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Autism, also called autism spectrum disorder (ASD),  is a complex, lifelong developmental condition that typically appears during early childhood and can impact a person’s social skills, communication, relationships, and self-regulation. The Autism experience is different for everyone. It is defined by a certain set of behaviors and is often referred to as a “spectrum condition” that affects people differently and to varying degrees.

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We know that there's no one cause of autism. Research suggests that autism develops from a combination of genetic and nongenetic, or environmental such as viral infections, medications or complications during pregnancy, or air pollutants play a role in triggering autism spectrum disorder.

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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Autism is a condition that affects how a person thinks, feels, interacts with others, and experiences their environment.

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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* Behavioral Disturbances.

* Deficits in Language Comprehension.

* Delay in Learning to Speak.

* Inappropriate Social Interaction.

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Ali is a 4 year old boy who began receiving speech therapy when he was younger through Early Intervention.

Before PROMPT therapy started, Ali imitated the sounds of /t/ and /d/ but had a difficult time closing his lips to imitate the sounds /p, b, m/ and was not able to round his lips for the production of /w/.

He struggled to produce these sounds in simple combinations such as “ma.” Ali was not highly engaged in attempting to imitate words or sounds, and did not respond to a variety of questions presented to him. In addition, he only used single words to indicate his needs. His mother reported that she understood him less than 50% of the time.

A year after he began PROMPT, he was able to complete single words using a variety of sounds such as “boat, hat, house, and mouse” and increased his sound repertoire to produce /p,b,m,w,n,t,d,k,f,s,sh,ch/ with moderate PROMPTs applied to his face.

Ali continues to gain new sounds and words and is very happy when he talks with his friends and family.

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Symptoms of Autism :

They don't respond to their name by their first birthday.

Playing, sharing, or talking with other people don’t interest them.

They prefer to be alone.

They avoid or reject physical contact, including hugging.

They avoid eye contact.

When they’re upset, they don’t like to be comforted.

They don’t understand emotions their own or others.

They may not stretch out their arms to be picked up or guided with walking.

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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Nobody knows what causes autism, or if it has a cause.

It can affect people in the same family. So it may sometimes be passed on to a child by their parents.

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Symptoms of Autism :

1. They don't respond to their name by their first birthday.

2. Playing, sharing, or talking with other people don’t interest them.

3. They prefer to be alone.

4. They avoid or reject physical contact, including hugging.

5. They avoid eye contact.

6. When they’re upset, they don’t like to be comforted.

7. They don’t understand emotions their own or others.

8. They may not stretch out their arms to be picked up or guided with walking.

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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A short animation about Autism and awareness

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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raghad naseem mohammad ali -20190020-6sci4

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Alexis’ Story
Alexis Wineman is the first woman with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to participate in the Miss America competition. Alexis was in middle school when officially diagnosed with PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified), but felt “different” from an early age. As she got older, she struggled with some of the challenges that come with having ASD, such as a speech impediment, communication difficulties, and being sensitive to loud sounds, and other sensory-related issues. Alexis also had to deal with bullying that occurred because of her differences. Fortunately, her family has always been a source of strength and inspiration for her. We interviewed Alexis, her mother Kimberley, her older brother Nicholas, and her older sister Danielle, and her twin Amanda to hear more about the unique role that siblings play in families living with ASD.
Alexis’ Perspective.
Prior to being diagnosed with autism, neither I nor my family had an explanation for my meltdowns and other issues. After the diagnosis, it was incredible how my siblings reacted. They were superheroes. They took me everywhere and pushed me into activities. They helped me with homework. It was just amazing how they sprang into action after years of not knowing what was going on.

My advice for other individuals with autism would be to have patience for your siblings just like they have patience for you. It’s good to try and figure out what’s going on from their perspective rather than focusing on yourself.

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Autistic people may act in a different way to other people

Autistic people may:

find it hard to communicate and interact with other people

find it hard to understand how other people think or feel

find things like bright lights or loud noises overwhelming, stressful or uncomfortable

get anxious or upset about unfamiliar situations and social events

take longer to understand information

do or think the same things over and over

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Suhaila Adel Muhammed- 6 sci 4 - 20190075

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Suhaila Adel Muhammed- 6 sci 4 - 20190075

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Autism Spectrum Disorder, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

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Poster Done by  Sarah Mohammed Akbar about Autism

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability  that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges. There is often nothing about how people with ASD look that sets them apart from other people, but people with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other people. The learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities of people with ASD can range from gifted to severely challenged. Some people with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need less.

A diagnosis of ASD now includes several conditions that used to be diagnosed separately: autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger syndrome. These conditions are now all called autism spectrum disorder.

People with ASD often have problems with social, emotional, and communication skills. They might repeat certain behaviors and might not want change in their daily activities. Many people with ASD also have different ways of learning, paying attention, or reacting to things. Signs of ASD begin during early childhood and typically last throughout a person’s life.

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Eye contact or failure to respond to care. The first stage of the first stage of the first stage of life. Signs usually appear at the age of two years.

Each child is likely to have certain conditions.

