gender stereotype. Additionally, just in the usage of filler words, because of the negative stigma associated with filler words and women, as the article mentions, it is possible that women are much more actively aware of using filler words during speech. I do not think that this article is biased because it is moreso an analysis and findings article and there is not much to be biased about.

2. https://clydegroup.com/how-womens-language-belittles-our-thoughts-in-the-workplace/
The workplace is one that is known to be particularly sexist — especially in the business sector. This article talks about a general difference in how there is a difference of speech depending on the situation in the workplace. There is not a specific focus on certain words but explains why women take choose phrases and words like “sorry” that make them much more than men. Women choose words that are less assertive and adamant, or else they will be seen as too confident. There is not quantitative evidence used but this article demonstrates a dominance model in many of the examples given. Women are expected to be more submissive than men especially in the workforce and think of themselves as a lower status than men. They therefore require validation from others or feel the need to apologize. Similarly, women feel the need to conform to these gender stereotypes, and because they get treated differently in society and are not particularly viewed as those who can have a necessarily large impact in the workforce, they typically choose words that are more passive. I do not think that this article is biased, however it is necessary to note that one way a person grows up is also reflective of how they speak. Just because you are male, that does not mean that you are going to be extremely assertive in your word choices in the workforce, and can be very reflective in the environment that you were actually raised in.

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I’m a little behind on data collection and have around 100 but I should be able to get 120 by the end of this week. Many times I simply just forget to record the data because greetings are just so common and I don’t register them in my head, so many of the greetings I just end up recalling as much as I can once I remember I need to write them down for data collection. I am recording age, setting, the speaker/hearer in each situation, and what is being said. I’m a little concerned because the responses are so varied how I’m going to end up grouping them. I also realized I went a little detailed in terms of setting and could’ve just done formal/informal instead so later while I’m actually assembling data I might have to go back and redo all of that.

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I will be choosing topic a, greetings and I have collected around 35 pieces of data which I recorded on my google sheets.

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I downloaded Bluestone Lane on National Coffee Day and was immediately attracted by their slogan, “Hey, Mate!”. This variant that is used by a major coffee chain and it exemplifies covert prestige because this coffee shop is trying to appeal to customers by using a nonstandard greeting of Australia - mate. Not only is “mate” stigmatized in America for being friendly, approachable, and chill, but the stereotypical Australian is viewed positively in American society. Thus, using Hey, Mate! as a marketing tactic would appeal to the American population. Additionally, it can sell its items this way by promoting it from a different country which would attract American customers. Some negative things that could be possible though would closing off customers that are not fans of Australia or Australian people, or making the cafe seem like a “cult”. It just has the possibly of closing their marketing off to a certain people who may be against Australian of anything, making this covert prestige a double edged sword. And, if the coffee is bad, it is possible that customers will have a negative view on Australian coffee from there. The user is communicating a casual way of speaking and vibe to the population, and promoting their brand and products that come from Australia. (If that’s not the case then they’ve definitely done that because that’s what I thought they were trying to do and the impression that they gave me). It definitely worked because I laughed when I saw that and actually went to get a cup of coffee (even though it was free) and enjoyed it.

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This picture taken off the internet that I’ve seen in Chinatown is one of the most famous bakeries in Chinatown. To the right left, it markets the bakery as having “the best hopia” in English, and the list of items below are written in English as a way to target and intrigue speakers that don’t speak English. However, right under the name written in green of the bakery, there are phrases like 地名老婆饼，which literally translates to “world famous wife pancake”, which is an extremely popular street food in China, and arguably to be found nowhere else in NYC. They have additional treats like 月饼 (mooncakes) and 糍糕 (deep fried rice cakes). These are all popular treats in China, hard to find here (made fresh to say the least), and the most interesting part reading these characters is that they are all written in Traditional Chinese. In NYC Chinatown, it is highly populated with Cantonese people, which all read in Traditional Chinese. And, putting it in Traditional Chinese makes the vibe more “authentic” than Simplified Chinese because the history of these foods date back to nearly 800 CE. Personally, while I do not invalidate the authenticity of any Simplified Chinese writing restaurant, any restaurant or bakery that has Traditional Chinese writing makes me automatically validate it. The perception of Traditional Chinese writing is imprinted as more authentic in many people’s minds due to its longstanding complexity and history, and due to the fact that less and less people are learning it in this modern age. Thus, the advertiser/store manager chose to advertise their rare fresh products from China in both traditional Chinese and English to reach both the Cantonese locals that already live in Chinatown, international visitors looking for a taste of home, and everyone else who is either visiting or cannot read Traditional Chinese because after all English is the inner circle for Chinatown as it is still located in the United States, and in China is apart of the expanding circle for English, meaning regardless of whether international students can read traditional, they’ll be able to read English.

