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Behavior is determined by both biological and environmental factors.

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Phylogenic determinants are based on the evolutionary history of a group of organisms through genetic inheritance and are NOT learned. Phylogeny is based on natural selection.

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Ontogenic determinants are based on the history of the individual organism through experience (learned).

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Respondent relations refer to antecedent stimuli that elicit responses. S-R relations only.

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To call forth or draw out. To elicit is to strongly, consistently, and reliably happen. Elicit is only used for respondent relationships.

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Respondents are Reflex Responses

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A simple relation between an antecedent stimulus and a reflex response. Reflexes are always relations between an antecedent stimulus and a response.

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A specific innate and involuntary physiological response.

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An antecedent stimulus that has an innate capacity to elicit a reflex response. It elicits a response without prior learning.

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Is the response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning due to phylogeny.

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1. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience.

2. Respondent conditioning is the process of pairing a neutral stimulus with either an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus that results in a new reflex relation.

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A stimulus that has no initial eliciting effect on the reflex response

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Is the stimulus that elicits the reflex response due to prior conditioning.

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Is a response elicited by a conditioned stimulus.

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Is a NEW relation between a once neutral stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response.

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When a neutral stimulus is changed to a conditioned stimulus.

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The nearness of events in time. Refers to the adjacency between events.

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The dependency between events. Refers to the likelihood that one event is a result of another event.

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1. Short Delay Conditioning is when the conditioned stimulus occurs briefly prior to the unconditioned stimulus with a shorter delay before onset/offest and is usually very effective.

2. Long Delay Conditioning is when the conditioned stimulus occurs prior to the unconditioned stimulus with a longer delay before onset/offset and is usually effective.

3. Trace Conditioning is when the conditioned stimulus passes prior to the unconditioned stimulus onset. There is no overlap and this procedure is sometimes effective.

4. Simultaneous Conditioning is when the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus overlap at the same time. This is usually ineffective.

5. Backward conditioning is when the onset of the conditioned stimulus occurs after the unconditioned stimulus and is almost always ineffective.

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Is the process through which a conditioned reflex is weakened by no longer pairing the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.

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The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned reflex.

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The spread of the effects of respondent conditioning to stimuli other than the conditioned stimulus.

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The process of conditioning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus rather than with an unconditioned stimulus.

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A temporary reduction in a reflex response due to repeated presentation of the eliciting stimulus within a short period of time.

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A temporary increase in some dimension of intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus within a short period of time.

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The tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus.

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A reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response, or a set of responses, as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or an environmental context.

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Uses different treatment procedures for respondents than for operants and there are interactions between the two types of conditioning.

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People are a function of the environment of which they were raised.

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