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I'm looking at sources on Stephenson, and his claims is that ritual is a way of knowing. And figure out what it means to say, ritual is a way of knowing? And if Stephenson's claim is valid. I’m interested in this topic because it challenges the idea that knowledge only comes from logic or texts.

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I will be doing a research on Jennifer Nagel. I will be looking for articles about her and her work. My research paper will cover her contributions, how her theories have advanced in her career, etc.

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I’m looking for one source that describes Emile Durkheim, his theories and how he came to the conclusion of his social function of ritual.

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The ritualization of war from Tom Driver

These are three sources I would use for my research paper

textbook chapter 2

Liberating Rites: Understanding The Transformative Power Of Ritual

Ritual, Media, and Conflict

One is made by driver the other one is Ronald L. Grimes

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I want to expand on internalism / first hand experiences from the knowledge module and embodiment from the ritual module. And how internalism and embodiment go hand in hand with mental health. And how they can be used for treatments as well. I want to find more info on internalism and embodiment and how it relates to mental health and treatments. So I'm thinking about 3-4 sources.

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I am most likely going to conduct research on Barry Stephenson and Jennifer Nagel. Once I do more research on both, I will choose accordingly with whichever is more personally intriguing and easily comprehendable. My essay will then cover their past, their theories, contributions, arguments, and any additional notes of importance relating to their scholarship in their respective field.

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I am looking for a source on Max Gluckman's life and a few sources on his theory on the rite of rebellion. I'm debating on finding a source to expand on how the rite of rebellion impacted ritual theory.

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Julian Huxley theory and analysis on human and animal evolution: Im hoping to use the Ritual textbook as a beginning for Huxley's theory and using other's scholarly articles that dive deeper into the way that humans have similar traits compared to animals when it comes to historical time periods/ within evolution.

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I will need to find sources for

1. Jennifer Nagel’s publishings

2. Citations of her work by outside sources and authors

3. Her accomplishments as a writer and her contributions to philosophy

4. Positions that she has held in the academic world

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I am looking for an indepth analysis of the externalist theory of knowledge/ alvin goldman's theory

I'm looking for information that is touched on in the book or that is overlooked that is important to the theory

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I'm looking for a book or article that goes more in depth of John Locke's theory of Empiricism

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What I will be looking for and researching for is the theory I want to explore and expand on if that be through books and or any websites that can help me.

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I will look for some ones writing about or the original John locke’s / Descartes writing on emircism / rationalism

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I am still deciding between writing about jennifer Nael or Barry Stephenson it depends who i can find more stuff about on the internet But I think im going to do Jennifer Nagel

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I am looking for a book by the theorist about the theory that I am exploring. Even possibly an essay expanding on all of the aspects of the theory that I chose. The good and the bad.

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I am looking for two books published by Oxford University, Peter Unger, Ignorance, and Barry Stroud, Significance of Philosophical Skepticism. In my essay, I plan to compare these two works to what Nagel wrote in her book about skepticism, in Knowledge, a very short introduction.

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I am still fully deciding whether I am choosing Solidarity by Emile Durkheim vs. Initiation/Rites of Passage. However I have definitely found more about Solidarity as opposed to the other. I have been looking for expansions on the theories, whether it be other theorists thoughts, or implementations that have made changes to the way they are thought about.

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I will be researching and expanding Victor Turner's Communitas.

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"Something else, perhaps a bit strange, is when I write, at a certain point I always get a feeling that the text has already been written, is out there somewhere, not inside me, and that I just need to write it down before the text disappears."

1. In this quote, Jon Fosse is describing that writing is a discovery and not a creation. Fosse believes that stories and writings already exist somewhere in our minds, and he challenges writers to find the creative ideas that pass through us and write them down instead of forgetting about them.

2. Fosse describes words and creative ideas as if they are existing, living things. He uses this metaphor to create an image and an understanding of what he might be describing for the reader.

3. Fosse delights the reader because he explains how writing and art already exist in us and he reduces the pressure to invent and worry. He frees the writer while he portrays writing as an act of listening or discovering.

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Alejandro Rodriguez- Annie Ernaux delightful moment

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Alejandro Rodriguez- Annie Ernaux delightful moment

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" Writing is a way of making something exist that might otherwise be lost forever. I write to capture the lived experience, to save it from the erasure of time." This talks about how writing helps keep memories and experiences alive. She uses metaphor to compare writing to an act of saving something from being lost. Ernaux writes to keep the real memories from being forgotten.

