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The period of time between WW1 and WW2 was for 19 years, or from 11 of November 1918 to 1 of September 1939.(20 years, 9 months and 21 days.)

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One of the main characteristics of World War I, which lasted from 1914 to 1918, was trench warfare. Around the end of 1914, trench warfare started to gain popularity and lasted for the whole of the war. No man's land, the space between enemy trenches, was the scene of fierce and fatal fighting between soldiers on both sides who lived in these complex and connected networks of trenches. The employment of fencing, artillery bombardments, and the introduction of new weaponry like machine guns, poison gas, and tanks were the defining features of trench warfare. For soldiers on both sides of the fight, it meant heavy losses and difficulties.

Because these trenches were very wet, muddy and very uncomfortable, soldiers were sick by numerous illnesses. These include:

Trench foot: Condition called trench foot due to the big exposure to wet and unsanitary conditions in the trenches. Trench foot caused the feet to become swollen, numb, and prone to infection.

Shell Shock: The constant bombardment and exposure to explosions impacted soldiers' mental health. Many soldiers developed what was known as shell shock, experiencing symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Also the lack of food and drinkable water developed a habit of smoking between the soldiers, because of that those who didn't smoke traded cigarettes for food.

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The League of Nations was established as the body of international cooperation after World War One with the deterrence of war and disarmament as its primary goals. However, largely due to the refusal for the United States to join, the League never grew strong enough to pass any broad measures.

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The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in US history. It began in 1929 and did not become better until the end of the 1930s. The stock market crash of October 1929 meant the beginning of the Great Depression. By 1933, unemployment was at 25% and more than 5,000 banks were bankrupt.

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In the period while there was no wars, there were wars. A lot of wars and they were civilian. Because of the WW1 aftereffects they happened. Here is a list of them:

Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)

Spanish Civil (1936-1939)

Brazilian Civil War (1932)

Chaco War (1932-1935)

Colombia Peru War (1932-1933)

Paraguayan Civil War (1922-1923)

Rif War (1920-1926)

Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919-1920)

Russian Civil War (1917-1922)

I will mention them through out this Padlet so beware.

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June 28, 1918

The countries were split into three parties, which were led by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers of Britain, France, Italy, Japan and the United States. Germany was on its own party.

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November, 1920

League of Nations was established as the body of international cooperation after WW1, with the end of war and disarmament as its primary goals. However, because U.S. refused to join they never became strong. Also Germany and Russia were banned from it.

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1917-1922

The Russian Civil War was a war between the fragmented parties of the former Russian Empire which was caused by the overthrow of the Russian monarchy and the failure of the new government to keep stability.

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October 30, 1922

After Mussolini became Prime Minister in Italy he instantly solved a lot of problems, and after a bunch of tried assassinations he tightened his grip and destroyed every opposition party.

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May 27th, 1922 - July 10th, 1923

A bad war, that started because a party wanted to restore the elections which were cancelled.

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January 21, 1924

Lenin was a great leader, but he hoped that Russia will lose the WW1 so the destiny backfired on him :0

Lenin believed that Russia must end its participation in the war so that the nation could focus on building a communist state based on the ideas of Karl Marx, a German philosopher who lived in the mid-1800s.

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January 30th, 1933

It required an increase of economic and political instability (two more chancellors failed to establish a state of calmness) along with the backing of the conservative elite for Hindenburg to be persuaded to select Hitler.

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Info about it is in the section below.

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1936-1939

Military uprising against Spain's Republican government, backed by conservative nationalists. A violent civil war broke out, with both sides using extreme violence to gain control of the entire nation after an early military takeover did not gain power.

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Actually this war counts as WW2 war but it started before WW2

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1937-1945

A major war fought by the Japanese Empire and the Republic of China. When Japan entered World War II on the side of the Axis powers, it became a part of that conflict. There was fighting in northeastern India and northern Myanmar during the Sino-Japanese conflict.Most people agree that the conflict started on July 7, 1937, during the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, when a disagreement between Chinese and Japanese soldiers in Peking turned into a full-scale invasion.

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The Black Shirts were Benito Mussolini's band of thugs, who used force to intimidate all opposition to the Italian Fascist party.

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The Bloc National was a coalition of rights groups in France that came together in fear of socialist opposition to run the French government during the early years of the inter-war period. The Bloc National maintain conservatism in France to a high degree, and demand that Germany pay it reparations in full.

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After the French government's embarrassing failure to collect German reparations even after invading the Ruhr, the Bloc National was replaced by the Cartel des Gauches a moderate socialistic coalition elected on May 11, 1924. However, the Cartel proved inept at governing and was dissolved in 1926.

