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A machine that performs different operations and calculations in binary form.

Follows a set of instructions provided by a program.

It is designed to execute applications.

Provides solutions by combining integrated hardware and software components.

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A mechanical gadget inside a wooden frame, consisting of dots and strings. It was constructed in Babylonia in the year 2400 B.C. It is used for numerical calculations in theory. It may be an exceptionally complicated gadget for everyone to use. It is still still used in a few parts of the world today, though!

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This was invented in 1614 by John Napier. The device allowed the client to increase, isolate, and measure roots in square of numbers by moving the poles around and putting them in specially constructed sheets.
The wooden poles have numbers engraved on it and each pole is moved in a way to calculate square roots of a number accordingly.

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This was crafted in 1622, by William Oughtred. Basically used for gain, division, roots, logarithms, except trigonometry.
Not used for expansion and for subtraction.

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Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. This device was used to calculate the roots of numbers, divisio, logarithms as well as trigonometry. Addition and subtraction were now possible with this device too.

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Electronic Numerical Calculator & Integrator (1946). This was the computer of common purpose electronic to begin with. Created by John Presper and John W. Mauchl Eckert. Designed to suit military needs. Used for estimating US Army ordnance termination tables. Thousands of vacuum tubes, which acted as relay switches, are the main invention and therefore, technology used back then.

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Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2016). Microcomputer [online] Encyclopædia Britannica Accessed on 17th February 2019. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/technology/microcomputer.

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2016). Analog computer [online] Encyclopædia Britannica Accessed on 17th February 2019. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/technology/analog-computer.

Steitz, B. (2006). Brief History Of Computer. [online] People.bu.edu. Available at: http://people.bu.edu/baws/brief%20computer%20history.html [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].

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many (2019). How many generations of computers are there, and what are they? [online] Computerhope.com. Available at: https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001921.htm.

TutsMaster. (2019). Advantages And Disadvantages of First Generation Computer. [online] Available at: https://tutsmaster.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-first-generation-computer-2/ [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].

Knowledge Place. (n.d.). Advantage and Disadvantage of Computer Generations. [online] Available at: http://knowledgeplace4all.blogspot.com/2017/02/advantage-and-disadvantage-of-computer.html [Accessed 17 Feb. 2020].

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1. Microcomputers

1. Also known as personal computers.

2. It is a microprocessor based computer.

3. Performs arithmetical and logical operations.

2. Minicomputers

1. Also known as midrange computers

2. Used by small business and firms.

3. Can support multi users at a time

3. Mainframe computers

1. Capable of handling and processing large amount of data quickly.

2. Used in large institutions like bank, governments etc.

3. They are measured in MIPS(Million instructions per second)

4. Supercomputers

1. Speed is measured in FLOPS.

2. Very expensive

3. Used in weather forecasting, Data analysis etc.

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1. Analog Computers

1. It is used to process continuous varying data.

2. Performs arithmetical  operation by measurable quantities

3. It can be used to measure electric current, resistance etc.

2. Digital Computers

1. Stores and process data in digital form.

2. Each data is stored in binary form.

3. Faster and more reliable than analog computers.

4. It has an Arithmetic Logic unit(ALU) that performs various operations.

3. Hybrid Computers

1. It has the feature of both analog and digital computers.

2. It's very fast, efficient and reliable.

3. Data is processed in form of electrical signals and stored by digital components.

4. Used in hospital to measure heartbeat of the patient.

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1. Special purposes computers

1. Designed for specific task and mostly to solve one specific problem.

2. Also known as dedicated computers

3. Eg:- Used for traffic light, Salik, Navigation etc.

2. General purposes computers

1. Most computers used today are general purposes computers

2. Can perform wide variety of operations.

3. Is capable of dealing with wide variety of problems at once

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Types of computers

Types of Computer

Based on Signal

Based on Purposes

Based on Capacity

Mini Computers

Micro Computers

Special Purposes Computers

General Purposes Computers

Analog Computers

Hybrid Computers

Digital Computers

Mainframe Computers

Super Computers

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Computers can be classified into three types

Based on Purposes.

Based on Signals .

Based on Capacity.

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Disadvantages of fifth generation computers 

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Disadvantages of fifth generation computers 

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They need very low-level languages.

They may make the human brains dull and doomed.

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Advantages of fifth generation  computers

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Advantages of fifth generation  computers

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It is stronger, and works faster.

It's accessible in many sizes and attractive apps.

It allows computers to more effectively communicate with mixed media applications

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Examples of the fifth generation  computers 

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Examples of the fifth generation  computers 

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Desktop

Laptop

NoteBook

UltraBook

Chromebook

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Computing for the fifth time is beginning to use AI (fake bits of knowledge), an innovative development with various potential applications around the world.