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‘’After the failure of the Government of Iraq and the Government of Kurdistan to protect us, the international community also failed to save us from ISIS and to prevent the occurrence of the genocide against us, and stood idly by watching the annihilation of a complete community. Our homes, our families, our traditions, our people, our dreams were all destroyed.’’

1. This quote displays delight because she is going against what a regular thank you speech should sound like

2. She said something surprising the audience wasn’t expecting

3. This moment was included because Nadia wanted everyone to know who really helped and who didn’t

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"Having ourselves survived the inhumane impacts of the atomic bombings, damage unprecedented in history, we launched this movement to ensure such suffering would never be repeated..."

1. This moment shows the resilience of the Hibakusha and how they turned suffering into a meaningful movement.

2. This delightful moment uses the rhetorical device contrast to show the transformation of being impacted by the bombs to bringing a peace movement.

3. This shows to anyone that no matter what if you're at your lowest suffering you can make an impact still and find your strength.

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“Peace is generally good in itself, but is never the highest goof unless it comes as the handmaid of righteousness”

Theodore is saying peace is valuable but only when its connected to justice and moral integrity

He’s using a metaphor to show that peace should serve justice and not replace it

He wanted his audience to understand that peace that’s achieved by ignoring wrong doing or injustice is not good.

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"The elements of stability and continuous resistance and struggle in the composition

and fabric of the history, culture, and beliefs of the Iranian people have been

powerful and influential."

This is a delightful moment that uses the rhetorical technique amplification to add layers and emotion to the notion of the power and influence of Iranian people.

Narges Mohammadi uses this delightful moment to celebrate resilience through shared strength for the women in Iran.

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Brandon Pacheco (Delightful Moment)- Nadia Murad 2018

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Brandon Pacheco (Delightful Moment)- Nadia Murad 2018

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"Let us raise our voices together and say: No to violence, yes to peace, no to slavery, yes to freedom, no to racial discrimination, yes to equality and to human rights for all." This quote is delightful because of the way it is phrased when talking about crucial issues that are happening around the world. The phrasing helps make it easier to recall as the back-and-forth pattern between the no and yes sticks like a chant. The form of this delightful moment is the use of rhetorical devices of repetition and parallelism. This moment is included to help end the lecture in a moving manner and help persuade the audience to join together and stand for what's right. This quote has a chant-like rhythm that can be remembered and repeated after the speech helping Nadia deliver her message.

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"Do not be afraid!” These were

the words that Pope John Paul II said in the 1980s when he came to communist

Poland. He didn't say anything else then, but it was enough. I believe because I know that spring always comes after winter.

This a delightful moment shown through figurative language using a metaphor and symbolism. Winter symbolizes dark times such as suffering, imprisonment and oppression. Spring symbolizes light, freedom and new beginning. This is a delightful moment of hope, courage and faith. regardless of the pain and struggle in Belarus and Ales's imprisonment, he believes that freedom and justice will eventually return. Just as Spring always follows Winter.

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"As curtains are raised and as the sun shines upon dark places, what was previously invisible comes into view."

This quote is saying that truth and justice are starting to be revealed after years of injustice being hidden. She uses imagery and metaphor to tell us that we can see the "light" revealing the truth about women's injustice and how they feel powerless. She says this because she hopes to show us hope and progress.

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“The Treaty of Tlatelolco has shown the crucial importance of ad hoc preparatory efforts, such as those carried out for two years by COPREDAL, in attaining the desired goal.”

There is not true moment in the speech where he focuses on something he specifically did, or on an experience in his life. The quote represents the feeling of delight or accomplishment him and other surrounding him felt when the treaty solved a problem several feared.

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“ I believe that peace is an affair of the heart. Peace is a labor of love. Sustaining peace is hard work. Yet, we must cherish and nurture it. It takes a few to make war, but it takes a village and a nation to build peace.”

This is delightful as he uses repetition of the word peace as well to show how much work it takes to build peace. It also helps the audience in a unique way to compare War vs Peace.

He uses figure language with metaphor as well as repetition and challenges the audience to think of peace and war in a different way.

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"I appear as one girl, one person, who is 5 foot 2 inches tall, if you include my high heels. (It means I am 5 foot only) I am not a lone voice, I am not a lone voice, I am many."

