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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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the standard photographic film format for single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras & motion picture cameras. The 35mm format has mostly given way to digital still & video technologies.

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(TLR) A camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One lens is the "taking lens" which takes the picture and the other lens is for the viewfinder.

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Big film size, large format camera uses sheet film sized 4x5. The bigger the film size, the better the quality.

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developing out paper is a monochrome imaging process which is based on the light sensitivity of silver halides. The image is then permanent by treatment in a photograhic fixe, that removes the remaing light sensitive silver halides.

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a person who selects and interprets works of art. a professional in charge of managing art displays in museums or libraries etc.

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a public display of art or items of interest in an art gallery, museum or trade fair for A SHORT period of time.

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it will help to put the main subject into a context by using elements of a scene to create depth in a photo.

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a room/building for the display and sale of works of art. PERMANENT display of art.

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the legal right given to print, publish, film, perform, etc. and to authorize others to do the same.

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an element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two or three dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited height/width.

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An element of art made up of three properties which are hue, value, and intensity. Hue is the name of color. Value is hue’s lightness and darkness. Intensity is the quality of brightness and and purity.

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Is three-dimensional and encloses volume which includes height, width and depth. Form may also be free flowing.

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an element of art which refers to the way things feel or look, as if they might feel touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones of color. White would be the lightest value and black would be the darkest. Middle gray is the value in between.

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Positive and Negative areas are defined and a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.

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The distribution of elements making the photo look stable. Symmetrical Balance elements should be used on one side of the design and then are similar on the other side. Asymmetrical Balance means the sides are different but still look balanced.

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The use of several elements of a design to hold the viewer’s attention & to guide the viewer's eye through and around the work of art.

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The repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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The feeling of unity created when all parts relate well with each other.

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The path of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Most of the time the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. Could be directed along lines, edges, shape and color.

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The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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The part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a tulip flower/starfish.

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made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis that is showing symmetry.

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having parts or aspects that are not equal or equivalent; lacking symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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containing or using only one color

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence

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Any color that is calm or soothing to nature. Not overpowering &tend to recede in space. These colors typically make a space seem larger. Ex of cool colors: green, blue & violet (calming blue waters).

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Any color used to describe something vivid or warm in nature. Tend to advance in space & can be overwhelming. Contrast with cool colors. Ex. of warm colors: red, yellow & orange (exciting fire/volcanoes).

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they are opposite colors on the color wheel. a color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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Defined as colors that you can't give a definite color name. These colors include beige, cream, ivory, white, grey, brown and natural wood.

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A "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings & photographs

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The geometric relationship of two quantities that are in the golden ratio. If their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities.

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The viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image. A leading line paves as an easy path for the eye to follow through different elements of a photo.

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when a photographer specifically composes their image to contain a lot of emptiness. the space around a subject or areas of interest. Refers to the background.

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the space occupied by an object or subject. Refers to main subject.

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not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering representing facts

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when someone is influenced based on their own personal feelings, tastes, or opinions

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offering valid/well-reasoned opinions about the work of others. Involving positive and negative comments in a friendly manner.

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taking somebody else's work/ideas and using it as your own

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a symbol, word or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company/product

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follows good moral standards. relating to moral principles or branch of knowledge dealing with these

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illumination from the behind

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a soft light with no intense/glare of direct light. Scattered & comes from all directions, it seems to wrap around objects. It is softer & doesn't cast harsh shadows.

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the light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. Refers to natural light (either outside or coming through windows, etc.). Can also mean artificial lights such as room lights.

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an effect where there is a very contrasting dark's & lights in the photo to create a sense of drama and intensity.

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the dark shape & outline of someone/something visible against a lighter background (especially in dim light)

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pairs of closely associated portraits/images or themed pictures that are often used to off-set one another.

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a set of three pictures hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece

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small unit of informations that makes up a photo. (area of illumination on a display screen)

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a period of twilight when the sun is at a significant depth below the horizon & residual. The indirect sunlight takes on predominantly blue shade; it defers from the one visible during a clear day.

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the period of daytime that’s shortly after sunrise/before sunset. During where the daylight is redder and softer when the sun is higher in the sky.

