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What are speech or language disabilities (characteristics)

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What are speech or language disabilities (characteristics)

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A speech or language impairment is a communication disorder that negatively affects a child's educational performance. Speech or language disorders can include impaired articulation, stuttering, difficulty using processing language, or a voice impairment. Speech or language disorders can be caused by damage to nerves, muscles, or vocal structures. Speech or language disorders can be comorbid. For example, someone with autism or Down syndrome may also have a speech disorder.

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Frequently used Acronyms for Speech or language

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Frequently used Acronyms for Speech or language

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- S.L.I stands for speech and language impairments.
- S.L.P stands for speech-language pathologist.
- A.A.C stands for Augmentative and Alternative Communication.
- A.O.S stands for Apraxia of speech.
- A.S.H.A  stands for American Speech and Hearing Association.
A.W.M- Auditory working memory.
C.I- cohclear implant.
E.I- early intervention
D.E.A.P - diagnostic evaluation articulation and phonology.

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Identification Procedures and Service Delivery

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Identification Procedures and Service Delivery

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To be diagnosed with speech or language disorder, the individual must be evaluated by a Speech-Language Pathologist. During the evaluation, the individual will tested on their vocabulary, ability to read and write, ability to share information, and ability to converse. Their abilities are compared to others of their age group. If they are far below the average for their age, then they might be diagnosed with an SLI. They will also run tests to see what might interfere with their communication, like possible deafness or a problem with the larynx. Children with SLIs are eligible for special education services or intervention under the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA). Some schools and school districts have Speech-Language Pathologist to work with students.

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AC009-1574 Intervention Guide Series Image-Int

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3 resources for parents of children with Speech or language impairments

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3 resources for parents of children with Speech or language impairments

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At the national level, the American Speech and Hearing Association, or ASHA for short, is a phenomenal resource for parents of children with speech or language impairments. ASHA is an organization made up of 228,000 professionals in the fields of speech, language, and hearing. Their website has lots of information on topics such as hearing, balance, speech, language, swallowing, health insurance, and much more.
At the regional level, UNC Chapel Hill provides the Family Support Network, which includes information and resources to help families of special needs children. They also offer parent-to-parent support and outreach training programs.
Parents can find help at the local level through speech clinics in their communities. Usually, they will have a website where parents can find information about speech therapy and other options.

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At the national level, the American Speech and Hearing Association has great information for teachers of students with Speech or Language Impediments. A.S.H.A has articles about difficulties children with S.L.Is experience in the classroom and how they can be supported.
At the regional level, the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction has information specifically for North Carolina teachers on working with children with disabilities.
If a teacher is looking for resources at the local level, they can type in their county and then, after that, type exceptional children's assistance center. Typing that should bring up a list of resources in their area, including the number of the exceptional children's assistance center.

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Simple Accommodations can be made in the classroom to aid children with S.L.Is. These accommodations include reducing background noise, pairing vocabulary with visuals, simplifying directions, asking questions individually, and allowing the student to use an A.A.C. device.
Some adaptations that can be made in the classroom include allowing the student more response time, allowing them to sit closer to the front, letting their test be read aloud, and modifying grading requirements based on the student's speech impairment.

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History & mission. Family Support Network of North Carolina. (n.d.). https://fsnnc.org/history-mission/

Rayburn, J. (2018). Common speech & language IEP accommodations - speech room news. © 2018, Speech Room News, LLC Common Speech & Language IEP Accommodations. https://thespeechroomnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/IEP-Accomodations.pdf

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, May 11). Language and speech disorders in children. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/language-disorders.html

Hirsch, L. (Ed.). (2021, March). Speech and language disorders factsheet (for Schools) (for parents) - nemours kidshealth. KidsHealth. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-language-factsheet.html

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Behavior Management and Social Strategies

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Behavior Management and Social Strategies

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A social strategy teachers can implement to support students with an S.L.I. is encouraging them to engage in classroom activities and discussions. They should also positively reinforce when the student uses the correct pronunciation of a word they might struggle with. The teacher should also model good speech production while teaching. Students may become frustrated or upset if they cannot communicate their feelings or needs. If this happens, the adult should comfort them and ask them simple questions that can help them better understand why the child is upset.