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I have lived like an animal in the street, but I am going to die like an angel, loved and cared for. And it was

so wonderful to see the greatness of that man who could speak like that, who could die like that without blaming

anybody, without cursing anybody, without comparing anything.

2. its delightful in the way she compares the way she was living on the street to they way an animal would do so, she also talking a little bit about the sacrifice of jesus and how he did so without any complaints or blaming anyone else.

3. The form is both figurative language and there is a vivid story told

4. It is delightful because she gives notice to they struggle she went trough living on the street and then also brought to light how jesus went through a situation similar when he was hungry, naked, unwanted and homeless

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“For me, hope without memory is like memory without hope.“

This is a delightful moment that uses the rhetorical figure of chiasmus which is where the structure of the word is reversed in the second part. This delight moment was put in this lecture to show that Elsie believes memory is the beginning of hope and how it interlinked they together.

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1. "Continued resistance and non-violence are the best strategies. This is the difficult path that Iranians have always taken, relying on their historical awareness and

collective will. The Iranian people will dismantle obstruction and despotism

through their persistence. Have no doubt – this is certain."

2. This is an instructive moment because she is informing the audience about a solution she believes is possible to overcome all the oppression and inequality/sexism in Iran

3. She is using solution to show that there are ways to obtain equality with out violence

4. She tells us violence is not needed to reach a future with equality for all in Iran and she recognizes that this may be a difficult path, but it is certainly possible

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1. "Please try to imagine — there are 4,000 nuclear warheads, ready to be launched immediately. This means that damage hundreds or thousands of times greater than that which happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki could happen right away. Any one of you could become either a victim or a perpetrator, at any time. I therefore plead for everyone around the world to discuss together what we must do to eliminate nuclear weapons, and demand action from governments to achieve this goal."

2. He uses this to show the reality of nuclear threats and to act to abolish nuclear weapons.

3. The form of instruction is like an emotional appeal with vivid imagery.

4. It's included to bring a call to universal peace by using the speakers experience and testimony.

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1. "Not only is Ales in prison but there are also thousands of Belarusians, tens of

thousands of repressed, unjustly imprisoned for their civic action and beliefs across

the country. Hundreds of thousands have been forced to flee the country for the mere

reason that they wanted to live in a democratic state."

2/3. uncommon but specific knowledge and insight into the state of Oppression Belurus. This gives us a glimpse into what it's like to be in the regime for Belorussians and others who might be facing this type of oppression.

4. He included this uncommon but specific experience, because it describes what is going on in Belarus and the oppression and how there isn't much freedom of speech. And how many are unjustly imprisoned and for trying to speak up against the regime. It really describes what the people who live in Belarus have to deal with whether it for their beliefs or about the truth. Many have to flee their home country they live in because of this unjust and oppression and terrible regimes. when all the people of Belarus want to live in a democratic state, and not be imprisoned or treated in ways that no human should ever treated or experience.

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Jimmy Carter’s lecture contains a very detailed instructive moment when he describes, “my first chosen career was in the military, as a submarine officer. My shipmates and I realized that we had to be ready to fight if combat was forced upon us, and we were prepared to give our lives to defend our nation and its principles. . . Later, as President and as Commander-in-Chief of our armed forces, I was one of those who bore the sobering responsibility of maintaining global stability during the height of the Cold War, as the world’s two superpowers confronted each other.” It explains his personal experiences first being a submarine officer, then as a president later during the Cold War. He faced a constant nuclear threat within the Cold War, which later shaped his presidency revolving around the importance of military strength. The form of instruction being used is the speakers unique experience. This quote is mentioned in his speech because by sharing his personal experiences it draws the reader in and gives him credibility.

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”Today, I stand here in front of you talking about peace because of fate. I crawled my way to peace through the dusty trenches of war years ago. I was a young soldier when war broke out between Ethiopia and Eritrea. I witnessed firsthand the ugliness of war in frontline battles. There are those who never seen war but glorify and romanticize it… I have seen brothers slaughterining brothers on the battlefield. I have seen older men, women, and children trembling in terror under the deadly shower of bullets and artillery shells.”

It instructs because it shows the speakers own experience of the conflict the speaker has been working on to solve. Shows what he was fighting for.

The form of instruction used by Ali is his own unique experience.

This instructive moment is included because it helps the reader connect themselves more about the conflict and for the reader to picture the horrible stuff of war in their minds.

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"I have no enemies and no hatred." Liu Xiaobo uses this quote to motivate others to follow in his path and respond to injustice with love and peace instead of matching with hatred.