Hops were made in the advancement of AI and computers but there's still scope for some improvement.

One of the more well-known AI examples of computers is the IBM's Watson, which was used on the screen as a dangerous looking optimistic.

A few well-known examples include Apple's Siri on the iPhone, and Microsoft's Cortana on Windows 8 & 10.

Google sees engine also contracts AI to see when handling gadgets.

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Disadvantages of FOURTH GENERATION computer 

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Disadvantages of FOURTH GENERATION computer 

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The design and manufacture of the chips are extremely complex.

In many cases, air conditioning is necessary due to the proximity of ICs.

It takes advance imagination to create the ICs.

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Advantages of fourth generation computer 

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Advantages of fourth generation computer 

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Compared to the previous computer era, the fastest in computing and estimating gets decreased.

The generated heat is negligible.

Small in estimate compared with computers of the past era.

Less maintenance is required. In this kind of computers all kinds of high-level dialect can be used.

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Examples of fourth generation  computers 

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Examples of fourth generation  computers 

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IBM 4341

DEC 10

STAR 1000

PUP 11

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The fourth computer era used chip design, which is more commonly referred to as a CPU.

Chip made a comparison at the side arranges circuits in making it easy for computers to switch into a work range and execute the laptop.

The Altair 8800, IBM 5100 and Micral are many of the important machines for using a computer.

Today's computers still use a transistor, given the fact it's known that it's wrapped up fourth in 2010.

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Disadvantages of third generation computer 

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Disadvantages of third generation computer 

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The IC chips are difficult to maintain.

The extremely modern technologies required for IC chip manufacturing.

Air conditioning is required.

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Advantages of third generation  computers

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Advantages of third generation  computers

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Compared with second-generation machines, such systems were cheaper.

They were reliable and fast.

Having IC inside the machine gives the device little count.

IC does not, as it were, decrease the computer's calculation, but it also advances machine execution compared to previous computers.

This age of computers has huge capacity.

Mouse and screen are used for data, rather than punch cards.

They used a working framework to improve the management of assets and used the concept of time-sharing and numerous programming.

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PDP-8

PDP-11

ICL 2900

IBM 360

IBM 370

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Third-era computers allowed the use of IC (facilitates circuits) by computers.

Using ICs in computers has made a distinction between reducing the estimation of machines and making them faster than computers of the minute era.

Since the mid-to late 1960s, IC's have been used by around all computers.

Although different people discover the third period that went from 1964 to 1971, today's computers still use IC's.

In today's computers about 45 important beginnings date back to the third century, a long time later.

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 Examples of second generation  computer 

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 Examples of second generation  computer 

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Honeywell 400

IBM 7094

CDC 1604

CDC 3600

UNIVAC 1108

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Disadvantages of second generation computers 

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Disadvantages of second generation computers 

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A refrigeration system was required.

It required constant maintenance.

Used just for specific purposes.

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  Advantages second generation computer 

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  Advantages second generation computer 

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The estimate of the electron component diminished because of the existence of transistors rather than vacuum tubes.

This led to a decrease in a computer's size compared to starting with computers in the early period.

Less vitality, and not as moist as the initial generation.

Use for feedback were assembly dialect and punch cards. Low fetched than computers of the age to begin with.

Better speed, get information measured in microseconds.

Better trans portability compared to previous generation

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Disadvantages of first generation computer 

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Disadvantages of first generation computer 

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These were exceptionally enormous in measure, weight was approximately 30 tones.

These computers were based on vacuum tubes.

These computers were exceptionally costly.

It seem store as it were a little sum of data due to the nearness of attractive drums.

As the innovation of to begin with era computers includes vacuum tubes, so another impediment of these computers was, vacuum tubes require a huge cooling system.

Very less work efficiency.

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Advantages of first generation computer 

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Advantages of first generation computer 

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It made utilize of vacuum tubes which are the as it were electronic component accessible amid those days.

These computers might calculate in milliseconds.

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ENIAC

EDVAC

UNIVAC

IBM-701

IBM-650

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The primary machine era utilized vacuum tubes as a key piece of invention.

From 1940 until 1956 vacuum tubes were broadly utilized in computers.

Few computers within the First Century took up a complete building.

The ENIAC may be a terrific case of a machine that's almost to start with the era.

It included approximately 20,000 tubes of vacuum, 10,000 condensers and 70,000 resistors.

It weighed more than 30 tons and took up space bounty, permitting it to house an sweeping bed.