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Heavy taxed burdened the people. The Romans were brutal rulers who had no respect for the Jewish religion and culture.

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Some Romans tried forcing the Jews to worship the Roman Emperor. The Roman rulers appointed high priests. They eventually called on their people to rebel against the Romans.

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The rest of the Jews did go to their home in Jerusalem. They rebuilt Solomon's Temple, becoming known as the Second Temple. The Jews stayed under Persian rule until the Persians were conquered by invaders in the 330s BC.

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The Persians conquered the Chaldeans and let the Jews return to Jerusalem in the 530s BC. Many did not take this opportunity to return home, choosing to move to other parts of the Persain Empire.

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After King Solomon's death in 930 BC, rebels fought over who should become king, creating a conflict that split Israel into two kingdoms, Israel and Judah.
The two new kings lasted for a few centuries. However, both were conquered by the Assyrians defeated Israel in around 722 BC. Judah lasted longer but was conquered by the Chaldeans.

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In 586 BC the Chaldeans captured Jerusalem and destroyed Solomon's Temple. Turned Jews into slaves for their capital, Babylon. This lasted about 50 years

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A Jewish family called the Maccabees led a rebellion in the 160s BC. For around 100 years, the Jews ruled their own kingdom. However in 63 BC the Jews were conquered again by the Romans.

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King Solomon used the riches he got from trading with his allies to construct the Temple to God in the capital, Jerusalem. The great temple became a symbol of the Israelites' faith and the center of their religious life.

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He was King David's son, and he took over the throne in approx. 965 BC. He was a strong king like King David, and he expanded the kingdom, making allies as he went. These allies included Egypt and Phonecia. He traded with them, gaining riches.

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David was a shepherd when he was younger, but there were many tales of how he killed the Philistine soldier Goliath, which made the king notice him. David was admired for his poetry and military skills. David had gained much support from locals in the desert, and when Saul died, David used this support to ascend to the role of king. He was a much more popular king than Saul, and he established the capital of Jerusalem.

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King Saul (became king in the mid-1000s BC)

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King Saul (became king in the mid-1000s BC)

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He was the first king of Israel, and led the Israelites in battle against the Philistines. Saul was a good military commander, but not a strong king, and he never got the full support of tribal and religious leaders, who often disagreed about his decisions.

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The Israelites were threatened by the Philistines from the Mediterranean coast. They invaded the Israelites' land in the mid-1000s BC. There was one ruler who rose to the top, and he led them in battle; Saul.

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Once the Israelites reached Canaan, they had to fight the people living there before they could settle. After this, they constructed their own society. The 12 tribes each chose judges as their leaders. Later, a new threat called for a different kind of leadership.

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The Israelites tried to reach Canaan after their release. On their way, they stopped at a mountain called Sinai. The Hebrew Bible says that God gave Moses a pair of stone inscribed with a moral code. These are called the Ten Commandments. The Israelites agreed to worship only God by accepting the Commandments.

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Started by a man named Abraham, who led the Israelites to The Promised Land, or Canaan.

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Then the Israelites moved to Egypt because of famine in Canaan and were made slaves.

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The Exodus was an event that was led by Moses to lead the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and back to Canaan.

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Judaism is supported by the Hebrew Bible, which is most of the Old Testament from the Christian Bible.

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The early Hebrews appeared in Southwest Asia sometime between 2000 and 1500 B.C.E.

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Started the religion of Judaism. It is a montheistic religion.

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Henry (purple): pages 212-213

Isabella (blue): pages 214 - 215

Erin (yellow) : pages 216 - 217

Mikale: pictures