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Durant ce séminaire, plusieurs chercheurs ont présenté leurs travaux et le lien possible avec les objectifs des enseignants, plusieurs dispositifs associant données scientifiques et suivis par des classes depuis la primaire jusqu'à l'université ont été présentés, en France mais aussi à l'étranger.
Le programme donne les noms de tous les intervenants, les autres ressources sont les liens vers les sites des intervenants ou bien leurs productions ou encore des sites utiles pour monter des projets et des actions.
Les intervenants sont venus de Bretagne, de France, d'Espagne, de Grèce, d'Afrique du Sud, du Japon, de Nouvelle Zélande, des Etats Unis ...

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Programme du séminaire

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The Ocean Conference has concluded, but commitments to #SaveOurOcean can still be registered. There are now 1372! https://t.co/bnyOFeBEAj pic.twitter.com/AddcN1Pv7L - UN Sustainable Dev. (@SustDev)

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This section concerns young people wishing to find out more about Argo and how Argo measurements are used to help us understand ocean currents, marine life and the role of the ocean in Earth's climate. The material found here can be used as an educational tool for teachers and students.

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SOCLIM - Southern Ocean and Climate field studies with innovative tools

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SOCLIM - SOUTHERN OCEAN AND CLIMATE FIELD STUDIES WITH INNOVATIVE TOOLS

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A Teaching Resource for Schools teaching Climate Change

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Science Curriculum/Scientific Literacy

How about floating this idea in your classroom?

Making Argo floats is a fun way to engage primary students in science, writes CAROL BRIESEMAN.

Argo floats are a very cool technology that measures temperature and salinity in our oceans. We need this information to help us with climate, weather, and ocean research.

Argo floats are also a fabulous way to engage our budding scientists with the Nature of Science in the classroom through investigating, gathering real-time data, relating concepts of buoyancy and circuits with simple science experiments and learning more about how Argo floats work.

Argos are like underwater robots. There are over 3800 of them in our oceans! They float at a depth of 1000m (1km) for 9 days, then sink down to a depth of 2000m (2km) on the 10 th day before they come up to the surface. On its way up, an Argo float measures temperature and salinity through the water column. Once it's on the surface, it transmits that data to a satellite and then repeats the process, sinks back down to 1000m, spends another 9 days drifting around, following the ocean current.

The buoyancy of an Argo float is controlled to make it rise or sink. This is done by pumping oil between internal and external bladders. As the volume inside each bladder changes, they change their density.

A Cartesian diver works on similar scientific principles. By making these in the classroom, students get to grips with the concepts of density and buoyancy and how they are applied to an Argo float.

As Argo floats measure salinity by making saltwater circuits, students investigate the conductivity of saltwater, and develop an understanding of how the amount of salt in a solution impacts how much electrical current flows through the circuit.
How about 'adopting' an Argo float with your class?
Argo floats measure salinity in a very similar way. Water passes through a cell on the float that records the conductivity and then converts this into a salinity reading.

This application will put the location of all Argo floats (with their WMO ID numbers) on a Google Earth globe. Once installed it will update itself automatically when you start Google Earth. You can click on any float and get a lot of information about that instrument. Install the Google Earth Argo Application and select for yourself a float of your choice to follow. There are plenty to choose from all over the planet.

It may take just a little while to come up but you will end up seeing the Google Earth map with lots of green dots all over it! These are the Argo floats. The brighter the colour, the more recently it has surfaced.

If you zoom in, you can focus on a specific one. This enables you to get a profile of it- its real-time salinity and temperature readings, other information, and even a trajectory of where it has been (looking at currents).

Stick with this one Argo float (adopt it!) and follow it every ten days.

There is now even a tab on the Google Earth Application which allows you to add your class details to the Argo float you have adopted. Just follow the directions under the "Adopt" tab.

Make comparisons between one in the Southern Ocean, one around the equator and one in the north.

(Please note: Argo floats have two different numbering systems. Use their WMO ID Number with Google Earth.)
Did you know...?
From early autumn to late spring every year, Antarctica's sea ice almost doubles the size of the continent! This means though that Argo floats in this area get caught under the ice. If they hit or rub up against floating ice they can be damaged or destroyed.

So they avoid the ice (sounds like a good plan!)