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1919-1920

When World War I (1914–18) broke out, Ottoman Turkey received broad support in Afghanistan against the British. That's because afghan people thought that Britain assassinated their king (plot twist they didn't)

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During the 1930, Joseph Stalin consolidated power in the Soviet Union by eliminating his opponents. In 1935, he created Central Purge Commission, which publicly investigated and tried members of the communist Party for treason. In 1933 and 1934, 1,140,000 members were expelled or shot.

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Stalin's agricultural program, collectivization, forced farmers to pool their lands into government-run farms. When the upper peasant class, the kulaks, protested this program, some 3 million of them were killed during a reign of terror in 1929 to 1930.

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Adolf Hitler's secret police, the Gestapo terrorized the German citizens, spying on them and often arresting and executing suspects without a warrant or trial.

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Proposed by the American Charles Dawes, the Dawes Plan lowered the annual amount of reparations to be paid by Germany to France and Britain and loaned Germany a sizable amount of money so that they could pay on time.

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These groups of leftist volunteers were made up of mostly of workers, who volunteered to aid the Republicans in the Spanish civil war. They did so out of boredom, disillusionment, or a desire for adventure as often as from genuine political idealism.

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Developed in 1928 by United States Secretary of State Frank Kellogg and French Foreign Minister, Aristide Briand to jointly denounce war, the Kellogg-Briand Pact stated that the signing parties condemned recourse to war and denounced it as an aspect of policy. The pact was eventually ratified, often hesitantly, by 65 nations.

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https://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/interwaryears/timeline/ (TIMELINE SOURCE)

https://www.history.com/news/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-mussolini (Mussolini)

https://www.helion.co.uk/conflicts/paraguayan-civil-war-2.php#:~:text=The%20Paraguayan%20Civil%20War%20(1922,canceled%20by%20President%20Eusebio%20Ayala.) (PARAGUAYAN WAR)

https://www.history.com/news/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-vladimir-lenin (Lenin)

https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/russia-quits-war (also Lenin)

“The Nazi Rise to Power.” Hitler Becomes Chancellor – The Holocaust Explained: Designed for Schools, www.theholocaustexplained.org/the-nazi-rise-to-power/the-nazi-rise-to-power/hitler-becomes-chancellor/. Accessed 24 Nov. 2023. (Hitler)

https://www.britannica.com/event/Spanish-Civil-War(Spanish civil war)

https://libguides.fau.edu/wars-conflicts/sino-japanese-war2#:~:text=The%20beginning%20of%20the%20war,into%20a%20full-scale%20invasion.(sino japanese civil war)

MY NOTEBOOK.

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Some of the reasons of this tragic event:

The famous time before the Wall Street Market Crash - Roaring Twenties.

The agricultural sector was lagging behind so it collapsed during the 1920's, which leads to a higher cost of food.

People, who couldn't afford to live, began to borrow money from unregulated banks. Because banks were unregulated and giving out loans without limit , stock prices were inflated.

People who saw the problem wanted to get their money out, and sold all of their stocks. This was Black Thursday, which crashed the market and started the Great Depression.

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Many European countries relied heavily on American sales and investments for income.Also Europe had unpaid loans to the U.S., that they gave them to recover from WWI.

A lot of people couldn't find a job, while the number of employed women increased by 22%. But it was not that good because by law employers could pay women less than men for the same job.

https://quizlet.com/188467189/black-thursday-flash-cards/

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Significant economic issues continued to exist in Britain during the 1920s.Their recovery from the submarine warfare never succeeded.

English banks were being replaced by American banks as foreign investment fell.

The output of coal was falling.The European and colonial markets were seeing a decline in manufacturing.

The rate of unemployment stayed high.

Financial stability, maintaining the pound's gold standard, and shielding big businesses from outside competition were all top priorities for governments.

Early on in the Great Depression, the General Strike contributed to persistent unemployment, starvation, and illness in the affected areas.

The Wall Street fall and capital flight to the United States presented a financial dilemma for Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald's Labour government.

After winning elections, Ramsay established the National Government in 1913 and put unpopular economic policies into effect. But the rate of unemployment stayed high.

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Steel, coal, and textile modernization and post-war reconstruction led to an improvement in France's economic status in the 1920s.

Through political compromises, parts of Germany's land were gained by France.

The French government is still heavily indebted and needs German debt repayment funds.

Reduced demand for luxury items, protectionism, and international tourism all dropped as a result of the crash.

The response to the crisis was complicated by the political rivalry between the two major parties, which resulted in an attempt to topple the government in 1934.

Protesters arose in early 1930s in Germany and France in response to calls by radical political factions like the Nazis and Communists for the overthrow of democratic systems.

