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The anthem reflects the way the Bhutanese treat their own country. The lines show their strong aspiration for a thriving motherland, deep love for the country, wishes for peace and happiness, and pursuit of a better life.

National Anthem of Bhutan. (n.d.). Asia Odyssey Travel. https://www.bhutantrip.com/facts/national-anthem-of-bhutan.html

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National anthem of Bhutan- The land of thunder dragon 🐉

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Blue poppy is a rare flower found in high altitudes (3500m-4000m) of the Himalayas and blooms during the spring. Its native name is " Eutgel Metog Hoem" It was declared as the national flower of Bhutan in the early 90s.

National symbols - Little Bhutan. (2023, August 31). Little Bhutan. https://littlebhutan.com/bhutan/national-symbols

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"Ema Datshi'' ( Chilli & cheese) (How to Make Bhutanese Ema Datshi Recipe, 2023)

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"Ema Datshi" is the national dish of Bhutan. It's a stew made with spicy chilies and cheese. "Ema" means chili, and "datshi" means cheese. It's mostly eaten with red rice.

Ingredients

1.50     Tomato sliced lengthwise

1          Onion sliced lengthwise

1/2       Green capsicum sliced lengthwise

3-4      Red chili peppers sliced lengthwise

4-5      Green chili slit

4-5      Garlic cloves sliced

One tbsp.           Salt

One tbsp.           Black peppercorns

One tbsp.           Oil

1 cup.                  Water

Three tbsp.         Butter

1 cup.                   Cheese grated

In a pan, add the sliced tomato, onion, green capsicum, red chili peppers (as per taste), 4 to 5 slit green chili, 4 to 5 cloves of garlic, 1 tbsp salt, 1 tbsp black peppercorns (optional). Drizzle 1 tsp oil and add 1 cup water- 1 cup. Put the pan on high heat. Cover and boil for 10 minutes. Remove the lid and stir. Then add 3 tbsp butter and 1 cup grated cheese. Mix all the ingredients well till the cheese melts and the gravy thickens. Ema Datshi is ready.

Nutrition Value per serving

Macro Nutrients:

Carbs                42g

Protein.             39g

Fiber.                 29g

Fats

Fat.                     30g

Vitamins & Minerals

Calcium.             961mg

Iron.                   11mg

Vitamin A.          3310mcg

Vitamin B1.         < 1mg

Vitamin B2         < 1mg

Vitamin B3.        3mg

Vitamin B6.        < 1mg

Vitamin B9.        298mcg

Vitamin B12       0mcg

Vitamin C           134mg

Vitamin E.           3mg

Copper.               1mcg

Magnesium.        289mg

Manganese         11mg

Phosphorus         683mg

Selenium              50mcg

Zinc.                     7mg

How to make Bhutanese Ema Datshi Recipe. (2023, July 20). Slurrp. https://www.slurrp.com/recipes/bhutanese-ema-datshi-1612538950

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HRH King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuk(in yellow scarf) and citizen of Bhutan

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Being a Bhutanese, I define health as being mentally, physically, socially, and spiritually happy. I believe that health is all about maintaining balance between different aspects of life, where you cannot be mentally healthy if you are not physically strong and vice versa.Moreover, spirituality is an essential component of our country's health and is influenced by religious beliefs.

We Bhutanese view happiness as an essential aspect of health. The Fourth King Jigme Singye Wangchuck introduced Gross National Happiness by stating that GNH is more important than GDP as it delivers more happiness and well-being.

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Afghanistan is a landlocked Islamic country in Central Asia and South Asia. Afghanistan's humanitarian crisis worsened in 2022, mainly because of the country's enduring economic collapse after the Taliban takeover.

Some of the most common health issues likely to be faced by Afghanisthan refugees are:

1. Mental health:

This is undoubtedly one of the most common health issues in refugees. Some of the most common disorders are PTSD, depression, and anxiety. While pre-arrival experience of trauma, conflict, family separations, and torture is the leading cause, settlement is also a cause. Settling in a country differering in culture and language, and unemployment and financial instability can be challenging. FASSTT,  a network of  8 rehabilitation agencies, provides specialized torture and trauma counseling services that are free and confidential. Eg; ASSeTS in Perth, WA. (About the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide » Australian Refugee Health, n.d.)

2)Malaria:

Malaria is endemic in many refugee-source countries. Afghanistan is also one of the countries with a significant malaria risk. Some of the common symptoms are febrile illness, nausea, chills, and diarrhea. Australia was declared endemic malaria-free in 1981; thus, detection and treatment of malaria are essential. Pre-departure screening and re-screening of malaria are carried out to curb the issue for people from refugee-like backgrounds. Patients with severe malaria are to be referred to the hospital immediately. (About the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide » Australian Refugee Health, n.d.)

3)Immunisation:

Due to the humanitarian crisis, disruption of health services, and forced migration experience, refugees are likely to be at risk of being unimmunized or even under-immunized due to differences in vaccine schedules between the country they are from and Australia and even loss of documentation. Being unimmunized is a threat, both to the refugees and society. Thus, developing a catchup immunization plan and documenting it is essential. (About the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide » Australian Refugee Health, n.d.)

About the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide » Australian Refugee Health. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/about-this-practice-guide/

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Cordyceps sinensis is one of the widely used traditional medicine in Bhutan. It is a tonic to increase health and vitality and combat aging and age-related diseases.

A. (2021, November 15). Cordyceps Sinensis | Buy original cordyceps sinensis from Bhutan. Cordyceps Sinensis. https://cordycepssinensis.org/

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"Gho" & "Kira" are the national dress of Bhutan.