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file format is a standard way that info is encoded for storage in a computer file. some file formats are designed for a particular types of data.

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a file type that comes out of a DSLR camera and has no compression
7 is best for editing .cr2-Canon RAW file. file with CR2 file extension is a Canon Raw Version 2 image file created by Canon digital camera. .nef-Nikon's RAW file format

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stands for photoshop document. A file that is layered image file used in Adobe Photoshop; the default format that PS uses for saving data. A file that allows the users work with the images individual layers (even after the file has been saved).

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a format for compressing image files (a file in JPEG format) most common standard format

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computer file format for storing raster graphics images and remembering layers. stands for tagged image file forms. A file format for storing images

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a mode in a digital camera; the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph. From the shutter speed to the aperture setting to the focus.

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main settings on camera, you can manually control the shutter speed, ISO, etc.

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the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture & shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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S on mode dial, also called the time value, could be abbreviated Tv. It refers to a setting in some cameras, where the user can choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts to the aperture to get correct exposure.

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A or Av on camera mode dial. Allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it with he proper exposure based on lighting conditions that are measured by the cameras light meter.

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Measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the number the less sensitive the camera is to light .By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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Usually an aspect of electronic noise. Can be produced by the sensor & circuitry of scanner.

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measurement of film speed & sensitivity to light. Stands for American Standards Association. No longer widely used because now most film is labeled ISO.

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the random optical texture of processed film. Can look like splotches of discoloration when really bad and can ruin the photograph.

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a sensor that detects/conveys info used to make an image.

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(Digital Single Lens Reflex) A digital camera that uses a single lens reflex (SLR) mechanism.

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a set of data that describes/gives information about other data.

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a reduced-size versions of pictures or videos that are used to help in recognizing/organizing them and serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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stands for Straight Out Of Camera. Meaning that an image could be good enough to print straight out of the camera w/o further processing.

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VR- is an image stabilizer technology that minimizes blur that is caused by camera shake.

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a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder the points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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predicts a photo's exposure taken with the current meter reading/using the current exposure settings.

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used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera making photographs brighter or darker.

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also known as continuous shooting. A shooting mode in still cameras; several photographs captured in quick succession. This is done by pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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(Focal-Stop) the "aperture" opening of the camera lens that allows light to come in. It also, sees depth of the field, determines how much focus is in front/behind the subject.

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A lens diaphragm opening in a photographic lens, which regulates the amount of light travel passing through.

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the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by the lens. Defined as “the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get  when shooting a subject”

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the distance between the nearest and farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. It can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, & aperture.

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a measure of how strongly the system converges/diverges light.

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the length of time of time when the digital sensor is exposed to light. The amount of light that reaches the sensor is proportional to the exposure time.

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exposure setting used when shutter speed is more than 30 seconds. Usually taken in in extremely low light (taking photos of the night sky).

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the apparent streak of moving objects in a photograph. Due to rapid movement or exposure.

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the act of accidentally shaking camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, resulting in a blurry image. Often occurs when using a low shutter speed or heavy lens.

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tripod: means three (legs) and a mounting head
a tripod is used to stabilize & elevate
mono: means one (leg)
a camera support when it’s not practical to carry a tripod.

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The process of removing unrealistic color casts. Has to take in the "color temperature" of a light source.

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to make daylight sun look warm, the WB should be around 5500k. If you set WB mode to daylight the colour tone will appear close to what you see.

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a shaded location produces cooler/bluer pictures, so you need to warm up the surrounds while shooting shaded objects.

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you would use this white balance setting on a cloudy day to make the image more natural.

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this setting helps cool down color temperature in photos and helps with low light conditions.

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this setting is for getting brighter & warmer shots and is for normal daylight setting.

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this setting helps make your flash into an orange colored light source and matches color temperature.

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this setting allows you to control the overall color of an image. You take a picture of a known gray reference under the same lighting and the colors will be accurate.

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describes the darkest parts of an image. the lighting/exposure of shadow within an image can be used to add or remove darkness from a scene

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range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail. Usually portion of tone reproduction which changes in proportion to change in brightness