Some children with micro-hyper-reading, and some with micro-hyper-reading. The average intelligence of children with this disorder in dealing with social situations.

Some of the contents of the severity sting seem to be challenging, due to the unique combination of feeling and symptoms in each child. And by responding to this crisis, it can reach that capacity.

Below are some of the common signs seen in people with autism.

Communication and social interaction
Has problems with social interaction and communication skills, with signs:

The child does not respond when his name is called or appears to not hear you at times
refuses to be hugged and held, as he prefers to play alone; Someone withdraws into his own world
Poor eye contact, lack of facial expressions
Lack of speech or delay in speaking, or the child may lose the ability to say words and sentences
Start searching for the new episode of the first episode

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Autism is one of the diseases that children are exposed to at the beginning of their life, and the child shows many symptoms and this is due to some different reasons.

Children develop autism as a result of genetic disorders.
The birth of the baby with a lower weight than normal.
Exposure to viral infections.
A child may develop autism as a result of genetic factors that cause a genetic disorder such as fragile X syndrome and Rett syndrome.
The presence of complications during the mother's pregnancy that cause the child to have autism.
The presence of the genetic factor and a family member having autism before.
Muscular dystrophy, which is one of the genetic diseases that cause autism.

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Mentalla Hafez Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Mentalla Hafez Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. According to the Centers for Disease Control, autism affects an estimated 1 in 44 children in the United States today.

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Mentalla Hafez Saleh Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Mentalla Hafez Saleh Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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These might include:

Delayed language skills.

Delayed movement skills.

Delayed cognitive or learning skills.

Hyperactive, impulsive, and/or inattentive behavior.

Epilepsy or seizure disorder.

Unusual eating and sleeping habits.

Gastrointestinal issues (e.g., constipation)

Unusual mood or emotional reactions.

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Mentalla Hafez Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Mentalla Hafez Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Mentalla Hafez Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Mentalla Hafez Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Mentalla Hafez Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Mentalla Hafez Mohamed Hafez Saleh 6sci4

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Do You Have ADHD, Something Else, Or... Both?? (ft Comorbidities)

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition involving persistent challenges with social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior. While autism is considered a lifelong disorder, the degree of impairment in functioning because of these challenges varies between individuals with autism.

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Symptoms can include:
- intense focus on one item
- unresponsiveness
- lack of understanding social cues (like tone of voice or body language)
- repetitive movements
- self-abusive behavior like head-banging.

# The severity of the symptoms varies widely among affected individuals.

Other possible symptoms include:
- learning to speak relatively late.
- not playing interactively with other children.
- avoidance of eye contact
- lack of empathy.
- social withdrawal.

# Children with ASD who have not developed sufficient language skills may act out, including screaming or crying, to express their needs. It is important to note that people with ASD may vary widely in their level of functioning, and not all people with ASD will experience all of the symptoms listed.

Early symptoms and signs in babies may vary but can include:
- lack of eye contact or decreased eye contact
- being overly focused on one item
- lack of back-and-forth play.

# Very young children may show early symptoms like loss of interest in social contact and social withdrawal.

Other autism symptoms and signs:
- Intense Focus on One Topic
- Lack of Empathy
- Lack of Understanding Social Cues
- Learning Disability or Difficulty
- Not Engaging in Play With Peers
- Preoccupation With Specific Topics
- Problems With Two-Way Conversation
- Repeating Words or Phrases
- Repetitive Movements
- Self-Abusive Behaviors
- Sleep Disturbances
- Social Withdrawal
- Unusual Reactions in Social Settings
- Using Odd Words or Phrases

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud/ 6sci4/ 20190006

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud/ 6sci4/ 20190006

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Autism spectrum disorder has no single known cause. Given the complexity of the disorder, and the fact that symptoms and severity vary, there are probably many causes. Both genetics and environment may play a role.

# Genetics.
Several different genes appear to be involved in autism spectrum disorder. For some children, autism spectrum disorder can be associated with a genetic disorder, such as Rett syndrome or fragile X syndrome. For other children, genetic changes (mutations) may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Still other genes may affect brain development or the way that brain cells communicate, or they may determine the severity of symptoms. Some genetic mutations seem to be inherited, while others occur spontaneously.

# Environmental factors.
Researchers are currently exploring whether factors such as viral infections, medications or complications during pregnancy, or air pollutants play a role in triggering autism spectrum disorder.

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Stephen Wiltshire – Acclaimed Artist

Stephen Wiltshire was born in London in 1974 and quickly showed many of the typical symptoms of ASD—he was mute and appeared to live almost entirely in his own world, obsessing over esoteric subjects like American automobiles. He was diagnosed at age three, and remained unable to speak until he was eight.

But one thing he could do was draw. He began to sketch the buildings of London and the drawings were extraordinarily detailed—accurate down to the finest architectural detail, even after only a glance. He sold his first drawing at eight, and the Prime Minister commissioned him to draw Salisbury Cathedral.

By the time he was 32, Wiltshire’s skills had been recognized as a Member of the Order of the British Empire, and he was given a permanent gallery on the Royal Opera Arcade in London to exhibit his works.

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006

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Rahma Ashraf Abdelmawgoud / 6sci4 / 20190006