Kira (women): Ankle-length dress held over the shoulder with a pair of broaches and a handwoven belt known as the "kyera" on the waist. Under the Kira, a "wonju" (blouse) is worn. A "toego" (open jacket) is worn over the dress.

Gho (men):  A long robe is worn to the knee and tied with  "kyera" at the waist.

National symbols - Little Bhutan. (2023, August 31). Little Bhutan. https://littlebhutan.com/bhutan/national-symbols

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Bhutan - the kingdom of "Thunder Dragon" is widely known for the majestic landscapes and vibrant culture. One of the crucial elements making Bhutan a treasure on the eastern slope of the Himalayas is the hand-woven traditional dresses including "Gho" for men and 'Kira" for women. It was first introduced in the 17th century by the unifier of Bhutan "Ngawang Namgyal" to give a distinctive identity to the people. So far, it has become the national costume symbolizing the cultural aesthetics of the country.

In the attempt to preserve and promote the national cultural identity, it is made compulsory for citizens to wear it at schools, government offices, Bhutan festivals, and important occasions. Since the Government of Bhutan opened their isolated country to the outside world, it is available for tourists who have gone through Bhutan tours to wear Gho and Kira during the vacation. Keep scrolling to have an insight into the various types of accessories making up the beautiful national dresses to fulfill your deep understanding of the unique Bhutan culture as well as the custom of the country.

Bhutan Traditional Dress For Men

Gho is the traditional and national attire for men in Bhutan. Before getting to know more about it, we should notice that there are intricate types of accessories forming the perfect traditional layout. For instance, Gho is a large knee-length robe made from various types of patterns. Normally, it has plaid and striped designs with different colors such as orange, yellow, and so on.

It is nicely wrapped around the body and well tied by a Kera - a woven fabric belt designed with a myriad of colors and patterns at the waist to form a big pocket in front of the abdomen to keep things like wallet and mobile phone inside. Before putting on the Gho, men always wear a long-sleeve and short white jacket called Toego (or Tego) under it.

Another part of the Gho is Kabney which is worn on formal occasions or when visiting the Dzong. It is a large silk scarf draped over the coat from the left shoulder to the right hip. The colors of Kabney is varied from person to person in different positions in society. For instance, saffron Kabney for the Druk Gyalpo (Bhutan King), and the chief abbot, orange for ministers and other cabinet members, blue for the legislature, green Kabney for the judiciary, and white for common men.

Noticeably, some kinds of Kabney have stripes with different colors which symbolize different ranks of people such as white Kabney with blue stripes for the members of the National Assembly and white Kabney with red stripes for the head of gewogs (headmen of the village).

Last but not least, the traditional shoes for men in Bhutan, called Tsho Lham contain enormous significance. It is said that, when a man wears Tsho Lham, he can visit any Lhakhang throughout the country.

Bhutan Traditional Dress for Women

Kira is the traditional costume for women in Bhutan. It is a long-ankle length dress consisting of a rectangular piece of woven fabric which is wrapped around the body. After draping over the shoulder, it is pinned in both sides with a pair of Komas. Koma is an identical clip made from silver or silver gilt with a small piece of turquoise set in the center.

Like men, women in Bhutan also tie their Kira by a fabric belt at the waist called Kera. The Keras for women and men are quite different in styles and colors. Generally, the Kera for women is more complicated in comparison with the Kera for men.

Apart from the layout is a Toego which is worn underneath the Kira. It is designed to more particular to help women enhance their appearance. One more long-sleeve jacket is worn over the Kira is a Wonju. It made from a wide range of materials such as silk, cotton, or polyester. Like Toego, it is designed with various colors.

The rest of the layout consists of the Rachu. It is similar to the Kabney of men in which some of Rachus are in different colors representing women's position. Normally, most Bhutanese women wear red Rachu with intricate design, it is always draped on the left shoulder on special occasions. Traditional costumes symbolize the essence of fascinating Bhutan through the ups and downs of the historic journey.

Once in Bhutan holiday, it is worth for everyone to wear the Gho or Kira to interact with the local people to get a remarkable experience in this beautiful country.

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Bhutan Traditional Dress & Costume - Things to Know | Go Bhutan Tours

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Kira, Gho and more... This article gives you an insight into the Bhutan traditional dress and national custume. Enjoy our writing to find out more.

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Competency standard 12.1 was the most relevant to me from Domain 7.   I now understand that as a future registered nurse,  I need to be well aware of my culture and beliefs to avoid unconscious biases that may hinder effective communication among my colleagues and, most importantly, in providing care to my patients. Having learned this,  I now know that I may come across people with different backgrounds; thus, reflecting on my thoughts and what I say while interacting with patients is essential to avoid unconsciously forcing my thoughts onto patients. This is a crucial skill that I should further develop to ensure effective communication and enhance person-centered care during my nursing practice.

https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.

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(Social Determinants of Health Resources - PrimaryOne Health, 2019)

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Migrants/refugees face various obstacles (social determinants) that may affect their health upon migrating. Some of the critical determinants of health are;

1)Housing:
With the increase in migrants/refugees, inadequate houses exist. Those available might not be affordable due to unemployment or financial instability and might be far from healthcare services, affecting health.

2)Social inclusion and nondiscrimination:
Migrants and refugees might face inequalities, affecting access to health care services, education, and employment. Moreover, this may lead to mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.

3)Working life conditions:
Migrants may find difficulties coping with the new working environment due to differences in language, policies, and opportunities. Moreover, balancing work and personal life can be challenging.

Social determinants of health. (2019, May 30). www.who.int. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health

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Archery was declared as the national sport of Bhutan in 1971. It plays a vital role in Bhutanese myths and legends. It is played as a leisure and during special occasions.

National symbols - Little Bhutan. (2023, August 31). Little Bhutan. https://littlebhutan.com/bhutan/national-symbols