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- How does a company determine the types of environmental health and safety training that are required for their employees?

- How does a company determine the types of personal protective (PPE) equipment that are required for a particular work environment or task?

- Who is liable for any accidents/injuries due to employee fatigue, the employee or the company?

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-How does an employer(company)  know when an employee fakes a workplace related accident and how do they proceed?

-Do companies ever fire an employee after they get better from a workplace accident or illness?

-What steps do companies take to make sure they have a safe workplace?

-How do companies make sure their employees are safe from accidents and illnesses?

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-Slips, Trips, and Falls:
Improper footwear and/or slick floors and high traffic corridors can cause a trip or fall leading to injury. Ensuring walkways are clear from debris, wires, or any other obstacles and making sure hazardous paths are identified accordingly can avoid slips, trips, and falls in the workplace.

-Fatigue

-Stress:
Stress can cause emotional, physical, and behavioral problems which can affect your health, energy, and alertness. Being stressed at work can easily lead to workplace accidents.

-Hazardous Materials:
Improper handling of hazardous materials or not wearing the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) can cause accidents in the workplace and potentially health problems depending on the type of hazardous material. Reading material safety data sheets and wearing the appropriate PPE can help avoid workplace related accidents and illnesses.

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-Different Lighting in Office Setting: Some work areas can have poor lighting which can hinder what employees can see and do (warehouse workers, etc.)

-Violence Between Coworkers: Coworkers can become hostile to each other when they are working together (office politics) which can lead to bad things (fights and other acts of violence).

-Distractions: Anything not pertaining to work can be a distraction which can lead to anything. This can either be mental or physical distractions. Being distracted is very similar to being stress/fatigued. Employees won't be able to work to the best of their abilities which can cause any accident or illness.

-Stress/Fatigue: Stress and Fatigue are both leading causes to workplace related accidents and illnesses. Being stressed out or fatigues affect the employees ability to work and cause a lot of accidents or lead to illnesses that can come about.

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-Lifting: Regarding lifting, we have to consider that many jobs will require you to have to bend over and pick up heavy objects.  Most corporations require an annual training class that helps refresh these ideas on the correct way to lift heavy items.  Back injuries occur at a rapid pace, especially in jobs that work in an industrial setting.

-Noise hazards: Noise hazards can be persistent at many different types of jobs across America.  For example, within aviation, if you work in an area that has a decibel of 85 or greater for eight hours, you are required to wear hearing protection.  Within my corporation, hazardous noise training is a yearly requirement, and I also have to do an annual audiogram.

-Transportation accident: Many corporations like Amazon or FedEx are on the roads every day, delivering items to people every day.  With constant travel on the highways, these individuals need to have training in regards to transportation accidents.  In many cases making employees aware of the potential risk helps prepare them for the daily jobs.

-Struck by object or equipment: In aviation maintenance with corporations like Lockheed Martin, we have annual requirements on accidents that can occur in your work environment.  Furthermore, on an assembly line, people are moving continuously, so there is a potential to be struck by a moving component.  So in many cases, you will be required to wear safety equipment such as a hard hat.

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-Mental Distractions: even when employees try to leave all personal matters at the door, distractions can occur when the employees have their minds elsewhere.

-Overconfidence: there is nothing wrong with being confident, but overconfidence can diminish carefulness and attention, and unfortunately, accidents can happen to anyone, no matter how experienced one is.

-Poor Housekeeping: a messy workplace can be dangerous. Objects and debris on the floor pose tripping hazards, wet o dirty floors may cause slips, and cluttered surfaces can conceal objects, increasing the risk of accidents.

-Overexertion: working beyond one's physical capabilities (i.e. lifting, pulling, pushing) can cause an injury to an employee.

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-How long does long term disability last if a person is out of work due to a work-related incident.

-What can be considered a short term disability, and how long does it take to apply for this benefit.

-What compensation exists if a member of a workforce has a noticeable hearing loss during their audiogram.

-Is every corporation required to train their employees regarding self-aid buddy care, CPR, and the use of an AED?

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-What happens if the employee is terminated or laid off after being injured on the job?

-What are common safety hazards in a facility?

- Are employers required to provide a safe workplace?

-Is there a chance that employers will retaliate against an employee for getting injured at work?