He uses personal experiences, and appealing to morals.

It reinforces his main message that change must come through peace and protest, rather than violence and anger.

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"help to shatter the loneliness of experiences endured and repressed, and enable beings to

reimagine themselves. When the unspeakable is brought to light, it is political." This quotes instructs the theme of human rights and dignity. This quote is identifying the root causes of the issue. This helps other change the way they are around people who just want to speak up and learn to not judge.

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"If we do not want to repeat cases of 🤬 and captivity against women, we must hold to account those who have used sexual violence as a weapon to commit crimes against women and girls." This quote instructs by describing a continuous issue that is happening around the world and that holding the criminals accountable is the only way to put the issue to a stop. The form of this instructive moment is a proposal for resolution as she says that if they want to prevent the issue from repeating, they need to hold the criminals accountable. This moment is included to give the audience insight and to call towards them to help them realize what can be done to solve the issue.

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"Most work of The Carter Center is in remote villages in the poorest nations of Africa, and there I have witnessed the capacity of destitute people to persevere under heartbreaking conditions." this instructs A specific perspective into what's going on in the world especially. A personal experience with his Carter Foundation. this is included to show how connect he is with what he is trying to do with his plan to bring peace.

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"The terrorists tried to stop us and attacked me and my friends who are here today, on ur school bus in 2012, but neither their ideas nor their bullets could win". The instructs is speaker's unique experience. The speakers describe how on her way to school on a school bus she got stop by the terrorists because it was girls going to school and she got shot in her ear just for going to school as a girl. This instructive moment includes that how that she didnt stop her from going to school and how she uses her voice to stand up for her rights to go to school and she continues using her voice how girls should go to school no matter what.

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“That nuclear weapons, whose terrible effects are suffered, indiscriminately and inexorably, by military forces and civilian population alike, constitute, through the persistence of the radioactivity they release, an attack on the integrity of the human species and ultimately may even render the whole earth uninhabitable”.

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“That nuclear weapons, whose terrible effects are suffered, indiscriminately and inexorably, by military forces and civilian population alike, constitute, through the persistence of the radioactivity they release, an attack on the integrity of the human species and ultimately may even render the whole earth uninhabitable”.

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Alfonso explains the problem being faced around the world that makes it uninhabitable. He helped with the Treaty of Tlatelolco for prohibition of nuclear weapons for Latin America. Which was proposed by the Mexican President and promoted by Mexican Diplomats like Alfonso. He identifies the root of the problem to help demonstrate the importance of the signing of the treaty. To create more awareness to get more results for a inhabitable world.

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“When I was at junior high school, it happened without warning. The teacher asked me to read aloud. And out of nowhere, I was overcome by a sudden fear that overpowered me. It was like I disappeared into the fear and it was all I was. I stood up and ran out of the class room. What did I learn? In a way it was as if the fear took my language from me, and that I had to take it back, so to speak. And if I were to do that, it couldn’t be on other people’s terms, but on my own.”

This quote instructs an experience Jon Fosse had as a young boy that started his passion and interest in writing. He explains that this taught him that fear hid something from him and he wanted to conquer that fear and do the thing that he was so fearful of when he was young.

This is an example of a speaker’s unique experience. He provides a story of something that happened to him when he was young and illustrates it clearly for the audience.

Jon Fosse included this experience because it explains how he became passionate for the main focus of his lecture, writing and expressiveness.

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“I speak of a girl in Afghanistan, but I might equally well have mentioned a baby boy or girl in Sierra Leone. No one today is unaware of this divide between the world’s rich and poor. No one today can claim ignorance of the cost that this divide imposes on the poor and dispossessed who are no less deserving of human dignity, fundamental freedoms, security, food and education than any of us.”

What - He is instructing us that the world is unaware of the divide between the rich and poor.

Why - Because once the world sees that and is able to understand it we are able to make a change and help others

How -

“A genocide begins with the killing of one man – not for what he has done, but because of who he is.”

What - This is a visual, that leaves the listener/ reader thinking, “who was the first”, or , “would anymore have died if the first man had not"

“And on the same day, the Prize for 1960 was awarded for the first time to an African – Albert Luthuli, one of the earliest leaders of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa.”

