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Formal learning settings are mainly in locations and settings sponsored by educational institutions.

Examples of these settings are traditional four-year colleges, community colleges, adult high schools, and other learning sites controlled by educational bureaucracies. (Merriam & Bierema, 2014)

The adult learner assumption that applies to the formal learning setting best is "the learner's orientation to learning," meaning the professors or instructors in the formal learning setting may not be as flexible in adapting their teaching style to accommodate other learners.

For example, a lecture hall professor doesn't have enough time to teach his lecture in multiple ways or have enough time to learn each student's preference for learning if they have over 100 students. (Cochran & Brown, n.d.)

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Non-formal learning settings are usually where organizations, agencies, and institutions whose main purpose is not necessarily education teach useful skills. These settings are usually short-term, voluntary, and usually occur in public places. Also, the curriculum and the facilitator are flexible and can adapt to the learner turnout.  (Merriam & Bierema, 2014)

Examples of this type of learning are training events such as CPR training, home improvement workshops, or any mandatory training facilitated by another company for employee training events.  (Merriam & Bierema, 2014)

The adult learner assumption I associate non-formal learning with would be the assumption of the learner's readiness to learn. Something that can hinder the transfer of training is if the learner is not mentally primed to learn whatever the skills are, which can lead to lower motivation and ultimately preclude participation in the training event. (Cochran & Brown, n.d.)

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Informal learning is spontaneous, spur-of-the-moment learning taken in our daily lives in the home, workplace, and watching social media. This is the type of learning we do every day through personal projects or by making observations of the world.  (Merriam & Bierema, 2014)

There are thousands of examples of this occurring probably every month without realizing it. Every time you Google search facts is informal learning. Every time you doomscroll through social media and end up reading articles about interesting topics, that is informal learning. Every time you go down YouTube rabbit holes and end up watching videos about underwater civilizations at 3 AM, that is informal learning. It permeates our everyday lives to an unimaginable extent.

The adult learner assumption most applicable to informal learning is the assumption of problem-oriented orientation because when informal learning happens on purpose, it is to learn something to help solve a problem occurring at that time.  (Merriam & Bierema, 2014)

An example of this is when I did extensive research on how to take care of hydro-mulch after I had my front yard done. I read forums, articles about hydro-mulch, and even YouTube videos showing the most effective ways to water the yard.

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Cochran, Charlotte & Brown, Steve, n.d. Supporting the Success of Adult and Online Students. Retrieved from http://repository.cityu.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.11803/594/Chap7Supporting.pdf?sequence=2 .

Merriam & Bierema, 2014. Adult Learning. Retrieved from https://platform.virdocs.com/r/s/0/doc/548071/sp/180181918/mi/573907947?cfi=%2F4%2F4