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- Overconfidence: Employees should be confident about what they’re doing, but overconfidence may diminish carefulness or attention. Overconfident employees are likely to ignore safety precautions and forego double checking their work. It’s important for them to understand that accidents can occur any time to anyone, no matter how skilled or experienced.

- Lifting: It’s so easy to injure yourself while lifting heavy objects. Eliminate back injuries and muscle strains by ensuring that everyone practices safe lifting procedures. It’s always best to recruit a helping hand or to use machinery to move large objects.

- Shortcuts: Employees should never take shortcuts on the job, especially when dealing with dangerous machinery or circumventing safety procedures. The regulations are in place to protect employees and to make sure everything is done correctly.

- Mental Distractions: It’s easier said than done, but employees must try to leave personal matters at the door. Being distracted on the job is similar to being fatigued, stressed, or overconfident. Workers simply cannot perform their jobs to their full potential if their mind is elsewhere.

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- I would like to know more about ergonomics because injuries can occur from things that include sitting too long in ergonomically incorrect positions. According to OSHA, millions of people in the workforce do a lot of sitting and computer work, so there is a lot of potential for ergonomic injuries, including back problems, headaches, neck tension and eye strain. Ergonomics, according to the American Occupational Therapy Association, are the study and science of understanding how particular jobs, or job-related functions, impact the human body.

- Hundreds of people die each year from workplace violence. Employees in conflict with one another tend to be especially unsafe when working together. What are the OSHA guidelines for violence prevention that are implemented if someone needs help resolving their issues in their workplace?

- Physical and mental stress are less commonly recognized workplace hazards, but they can cause serious or even fatal accidents. Employees must be in the right mindset and physically sound for the job. I would like to know more about what proper protocols a company can put into place to help ensure employees manage stress better before they get to work or while they’re at work.

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- Distractions
Not paying close attention to what is currently happening around you. Have a conversation with someone when a task is currently occurring. Causing possible damage to equipment or personnel in the process.
-Qualified
Your not qualified to be using the current gear for the job which depending on the gear can be fatal. Also damage to yourself others and sometimes the equipment being used or being used on due to not knowing how to use it correctly.
-Slips/Falls
Making sure your work area is clean around you. Also being observation on your surroundings usually the floor for any objects or substances that could cause you to slip fall or hurt yourself. Especially if your working at high heights.

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Why do some companies not

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Office Safety: Repetitive movements such as typing can cause physical ailments such as carpal tunnel and back-pain. It's important to have an ergonomic professional evaluate your workstation.

Factory Safety: It's important to protection many aspects of your body such as: Hearing protection, closed toed shoes, bump caps, safety glasses and high visibility wear. All of these items will protect your head, ears and feet. You should also make sure you stay in any designated walking areas and not walk in to hazardous.

Know your bodies limits: Adhere to lifting limitations such a 35 lbs. When you do lift, make sure you are following safety protocols as to not strain your back.

Visitor Safety: Guidelines should be posted and relayed to visitors prior to being on-site.

Avoid distractions: Hands free devices should be used at all times. When walking across parking lots, factories or other hazardous areas you should be distraction free. This means no cell phone or other electronic devices and must pay 100% attention to where you're walking with your head up.

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What do companies track with regards to safety. Does it need to be a recordable incident or do they track near misses.

What kind of incentives are in place to encourage safety. What repercussions will employees face for not following safety protocols.

If you have a safety issue or suggestion, whose attention do you bring it to?

How can we best ensure we follow safety protocols?

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What causes workplace related accidents and illnesses. many things can cause accidents and illnesses. For example, i know of people who have developed migraines from working full time jobs working on a computer. any jobs that requires physical activity can lead to an injury. lifting with your back not using proper PPE. now days not wearing a mask. not being aware of your surroundings can get you injured.

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I would like to know if companies are fined or if there is a penalty in place for x amount of injuries. Do companies give you compensation for work related injuries. If we were to unfortunately test positive for covid that we aquired while working will the company pay our salary while we quarantine or recover.

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-How long does long term disability last if a person is out of work due to a work-related incident.