The Weimar government's incapacity to quell the unrest and implement a harsh response further damaged its reputation.

Due to the 1934 French democratic crisis, Prime Minister Paladier resigned and a broad-based administration was established.

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Gangsters expanded their loan-sharking and labor-racketeering businesses. They were similar to banks, but they weren't allowed to operate there.

Fifty percent of banks closed.

Fifteen million Americans lost their jobs.

A large number of people went without food. And it was quite rare to get meals because the soup kitchen lines were so big.

Illnesses such as tuberculosis (TB) remain untreated due to insufficient money for healthcare.

Black people continue to face discrimination and receive lower pay because there were no minimum wage for them.

The Black Cabinet, established by Mary Macleod Bethune, the National Youth Administration's Director of Negro Affairs, increased the number of black workers.

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American banks stopped lending money under the Dawes plan in 1928, but they still expected Germany to repay the loans.

For Germany to remain solvent, public services had to be slashed.

Early in the 1920s, there was a sharp increase in inflation that resulted in a reduction in public spending, a weakening of the economy, falling productivity, widespread unemployment, and company failures.

In 1931 German banks failed.

More seats were held by Nazis than by moderate parties. And after Nazis gained more than one-third of the Reichstag by 1932.

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In the end of 1930's, Roosvelt and his New Deal policies began to restore the country to the normal state.

When WWII started, it basically saved U.S. from Great Depression, because war gives a lot of profit to the U.S. because they produce and sell weapons.

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The Great Depression taught people of all social classes the value of economic security and the need to endure and survive hard times rather than to take risks with one’s life or money.

In addition, Americans rediscover the values of democracy and the fundamental decency of the common citizen—the almost legendary “common man” portrayed in Norman Rockwell paintings, Frank Capra films, and Roosevelt speeches—as a result of facing the specter of totalitarian ideologies in Europe and Japan.

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https://lithub.com/how-did-artists-survive-the-first-great-depression/

Britannica.com

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rraGfU3mIAw&feature=youtu.be

https://www.dhr.history.vt.edu/modules/eu/mod04_depression/context.html

https://www.nga.gov/learn/teachers/lessons-activities/uncovering-america/great-depression.html

https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/surrealist-paintings/joan-miro-2

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Great Depression - Social Impact, Unemployment, Poverty

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Great Depression - Social Impact, Unemployment, Poverty: The Great Depression caused an upsurge of interest in Marxism in the 1930s

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Electrification: The widespread usage of electricity throughout the interwar years was a unique aspect of technological advancements. In addition to providing energy for homes and businesses, it inspired the development of new electrical equipment. Both daily living and industrial operations were significantly impacted by this change.

Transportation: There was a significant rise in transportation throughout the interwar years. The accessibility and cost of cars changed the character of both personal and commercial transportation. In parallel with this, aviation experienced unimaginable development, highlighted by significant events like Charles Lindbergh's first transatlantic flight in 1927.

Communication: At this time, the radio broadcasting revolution got underway. Radio evolved into a powerful medium for information exchange, worldwide communication, and entertainment. The impact on culture and communication was substantial.

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Twenty thousand American jobs vanished per day as the stock market crashed in 1929. Before this outbreak, people used to find that impressive. The publishing and arts industries declined by roughly a third during the Great Depression, and they have subsequently shrunk even more. Artists were in a desperate situation. Both public and private desperation existed then, as they do now.

A lot of artist during that time painted, so it could be accessible to the masses because they felt that people need support in those hard times.

Other artists tried to produce pieces that provided an escape from the harsh reality of their day. Surrealism gained popularity during this time because of its magical and surreal imagery. Using their imaginations and explorations of the unconscious, artists such as Salvador Dali and René Magritte were able to rise above the difficulties of their day.

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The Global Impact of the Great Depression | Wondrium Perspectives

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The Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dali

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The Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dali

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The Great Depression - 5 Minute History Lesson

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a shiny, new browser.

MindMeister uses the latest technology to ensure a fast and intuitive user experience. Please upgrade your browser to take full advantage of our app. Here a three of our users' favorites:

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MindMeister uses the latest technology to ensure a fast and intuitive user experience. Please upgrade your browser to take full advantage of our app. Here a three of our users' favorites:

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This experience was something new to me. I have never done a wall with information online, neither did I create a mind map online before. This task tested my researching and citing skills so I don't use any information without giving the source. The thing that I was most impressed about is that there were a lot of wars between two big wars. How can you fight if you literally just fought with someone else. Countries' governments can find many ways how to get what they need and that is also very impressive. Also I realised that the winners write the history so it might not be always true, so you gotta check everything you read and use.