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In my opinion, health has many components and is not just your body being in a state of homeostasis. It is the overall mental, spiritual and emotional well-being, not just physical health.

Being healthy is the ultimate type of wealth.

In Australia, it is a big stereotype that our health isn't our top priority as individuals, particularly when it comes to skin cancer and obesity.

Over two-thirds of Australians are either overweight or obese (Australian Bureau of Statistics, n.d.), and over two-thirds will be diagnosed with some form of skin cancer by the age of 70 (Cancer Council, 2023).

This is why it is very important for government-run organisations to fund and promote healthy habits, as skin cancer and obesity can cause a multitude of other chronic illnesses.

About skin cancer. Cancer Council NSW. (2023, October 3). https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/skin-cancer/about-skin-cancer/#:~:text=develop%20skin%20cancer.-,How%20common%20is%20skin%20cancer%3F,common%20cancer%20diagnosed%20in%20Australia.

Overweight and obesity, 2017-18 financial year. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (n.d.). https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/overweight-and-obesity/latest-release#:~:text=In%202017%2D18%2C%20two%20thirds%20(67.0%25)%20of%20Australians,percent%20(1.3%25)%20were%20underweight.

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The video above is a malungan (young woman) by the name of Jody Chester from Wiradjuri country, sharing a dreamtime story to galin (children) of the mob.

Australia has the oldest surviving culture on Earth which has lasted for at least 65 000 years. This native culture has many unique dances, songs and stories which are called dreamtime. As many people know Australia is aa massive country, being the 6th largest in the World therefore there is over 500 different Aboriginal mobs with different dialets and languages

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Wiradjuri: Why we see shooting stars - This Place

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My name is Montana.

I am an 18 year old girl who lives in Perth, Western Australia. I was born in Busselton and raised in the South West region mainly Bunbury, for majority of my childhood.
I have a Mum who has been an Enrolled Nurse for the past 5 years and is my inspiration.
I am the oldest of 4 siblings, but its not as crazy of a house as it seems. I have a full sister, Kelsey who is 16, half brother, Harry on my mum's side who is 11 and a half sister, Isla on my dad's side who is 5.

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Principle Health Issues that Refugees Face 

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Principle Health Issues that Refugees Face 

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Pakistan: Pakistan has struggled with significant issues with both internal and external security since obtaining independence from the British Empire in 1947. Pakistan experienced battles with India in the early years of its independence, the division of its eastern region, and the effects of the Afghan-Soviet War. The 1980s "Afghan jihad," in which Pakistan engaged, is largely at fault for today's security issues, including terrorism and religious extremism. The 'War on Terror' in Afghanistan and allied security operations against terrorists across Pakistan are largely to blame for the big wave of terrorism that emerged after 2002.

Terrorist incidents have been indiscriminately attacking markets, accommodations, religious and social gatherings, educational institutions, places of worship, parks, and various other public spaces for almost 15 years. In Pakistan, between 2003 and 2017, it has been estimated that terrorism claimed the lives of close to 62,000 individuals (Ahmed et al., 2018).

Nearly 60,000 refugees and 80,000 asylum seekers currently reside in Australia (UNHCR, n.d.). It is important as a healthcare professional to be culturally mindful and aware. Individuals who are seeking asylum may suffer from various health issues, which is why it is important to understand how to care for that person. There are three main issues that you would find when treating a refugee from Pakistan, which are listed in the (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, n.d.).

Malnourishment:
Poverty, illiteracy, and inadequate access to medical facilities are the primary root causes of malnutrition. Children in Pakistan consequently experience a variety of health issues, such as stunted growth, compromised immune systems, and delays in development (Azhar, 2023).

According to estimates, 12 per cent of children under the age of five are extremely underweight, and a staggering 38 per cent are underweight.
Children are the most vulnerable part of society, as they have not reaped the benefits of earlier phases of growth and development.
Despite similar or poorer economic performance, nations such as Nepal and Bangladesh have significantly reduced child mortality rates (Afzal & Yusuf, 2013).

Mental Health:
Islam is predominant in Pakistan, and ' mental diseases' are stigmatized and largely believed to be caused by supernatural sources (Karim et al., 2004). People who endured trauma or violence, such as those who have been impacted by terrorism, for instance, can have PTSD. However, numerous mental health illnesses remain untreated due to the stigma associated with seeking treatment because of mental illness (Azhar, 2023).

Tuberculosis:
With more than 500,000 new cases recorded annually, Pakistan has one of the highest rates of tuberculosis in the world, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
This illness is brought on by poor sanitation, a lack of access to clean water, and poor hygiene. For instance, unclean water sources are frequently used in Pakistan's rural areas, which promotes the development of waterborne illnesses (Azhar, 2023).