What - I think this is a statistic in disguise, or a or specific, uncommon piece of knowledge,

Why - To give this specific award more meaning to the audience, hes speaking of freedom

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1."And so here I am talking with you – I want you to find the poor here, right in your own home first. And begin love

there. Be that good news to your own people. And find out about your next-door neighbour – do you know who they

are? I had the most extraordinary experience with a Hindu family who had eight children. A gentleman came to our

house and said: Mother Teresa, there is a family with eight children, they had not eaten for so long – do something. So I

took some rice and I went there immediately. And I saw the children – their eyes shinning with hunger – I don’t know

if you have ever seen hunger. But I have seen it very often. And she took the rice, she divided the rice, and she went out.

When she came back I asked her – where did you go, what did you do? "

2.it instructs us to search for those who need help and learn about them like get to know them and just be a sort of beacon of hope.

3.it is a form a moral instruction it tells you to have morality for those around you.

4.This is included to give a push to having people help other and seek out those who are in need of help

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1. “It is our duty to remember that the great end of life is not comfort, but righteousness; not peace at any price, but peace founded on justice”

2. He is teaching a moral principle. He is telling us that peace isn’t truly valuable unless it is grounded in fairness and moral integrity

3. Moral instruction

4. To tell us that peace without justice is meaningless and moral strength has to guide action

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Ellen Johnson Sirleaf instructs the people of Liberia to, "So I urge my sisters, and my brothers, not to be afraid. Be not afraid to denounce injustice, though you may be outnumbered. Be not afraid to seek peace, even if your voice may be small. Be not afraid to demand peace." She is instructing people to use their voices and not be scared to speak up during difficult times. The form of instruction is a plan for resolution. This instructive moment is included because it tells people how they can help achieve peace in their country.

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"As a young girl, I dreamed of finishing high school. It was my dream to have a beauty parlour in our village and to live near my family in Sinjar. But this dream became a nightmare. Unexpected things happened. Genocide took place. As a consequence, I lost my mother, six of my brothers and my brothers' children. Every Yazidi family has a similar story, one more horrible than the other because of this genocide."

-It instructs how her life was impacted through a horrible personal experience

-it's a unique experience in her life

-she tells us this to give some background on her life and she makes herself more credible because she has personally lived through it not a handed down story

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“And yet it is surely human to forget, even to want to forget. The Ancients saw it as a divine gift. Indeed if memory helps us to survive, forgetting allows us to go on living. How could we go on with our daily lives, if we remained constantly aware of the dangers and ghosts surrounding us? The Talmud tells us that without the ability to forget, man would soon cease to learn. Without the ability to forget, man would live in a permanent, paralyzing fear of death. Only God and God alone can and must remember everything.”

In this quote instructs moral instruction by mentioning the Talmud saying that it is okay to forget in order to learn. This was included to emphasize the importance of memory and that forgetting is part of memory. He talked about holy texts before this text, so he added this to add on that wise people remember the most important but still make mistakes. For anyone to be able to forget is what makes everyone equal and the same spelling insight for those that might think it is wrong to forget major tragedy events or a minor detail. This also shows his vast knowledge of many holy texts included with the quote before this to make an example of his lecture of memory and hope.

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1. "It was August 9, 1945. I suddenly heard the buzzing sound of a bomber jet, and was soon after engulfed in a bright, white light. Surprised, I ran downstairs and got down on the floor, covering my eyes and ears with my hands. The next moment, an intense shock wave passed through our entire house. I have no memory of that moment, but when I came to my senses, I found myself under a large, glass sliding door. It was a miracle that none of the glass was broken, and I was somehow spared injuries."

2. He uses vivid imagery to show how immediate it was and the loss he endured. Also what he was feeling and how he acted in this experience.

3. The type of instruction it is representing is Speakers Unique experience.

4. He included his personal experience of the bombing because he felt that with his own personal testament, he could influence a lot of the audience and future generations so a lot more people will push for the abolishment of nuclear weapons

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1. Quote an instructive moment from your lecture.

2. Explain what it instructs.

3. Describe the form of instruction.

4. Why is this instructive moment included?

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Liu Xiaobo – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org

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Nihon Hidankyo – Nobel Prize lecture - NobelPrize.org

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Mother Teresa – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org

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Abiy Ahmed Ali  PDF– Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org copy

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Theodore Roosevelt – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org

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Malala Yousafzai – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org

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Nadia Murad – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org

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Ellen Johnson Sirleaf – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org

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Alfonso García Robles – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org

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Elie Wiesel – Nobel Lecture - NobelPrize.org