https://www.instagram.com/p/CiQeMEpOoR4/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=

SOF, Scholars of Finance, is a well known Stern club that is open to all students at NYU. Not just SOF, but most of these clubs have instagram accounts (which is where I saw this post) promoting their accomplishments, reminders, or events. Stern clubs are known for their ability to provide pathways to big real world companies. During a time of recruiting new members, it is most important that they get an ample amount of qualified applicants to increase the reputation of the club being “competitive” and thus attracting the best of the best, which secures more reputable companies for the club. This post specifically targets students to read about a successful club member who works at a very reputable company in order to attract students to apply — noting that this club produces successful club members. They chose to use this post as an opportunity to promote their upcoming interest meeting and learn more about the club, however using language like “we look forward to getting to know you!” in order to relay a heartwarming community feel to not intimidate applicants. Thus, not only will it attract applicants but it will also make sure that applicants feel welcomed to apply.

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The basic word New Jerseyans cannot pronounce

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The basic word New Jerseyans cannot pronounce

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https://youtu.be/vpxUpYao3cE 3:05-3:12
The first debate of pronounciation when it comes from someone who lives in Jersey is how New Jerseyans pronounce “water”. I’ve experienced this many times. I think I pronounce water pretty “normally”, but so many of my friends have pronounced it the “New Jerseyan” way. Usually, the word is pronounced as “waa tr”, and going back to the first entry, that would be the prescriptive way of saying it in America. However, certain speakers tend to fall in New Jersey, who like pronouncing water as “ward r” and does not enunciate the a, instead adds rounds out the t and has more of a “d” and “r” sound rather than the t. Obviously the way that New Jerseyans are known to pronounce it is much less acceptable than the other used in any social situation and will likely be judged by others for it. I typically speak the normal variant, the one that includes the t in the pronounciation — and ‘waa’. I don’t think I would use the “New Jerseyan variant” because this variant is typically pretty judged (I also think it’s wrong honestly, sorry Jersey friends). However, I have also heard that this way of pronouncing is known as the Philadelphian accent. I think overall Jersey accents, and accents in general, are looked down upon, because they are known to be the “incorrect” way of speaking. New Jersey accent might have a worse reputation however because in geenral everyone just hates on Jersey.

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This was a conversation that I had with my Cantonese friend — I asked him what my boyfriend’s type was. In class we had learned, standard language is the written language considered and language used by the group in power in a society. The standard language in Hong Kong is Cantonese (even though the official language is English and Chinese), where their written language is traditional Chinese. In mainland China, the standard language is Mandarin and written in simplified Chinese. My friend asked “why are you asking this question” in traditional writing, followed by an answer and I responded “is that so” in simplified writing. I thought it was interesting how although Hong Kong is technically a part of China, their standard language is different and written language is also different. Of course, Hong Kong and China’s history is able to explain this, however I also just personally don’t know of another country who has 2 or multiple standard languages. And since the standard language typically is the language of those in power, I wonder if Hong Kong’s standard language will ever be changed now. Although it is also interesting that many people in both China and Hong Kong can read both simplified and traditional.
https://youtu.be/4YE5oFQs_e8 This song is also a collaboration between Chinese and Cantonese songs. There is an integration and acceptance of Cantonese in China.