Afzal, U., & Yusuf, A. (2013). The State of Health in Pakistan: An overview. THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 18(Special Edition), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2013.v18.isp.a10

Ahmed, Z. S., Yousaf, F., & Zeb, K. (2018). Socio-economic and political determinants of terrorism in Pakistan. International Studies, 55(2), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881718790689

Azhar, Z. (2023, September 21). The five most common public health issues in Pakistan. Transparent Hands. https://www.transparenthands.org/top-5-public-health-issues-in-pakistan/

Karim, S., Saeed, K., Rana, M. H., Mubbashar, M. H., & Jenkins, R. (2004). Pakistan Mental Health Country Profile. International Review of Psychiatry, 16(1–2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260310001635131

Quick navigation. Australian Refugee Health Quick Navigation Comments. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

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Now, I know some other Australians, or even people from other parts of the World, might say that "caramel slice isn't Australian" or that it is not a staple in our culture, well it is in mine. For decades my family has had a Christmas lunch tradition at my Great Aunties house where there is the best food. I am talking ham, chicken, pavlova, trifle, but most importantly, caramel slice.

Since this treat holds such a special; place in my heart I am going to be sharing a recipe for it with you. Unfortunately, my Great Aunties' recipe is a secret and one that I haven't been told yet, so this "Taste" recipe will have to do.

Step 1

Preheat oven to 180°C. Line a 3cm deep, 28 x 18cm (base) lamington pan.

Step 2

Combine all base ingredients in a bowl. Mix well. Press into prepared lamington pan. Bake for 15 to 20 minutes, or until light golden. Remove from oven. Cool.

Step 3

Make filling: Combine all filling ingredients in a saucepan over medium heat. Cook, whisking, for 8 minutes or until golden. Pour over cooked base. Bake for 12 minutes or until firm. Cool completely. Refrigerate for 3 to 4 hours, or until set.

Step 4

Make topping: Place chocolate and copha into a heat-proof bowl over a saucepan of simmering water. Stir until melted. Pour over caramel. Refrigerate to set. Cut into squares to serve.

Chocolate caramel slice recipe - taste.com.au. (n.d.). https://www.taste.com.au/recipes/chocolate-caramel-slice/e809e9d7-1091-4262-ac89-b9b412f23b06?nk=0fd896db6f4f9f5a4c5504e63bd08b8a-1687253359

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Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds

The value of providing care sensitive to cultural differences endures despite the healthcare industry's inevitable change. A paradigm for clinicians titled Domain 7 captures the fundamental principles of delivering treatment that is efficient and incredibly sensitive to other cultural traditions. In this study, we go into the specifics of Domain 7, looking at its elements and how I will personally use them in my nursing practice.

Understanding Systemic Biases (12.2)
By being aware of the fact that there is many institutionalised policies and biases is integral to  providing culturally appropriate care. This guideline has given me the insight and knowledge to make the foundation and pillars of my nursing practices, most particularly when I start my placement. Therefore, by addressing these systemic biases, we can build a healthcare system, that treats patients fairly no matter their background.

In conclusion, Domain 7 is a map that guides my nursing practice, not merely a list of instructions. I am going to strive to give culturally sensitive care to individuals from migrant and refugee backgrounds by staying self-aware, comprehending structural prejudices, and respecting standards of ethics. Clinical professionals have the ability to sculpt a future in which healthcare overcomes cultural divides, celebrates diversity, and promotes a sense of belonging for all. Together, we can build a healthcare system that genuinely embodies compassion, understanding, and inclusivity by internalizing and implementing Domain 7's ideas into practice, changing the world one patient at a time.

Culturally responsive clinical practice: Working with people from ... (n.d.-b). https://cbrhl.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Culturally-responsive-clinica.pdf

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Every year, Australia, a country famed for its cultural diversity and friendliness, welcomes thousands of migrants and refugees. While the country provides new starts, the journey is not without difficulties. The impact of socioeconomic variables on the health of migrant and refugee communities is an important factor. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes a number of variables, three of which – income and social protection, education, and housing – have a considerable impact on the health and well-being of these groups in Australia.

Income and Social Protection
Income inequality is an increasing cause of worry for a number of migrant and refugee groups. Limited access to reliable income sources often leads to financial strain, making it difficult for individuals to afford crucial medical services and basic necessities. Social protection strategies are critical in reducing these disparities. In Australia, programs such as Medicare and Centrelink provide vital medical care and financial support to migrants and refugees (Australian Refugee Health, n.d.). However, these programs' efficiency depends substantially on accessibility and awareness. Ensuring that migrants and refugees are aware of these programs is essential to closing the economic gap and improving their general well-being.

Education
Language obstacles, cultural differences, and a lack of recognition for qualifications gained in their native countries all have the potential to hinder educational prospects. Critical initiatives include language acquisition, cultural orientation, and acknowledgement of foreign qualifications. Educational institutions and community organizations play critical roles in empowering migrants and refugees via education and aiding their smooth integration into Australian society.

