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How do nutrients affect the growth of duckweed

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Does the amount of water given to the beans affect their growth?

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Null: It will have no effect on the beans

Alternate: Plants with too little or too much water will be less successful

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We had 5 different dishes with 10 seeds each, with the bottom of each dish being lined with paper towels.  We put all of the dishes by the window.  Each dish had a different amount of water from 0 to 20ml.  After 48 hours we will measure the plant growth

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The moisture has little to no effect on the beans. You can see this through the data we collected, as most of the error bars overlap. The 5 ml section noticeably has insanely varied data and is the main outlier compared to all other moisture amounts. These error bars and varied data points show that the water does not have a clear impact on how many beans germinate.

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Will the heat of the chamber affect the number of isopods in the choice chamber?

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Null: Heat will have no effect on which chamber the isopods go

Alternative: Heat will deter the bugs from the heated chamber

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We got two petri-dishes and filled one with hot water.  We then put 5 isopods in each of the choice chambers. We then out the choice chambers on top of the petri-dishes and started

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Will the moisture affect the number of Isopods in the choice chamber?

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Null: Moisture will have no effect on the number of Isopods in either chamber

Alternate: More moisture will cause bugs to go to the chamber

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Using a choice chamber with 2 different sides, dry and wet, we put 5 bugs on each side and recorded how many were on either side every minute for 10 minutes.

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The data suggests that more moisture attracted the isopods.  In the end, there were 7 isopods in the wet chamber and only 3 in the dry, with the wet chamber never having less than the dry.  The average was 7.1 for wet and 2.9 for dry, with a margin of error of only 0.34 for both.  The data shows that the isopods clearly were attracted to more moist environments, one reason for this could be that they have gills they need to keep moist.  The underside of their body is vulnerable to dryness too.  They're related to other marine animals like crabs and crayfish along with other marine isopod species that further explain why they would want a wet environment.

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The null hypothesis was proven incorrect as the evidence shows that the isopods were clearly adverse to the heat. The heated side never had more than the normal one and had an average of 2.4 with an error margin of 0.76.  The normal side had an average of 7.6 and had 9 out of the 10 bugs at one point and ended off with 8. It is likely they were drawn toward the normal side as they are vulnerable to dryness and the heat could've been drying them out; causing them to flee to the other side.

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Null: Nitrate levels do not affect Duckweed growth
Alternative: Nitrate levels speed up Duckweed growth

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We have Duckweed grow in a Petri-dish with 21 ml of water and varying amounts of Nitrate in them. A with 0 g/ml, B with .3 g/ml, C with .5 g/ml, D with 1.5 g/ml.  We record how many Duckweed are in the dish at regular intervals over 12 days.

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The data shows that the amount of nitrate in the water has little effect on the growth of Duckweed in the petri dish.  0.3 ml had a population of 26 on average, 0.5 jumping down to 24, and then 1.5 had a population of 34.  There is no specific pattern with the averages due to 0.5 dropping down despite having more than 0.3 and less than 1.5, showing that the amount of nitrate had minimal impact. The error bars are also overlapping or very close on the graph, and that's without mentioning that they were determined with SEM, instead of the usual 2SEM where they would definitely overlap.

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How does the amount of light affect the oxygen production of plants

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Null: The amount of light will have no affect on the oxygen production of the chads

Alternative: More light will cause the chads to produce more oxygen

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We have a cup with water and carbon in it. We use a hole puncher to create tiny chads that we suck the air out of using a syringe. We put the chads in the carbon water, put a dish of water on top of the cup to absorb heat, and then turn on the light and start timing. We check the amount of chads risen every 2 minutes over a period of 12 minutes.

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The more light the chads got, the more oxygen they produced via photosynthesis. The graph shows that the full light trials ended up with an average of 3.1 chads risen, while the partial light had an average of 1.2 chads (including a major outlier with 8 chads risen). The no-light section had a 0.1 average. These figures show that light and oxygen production via photosynthesis are correlated as the more light the chads received the more oxygen, a product of photosynthesis, they produced. The plants had a controlled amount of the other resources needed for photosynthesis such as water or carbon dioxide so the amount of light and how well the experiment was performed were the only factors influencing the results.

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How does the solute concentration affect water movement in potato cells?

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Null: Solute concentration will have no effect water movement in potato cells

Alternative: Solute concentration will affect the direction and rate of water movement in potato cells

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We used a borer to make 15 potato units.  We then put 3 each in 5 cups labeled with how much solute concentration they were gonna have and weighed them (not including the weight of the cup).  After that, we put 25 ml of water in each cup with each having the appropriate solute concentration (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 M), and left the potatoes to soak over night.

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More extreme solute concentrations increased the rate and changed the direction of water movement through a cell. When the potato bits were put into distilled water (0 M) they had a noticeable mass increase, with an average of 23.5%. 0.2 M and 0.4 M cups had an average of 2.5% and -4.5% respectively, with a little more than 0.3 M being an isotonic environment according to the graph. 0.8 M, the highest we tested, had an average of -27.7% change, meaning that with 0.8 M solute concentration the potato bits decreased in mass almost as much as they increased while they were in the distilled water. This shows us that the direction of water movements was changing as we know through diffusion that molecules want to go places with less stuff, when there were high amounts of water outside the potato the water went into the potato, and when there were low amounts of water outside the potato the water in the potato rushed out. The medium concentrations showed us that the difference in solute concentration also affects the water movement rate as we saw the % mass change decrease and then increase when nearing 0 M or 0.8 M.

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How long does each phase of mitosis take in onion root tip cells?

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1: The number of cells that we identify in each phase is proportional to the time it takes to complete that phase

2. The total time to complete the cell cycle is 1440 minutes

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Onion root tip cells spend 796 minutes in interphase and 644 minutes in the various stages of mitosis. Out of 887 cells, 490 were in interphase. Under our assumption that the number of cells spotted in each phase is proportional to how long that phase is that means aro