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Most research on social factors have focused on how different family environments may contribute to the development or experience of schizophrenia.

For example, researchers have investigated such factors as dysfunctional parenting, disturbed family communication styles, and parental styles that are constantly critical or induce guilt as possible contributors to schizophrenia.

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-1% of the population has schizophrenia
-Schizophrenia most often develops between the late teens and early 30s, though it can start later, especially in women
-The most common form of hallucinations are auditory experiences such as “voices.”
-There are more than 15 different medications for schizophrenia.

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Schizophrenia is not a stress disorder but stress can trigger its onset on people who are more vulnerable to developing the disorder.  People with schizophrenia do not appear to experience more stress in daily life than people without it, they tend to be more reactive and psychologically affected under stress. Cognitive impairments are a major contributor to schizophrenia. It is estimated that 85% of people diagnosed with the disorder experience significant problems with cognition.

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SOCIAL FACTORS- “EXPRESSED EMOTION” STUDY

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SOCIAL FACTORS- “EXPRESSED EMOTION” STUDY

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Other research on family environments has focused on a specific communication pattern called expressed emotion (EE). EE is a negative communication pattern that is observed among some relatives of individuals with schizophrenia. A high-EE family environment tends to be stressful as it involves a lot of negative criticism of the person with schizophrenia.

Some psychologists argue that high-EE relatives promote the onset of schizophrenia because of their stress-producing behaviour.

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How to understand schizophrenia
https://youtu.be/B4y2Wab43sQ

How to treat schizophrenia
https://youtu.be/hpYzxhmS6lQ

Psychosocial treatment -Schizophrenia
https://youtu.be/4_f4q97I1NE

Cognitive behavioural therapy
https://youtu.be/cqLb9hNWd8c

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Schizophrenia tends to run in families more than other disorders. The more closely individuals are biologically related to someone with the disorder, the greater likelihood of them developing it.
A number of different genes contribute to the development of the disorder, not one single gene. Studies have also shown that schizophrenia is associated with brain structure and function. The brains of some people with schizophrenia have a reduced level of activity in the prefrontal cortex. The frontal and temporal lobes have lower amounts of grey matter. Enlarged ventricles in the cerebral cortex may also relate to the disorder- ventricles grow larger to take up space left by dead neurons- disorder may be accompanied my neural degeneration.

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Delusions (believing something that isn't true)
Hallucinations (sounds & other sensations that are experienced as real when they only exist in the schizophrenic person's mind), disorganised speech (trouble concentrating & maintaining a train of thought),
Disorganised behaviour (the ability to take care of yourself is disrupted)
Absence of normal behaviours.

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SOCIAL FACTORS- RESEARCH ON FAMILY ENVIRONMENT IMPACT

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SOCIAL FACTORS- RESEARCH ON FAMILY ENVIRONMENT IMPACT

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In one of the most well-known studies on the potential effects of family environments, it was concluded that adoptive children with a biological mother who had schizophrenia and were raised in a psychologically dysfunctional family environment had a much higher rate of schizophrenia than the control group did (the group with no high genetic risk and raised in a ‘psychologically healthy’ family).

The research also showed that living in a psychologically healthy family environment did not make children with a genetic history of schizophrenia completely immune to the development of schizophrenia (5.8% of the ‘high genetic risk’ children developed schizophrenia, even though their family environment was psychologically healthy).

The results of this study demonstrate the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors in schizophrenia.

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Treatment generally includes a combination of psychotherapy, social support and medical treatment.
Medication is main treatment for schizophrenia.
Medication is called 'anti-psychotics'. help to control the symptoms by balancing the chemicals in the brain to a fairly normal level.
There are negative side effects when using anti-psychotics, such as weight gain, nausea, muscle spasms etc.
Additional medication is sometimes prescribe to manage the side effects of the anti-psychotic medication.
Psychotherapy is often used alongside medication. Strategies to help reasoning and memory, and to identify irrational thoughts are used.
Social support is also very important.
Support groups are beneficial as they can help devise strategies for problems individuals share.
Acceptance in the community is important.