Housing
Access to safe and stable housing is critical to any household's overall health and well-being. Housing issues frequently develop for migrants and refugees in Australia due to financial constraints, prejudice, and a lack of rental history. Inadequate housing can cause a variety of health concerns, including respiratory problems and emotional stress (Krieger & Higgins, 2002). Government housing programs and community-led efforts are critical for delivering affordable and culturally responsive housing alternatives. Furthermore, providing basic facilities such as clean water, sanitation, and green spaces, together with fostering a supportive and inclusive environment, develops a sense of belonging and has a favourable impact on the overall health of migrant and refugee groups.

Krieger, J., & Higgins, D. L. (2002). Housing and Health: Time again for public health action. American Journal of Public Health, 92(5), 758–768. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.5.758

Quick navigation. Australian Refugee Health Quick Navigation Comments. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

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When I think about Australian music, I don't think of country tunes; I think of rap. Most notably, Hilltop Hoods.

Most children grew up with boring radio music, no shame I love Katy Perry, but I listened to bands like Hilltop Hoods, Bliss 'n' Eso, Illy, Drapht, and many more.

Their rhymes capture the essence of the Aussie spirit – laid-back, resilient, and always ready for a good time. Whether it's "Cosby Sweater" blasting through the speakers at a house party or "1955" setting the vibe for a road trip along the Southern stretch of Caves Road, Hilltop Hoods provide the soundtrack to our adventures.

Drapht, for myself at the least, embodies that suburban life, no flashy watches or shiny cars. Listening to tracks like "Rapunzel" and "Jimmy Recard" transports us to familiar Aussie settings – the local pub, the footy field, or just chilling with mates by the local body of water. Drapht's music resonates with our experiences, mirroring the ordinary yet extraordinary moments of an Australian childhood.

Our music culture reflects the fact that Australia is a cultural melting pot. Hilltop Hoods and Drapht embrace this diversity, weaving a rich tapestry of inspirations into their music. Their tunes, which range from Indigenous sounds to cosmopolitan beats, reflect the multiculturalism that characterizes modern Australia. Listening to their music, we learn to appreciate our differences, celebrating the unique flavours that each culture brings to the table.

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Now I have to disclose, I was never the most sporty individual, particularly as a child. So when I talk about netball I talk specifically in my one year of experience in year 3.

Netball is typically played on a rectangular court divided into thirds. Each team has seven players, each with specific positions:

Goal Shooter (GS) and Goal Attack (GA): These players focus on scoring goals for their team. The GS shoots from inside the shooting circle, while the GA assists both in scoring and feeding the ball to the shooters.

Wing Attack (WA): The WA’s primary role is to bring the ball into the attacking third and assist the shooters. They need excellent passing skills and a good understanding of the game.

Centre (C): The centre is the heartbeat of the team. They can move freely across the court, playing both defensively and offensively. The centre is responsible for starting the game after each goal and after half-time.

Wing Defence (WD) and Goal Defence (GD): These players form the defensive duo, aiming to intercept passes, block shots, and limit the opposition's scoring opportunities.

Goal Keeper (GK): Positioned inside the defensive shooting circle, the GK's main role is to prevent the opposition's Goal Shooter and Goal Attack from scoring.

This game's foundation is based upon teamwork, everyone has a role and everyone has a part to play, not one individual can slack off. I remember when I played for one year I have this core memory of our uniform that we had to wear and each team had their own unique colours, patterns, designs and names. All I remember is that we had the coolest dress covered in fireworks, which was our name.

This sport is quintessential in many young Australian girls and helped teach us how to be a team and communicate with one another.

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Nothing Beats the smell of fresh eucalyptus on the morning walk to school, more well-known as gum trees. Australia has the most diverse flora and fauna in the whole world. From kangaroos to koalas, to vibrant landscapes. With over 700 species, eucalyptus trees dominate the Australian landscape, contributing not only to the country's natural beauty but also playing a vital role in the ecosystem.

The leaves are commonly used to make oils, which can be used in a multitude of ways (Britannica, 2023). Eucalyptus trees have enormous cultural and medicinal value for Indigenous Australians. Traditional Indigenous knowledge recognizes the medicinal benefits of eucalyptus oil, which is extracted from the leaves and used to cure a variety of maladies ranging from respiratory problems to skin concerns. Furthermore, these trees are intimately entwined into Dreamtime stories and ceremonies, symbolizing Indigenous tribes' relationship to the earth (Medicinal Properties of Eucalyptus, n.d.).

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2023, September 11). Eucalyptus. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/plant/Eucalyptus

The medicinal properties and bush foods of Eucalypts. Medicinal Properties of Eucalypts. (n.d.). https://anpsa.org.au/APOL9/mar98-2.html