I decided to investigate my companies policies to see if I could learn a bit more about long-term disability.  For one thing, at Lockheed Martin, I found it was something that you have to pay in to, but if you choose this elective, LM will pay their employees monthly benefits once you have been out of work for over 180 days due to an illness or injury.

-What can be considered a short term disability, and how long does it take to apply for this benefit.

A short-term disability is a coverage that helps out when you can not work due to a sickness or injury.  For example, in today's time, someone coming down with COVID could be a short term disability if you are hospitalized and unable to work.  Furthermore, I learned with my company of LM; you are automatically covered for short-term disability.

-What compensation exists if a member of a workforce has a noticeable hearing loss during their audiogram.

I have learned that compensation loss for a person hearing who has worked in an industrial setting can claim this disability and seek compensation. However, I have learned that some companies do not provide direct compensation for hearing loss, but a vast majority of industrial workers end up having to seek legal representation.

-Is every corporation required to train their employees regarding self-aid buddy care, CPR, and the use of an AED?

I have learned that most companies do not provide this training as an annual requirement but offer classes for those seeking training.  Companies like LM offer a course at the request of the worker and availability of training facilities.  However, more industrial workforces are given this training, and in many cases, it can save lives.

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- How does a company determine the types of environmental health and safety training that are required for their employees? 

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- How does a company determine the types of environmental health and safety training that are required for their employees? 

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Companies establish environmental health and safety programs to prevent incidents such as injuries, illnesses, and harmful environmental releases. The EHS department looks over the development and implementation of all the health and safety programs in the company and are responsible for all employees’ safety at work and the use of proper safeguards.

- How does a company determine the types of personal protective (PPE) equipment that are required for a particular work environment or task?

PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples of PPE include gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing devices, hard hats, respirators and full body suits. Safety Data Sheets contain concise and specific information about hazardous substances and are an excellent starting point for determining the correct PPE. A hazard analysis can also be performed to determine if PPE is necessary. Many businesses ensure safety is a priority by using several layers of safety checks when choosing PPE, including risk assessment protocols, internal safety committees, safety advocacy groups, and other specialists. All of these safety checks come in to play well before anyone on site dons a piece of personal protective equipment.

- Who is liable for any accidents/injuries due to employee fatigue, the employee or the company?

Worker fatigue is a serious issue that can increase the risk of illness and injuries. If the employer was negligent in some way that caused the fatigue, such as pressuring an employee take on extra shifts, they are liable for any accidents or injuries that occur.

References

-Protective Personal Equipment. World Health Organization.https://www.who.int/medical_devices/meddev_ppe/en/.

-Risk Management Magazine. (2019, February 21). New Fatigue Reports Awaken Employers to Injury Risks. Retrieved from https://www.natlawreview.com/article/new-fatigue-reports-awaken-employers-to-injury-risksWeakley, L. (n.d.).

-The Importance of Health and Safety in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://workplacediversity.com/articles/The-Importance-of-Health-and-Safety-in-the-Workplace

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-What are some of the most common safety incidents that occur in the workplace?

- How Does an Injury and Illness Prevention Program Work?

- With injuries and accidents what are the usual costs that are associated with injuries within the workplace?

-Are certain businesses or larger compared to small more willing to provide safety benefits and injury coverage to their employees?

-Is there any laws or rules about a employer being able to fire an employee after being injuries if they don't return to work within a certain time frame?

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I found out some of the most common accidents in a work place can be: Fatigue by being over worked, Lifting heavy objects, Dehydration due to heat or the climate you work within, slips and falls and sometimes even violence in the workplace.
- I found out that a prevention program consists of finding the hazards within your business and than trying to implement safety and prevention measures to make sure all your bases are covered. Also training your employees so they know how to handle safety and hazard situations if they were to occur.
- What usually are the costs to the company?
It can cost hundreds if not more to the employers. This doesn't include work loss and a possible slow down at work due to not have enough workers to get the job done faster.
- Employers can't legally fire an employee for filing for work compensation. Because you need to be treated fairly and provided benefits when your are injured. If you are denied compensation is when you need to get legal action involved.

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-Employer's and companies can never know when an employee fakes a workplace related accident claim. Employees can fake an injury that never happened or they can exaggerate the injury that happened. A few things I found from research is that employer's and companies should thoroughly look into the claim (not pass it off), question all who were involved and look at the CCTV footage. Camera footage is a must in a company and can be able to find out if the employee actually did injure themselves or did they fake it.

