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Oversight function- review by legislative committees of policies and programs of executive brach
synonyms: examination and analysis

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Bicameral: having 2 branches (of a legislative body)
synonyms: amphibian, binary

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Congressional Term: relating to a national legislative body
synonyms: association, board

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Congressional Session: meeting of each party before every new session of Congress
synonyms: meeting, conference

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Adjourn: to suspend the meeting to a future time/place
synonyms: break off, withdraw

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Recess: period of time when the proceedings of a court of law, or other, are temporarily suspended
synonyms: break

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Apportionment: the result of apportioning something
synonyms: sharing, division

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Reapportionment:  process re-distributing seats in the House of Representatives
synonyms: reallocation, reallotment

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Gerrymander: manipulate the boundaries of an electoral constituency so as to favor one party
synonyms: arrange, concert

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Incumbent: necessary for someone as a duty or responsibility
synonym: blinding, obligatory

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Continuous Body: governing unit whose seats are never all up for election at the same time
synonym: constituency

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Constituency: a body of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body.
synonym: voters, electorate

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Ways of Voting
a. Delegate: a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference.

synonym: representative, envoy

b. Trustee: a member of a board given powers of administration of property in trust with a legal obligation to administer it solely for the purposes specified.
synonym: administrator, agent

c. Partisan: a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person.

synonym: supporter, follower

d. Politico: a politician or person with strong political views.

synonym: statesman, senator

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Bill: a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

synonym: proposal, measure

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14. Floor: (of a legislature or chamber) is the place where members sit and make speeches
synonym: podium, terrace

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Floor consideration- process by which proposed laws are considered and acted upon by full membership of House or Senate
synonyms: measure is ready for consideration and laws are considered

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Oversight function- review by legislative committees of policies and programs of executive brach
synonyms: examination and analysis

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Expressed Powers- those delegated powers of the National Government that are spelled out, expressly, in the Constitution; also called the "enumerated powers"
synonyms: power to tax and power to borrow

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Implied Powers- those delegated powers of the National government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the Constitution; those "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed powers
synonyms: resulting powers and implied authority

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Inherent Powers- powers the Constitution is presumed to have delegated to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community
synonyms: authoritative actions and implied agency

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Commerce Power- the power to regulate; prescribe the rule by which commerce is to be governed. It is a complete and vested power of Congress and no limitation other than what are prescribed in the Constitution.
synonyms: without limit and the power to regulate

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Tax- a mandatory payment to a local, state, or national government
synonyms: levy and tariff

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Deficit Spending- the federal government's practice of spending more money than it takes in as revenues.
synonyms: budget deficit and debt

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Copyright patent- An exclusive right granted by the federal government allowing the owner to reproduce and sell an artistic or published work. A government grant that gives an inventor the exclusive right or privilege to make, use, or sell his or her invention for a limited time period.
synonyms: ownership and concession

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Territory- Area of land controlled by a nation.

synonyms: area and land

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Naturalization- process to become a citizen: have to be here with permission, live here for 5 years, and know some English.
synonyms: acclimatization and acculturation

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Necessary and Proper Clause- The Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the "Elastic Clause," provides Congress with the authority to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the [enumerated] powers, and all other powers vested by the Constitution in the government of the United States."
synonyms: Elastic Clause and coefficient clause

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Successor- a person who follows next in order

synonyms: replacement and next in line

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Impeach- legal process to formally charge the president or officials with misconduct in office.
synonyms: accuse and arraign

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Acquit- to find not guilty of a fault or crime
synonyms: absolve and discharge

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Perjury- criminal offense of making false statements under oath
synonyms: deception and dishonesty

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31. Censure - is a formal, and public, group condemnation of an individual, often a group member, whose actions run counter to the group's acceptable standards for individual behavior. Synonyms: condemn , criticize.

32. Subpoena- A subpoena or witness summons is a writ issued by a government agency, most often a court, to compel testimony by a witness or production of evidence under a penalty for failure. Synonyms: warrant , summons

33. Speaker of the House - Is the political and parliamentary leader of the  House of Representatives. Synonyms : manager, encharge
34. President of the Senate- Is a title given to the presiding officer of a senate .
35. President Pro Tempore - A high-ranking senator of the majority party who presides over the US Senate in the absence of the vice president.
36. Party caucus - A caucus is a meeting of supporters  or members of a specific political party  or movement.
37. Floor Leader-  The leader of a party in a legislative assembly
38. Minority leader-  The head of the minority party in a legislative body, especially the US Senate or House of Representatives.
39. Majority leader- the head of the majority party in a legislative body, especially the US Senate or House of Representatives.
40. Whips - A whip is an official party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature.
41. Committee chairmen - Is the presiding officer of a committee.
42. Types of Committees
A. Standing - A permanent committee that meets regularly.
B. Select- a small legislative committee appointed for a special purpose.
C. Joint - A committee whose members are from two or more different organizations,  or from both chambers of a bicameral legislative body (such as the US Congress).
D. Conference - A conference committee is a joint committee of the United States Congress appointed by the House of Representatives and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill.
43. Subcommittees -  A committee composed of some members of a larger committee, board, or other body and reporting to it.
44. Joint Resolution -  (in the US Congress) a resolution passed by both the Senate and the House of Representatives.
45. Concurrent Resolution- a resolution adopted by both houses of a legislative assembly that does not require the signature of the chef executive and that does not have the force of law.

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46. Resolution
a firm decision to do or not to do something.
synonyms: decision, purpose
47. Rider
are usually created as a tactic to pass a controversial provision that would not pass as its own bill.

48. Pigeonhole
to put aside for the present, especially with the intention of ignoring or forgetting, often indefinitely

49. Quorum
is the number or proportion of the members of an organization that must be present in order to transact any business.

50. Filibuster
Informal term for any attempt to block or delay Senate action on a bill or other matter by debating it at length

51. Cloture rule
The cloture rule–Rule 22–is the only formal procedure that Senate rules provide for breaking a filibuster. Under cloture, the Senate may limit consideration of a pending matter to 30 additional hours of debate.

52. Congressional review
The law empowers Congress to review, by means of an expedited legislative process, new federal regulations issued by government agencies and, by passage of a joint resolution, to overrule a regulation.

53. Divided government
In the United States, divided government describes a situation in which one party controls the executive branch while another party controls one or both houses of the legislative branch.

54. Earmark
are funds provided by Congress for projects or programs that curtail the ability of the Executive Branch to manage critical aspects of the funds allocation process.

55. Logrolling
is the trading of favors, or quid pro quo, such as vote trading by legislative members to obtain passage of actions of interest to each legislative member.

56. Pork
spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.

57. War powers resolution
is a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.