-Companies can not fire an employee while he is injured and is receiving workers compensation unless they want a lot of civil lawsuits against them. Companies can fire an employee who get better or have certain restrictions while working, usually they do not. Companies will lower the employees wages and benefits instead of laying off the hurt employee.

-Companies should do a lot of training year round (instead of a one and done training) and emphasize how important those trainings are. Companies can sometimes even reward employees for safe behavior (more wages and benefits). Every company must be clean and should implement safety protocols right from the beginning. The last thing all companies must do is to eliminate any hazards that can come about. That would be one less problem to deal with in the future.

-Companies can make sure their employees are safe from accidents and illnesses by eliminating any potential hazards that can be present. Companies can make sure their employees are well training and know all the safety protocols. Employers can watch their employees work to make sure their employees are being safe and not fooling around.

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-If the employee is laid-off or terminated after returning to work following the work injury, there is a chance that the employers put themselves in a worse position because the employee would be able to file for wage loss benefits, especially if the employee has a light-duty assignment and gets fired for poor work performance, unless the worker is terminated because of disciplinary issues (this will vary depending on state laws).

-Depending on the environment, the employee will encounter different hazards, the most common are:

Powered industrial trucks and forklifts in a facility: manufacturing and warehousing facilities are common to have them and can cause injuries to operators and especially pedestrians.

Slips, trips, and falls: this does not only happen when working from a height. They can happen in any work environment and on any surface.

Electrical hazards: nearly all workplaces have to deal with electricity in one capacity or another. Some common spots are outlets too close to conductors, frayed wires, and employees not using lock-out tag-out.

Chemicals: these can be toxic or caustic and employees must be aware of the risks associated with them.

-The Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 gives the Federal Government the authority to set and enforce safety and health standards for most of the country’s workers. Employees protected by other Federal occupational safety and health laws are excluded from coverage, as are State and local government employees, but participating States provide comparable coverage. The main goal was to ensure that employers provide their workers with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as excessive noise levels, toxic chemicals, mechanical dangers, unsanitary conditions, and heat or cold stress.

-Yes, there is a chance an employer will retaliate against an employee, especially if they filed for workers' compensation. Many states have laws against this type of retaliation as a necessary safeguard against employer abuse, but not all states do.

References
Korgen, J. O., & Gallagher, V. A. (2013). The true cost of low prices: The violence of globalization. Orbis Books.

MacLaury, J. (n.d.). The Job Safety Law of 1970: Its Passage Was Perilous. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/history/osha

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Some of the biggest causes of work related accidents included: Lifting
Fatigue
Dehydration
Poor Lighting
Hazardous Materials
Trips and Falls
Stress

Companies can do the following to help prevent workplace accidents and injuries
Incorporate a safety & wellness plan
Conduct physicals
Educate staff
Provide protection equipment
Inspect all company vehicles and equipment for safety hazards
Provide adequate training on workplace safety

Injuring can occur at any time in any company. There are always going to be unfortunate incidents that occur. Companies can try to reduce accidents to a minimum by planning and training. Conduct training with your staff to let them know about the potential dangers associated with your particular site. Show them what steps and precautions they can take to avoid the dangers of their work area. Let them know who they can report safety issues to. Create an environment where employees feel like they can bring safety issues up. Make it part of the culture where everyone looks out for the safety of themselves and the safety of their fellow employees.

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- Ergonomics helps to reduce cost by preventing costly MSDs with workers compensation. It also helps by improving the productivity by designing jobs that allow for good posture, less exertion, fewer motions, better heights, and reaches, within the workstation to make it more efficient. It improves quality, employee engagement, and creates a better safety culture.

- There should be a policy in place for workplace violence that includes employee training with creating an emergency action plan. Conducting mock training exercises with local law enforcement. Adopting a zero-tolerance policy toward workplace violence. The next important step I learned was knowing the warning signs so you can stop the issue at hand before it gets out of hand.

- The key process to manage stress is to develop a lifestyle that incorporates activities and strategies known to reduce stress. Learn to recognize the causes and signs of stress and be proactive about combating stress when it gets to be too much.