There are especially designed ice-sensing floats that check the ocean temperature each time they ascend. If the temperature gets very close to the freezing point, the float will stop heading towards the surface at 5-10 m depth and go back to its parking depth, and try again 7-10 days later. The float stores its profile data in memory. There is enough memory in this type of float to store as many as 68 profiles (although it is usually doesn't need to store more than 40 profiles between contacts with the satellite) Data transmission through the Iridium system is quite fast and each profile can be uploaded in no more than 2 minutes.

These are a number of ways that you can use Argo floats as a context for teaching the Nature of Science, as well as concepts in the Planet Earth and Beyond and Physical World strands.

As well as these, there are integrated links with literacy. I have had some rather 'reluctant' writers produce some marvellous examples of procedural writing about how to make a Cartesian diver. Others have drawn fantastic diagrams of Argo floats with labels and explanations of how they work.

More information about Argo floats can be found on my Argo Float Wiki

- Carol Brieseman is a teacher at Hampton Hill School in Tawa.

You might also like to read:

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Science Curriculum/Scientific Literacy Making Argo floats is a fun way to engage primary students in science, writes CAROL BRIESEMAN. Argo floats are a very cool technology that measures temperature and salinity in our oceans. We need this information to help us with climate, weather, and ocean research.

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Argo Toolbox - File Exchange - MATLAB Central

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Find and download Argo profiles within specified geographic and temporal limits

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GIFT – Geosciences Information For Teachers

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EGU, the European Geosciences Union, is Europe's premier geosciences union, dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in the Earth, planetary, and space sciences for the benefit of humanity, worldwide.

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Site de presentation de l'Association Francaise des Petits Debrouillards

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This December, Hannah Zanowski, a graduate student at Princeton University, will travel to Cape Town, South Africa, bundle up in something warm, and board a German research icebreaker called the Polarstern. Over the next eight weeks, the ship will make its way from the southern tip of Africa to the bottom of South America via the Weddell Sea off the coast of Antarctica, stopping every so often along the way, so Zanowski and the scientists she'll be working with can plop one of 12 yellow, oblong, instrument-laden, robotic floats into the sea.

Researchers approach a robotic float.
Credit: Oscar Schofield

For the next five years, on roughly weeklong cycles, each float will dive deep, then surface to relay the data it will have gathered on the metabolism of this frigid and exotic stretch of ocean. That data will help scientists paint a better picture of what climate change means for that region and the world.

Uncharted Waters

Those 12 floats are the first of almost 200 that will be deployed over the next 5 years as part an ambitious project known as Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling or SOCCOM. The project's goal is to understand the role that this harsh, remote and poorly studied area plays in regulating Earth's climate system, as well as how human emissions of heat-trapping carbon dioxide gas are affecting that system.

The idea that oceans influence climate and vice versa isn't new. Scientists already know that the oceans absorb heat and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, tempering the impact of the extra carbon dioxide humans have been generating since the Industrial Revolution began, about two centuries ago.

Even though it makes up only about 30 percent of the Earth's ocean surface by area, the Southern Ocean does far more than its share of the work. It's responsible for about 75 percent of all the heat the world's oceans absorb and about half of the carbon dioxide. Yet despite its outsize role in the global climate system, scientists probably know less about the Southern Ocean than they do about the surface of Mars.

Those who have actually visited the Southern Ocean have no trouble understanding why that is. It's hard to get to, and once you're there, it's not a very nice place.

"I thought I knew what a blizzard felt like," Joellen Russell, one of SOCCOM's lead scientists from the University of Arizona, said. "But the Southern Ocean was a total other world."

Russell is no stranger to cold. She grew up in an indigenous Alaskan fishing village 31 miles north of the Arctic Circle.

The winds south of the Antarctic Circle are some of the strongest in the world, whipping up equally outsize waves. Russell recalled a previous trip to the region, saying, "The mountains of water were so big that the petrels and the albatross would swoop around them like they were fighter jets going around a mountain side."

Google Hangout
Thursday Dec. 4, 2014

Russell's interest in this inhospitable sea is improving climate models using the data the floats will send back.

Now it's Zanowski's turn to brave those waters. "This is something I've never done before," she said. "I've never even spent 2 months away from my regular life, and my regular haunts in the U.S., so this is going to be a wildly different experience for me."

As an undergraduate at Arizona, Zanowski got her oceanography feet wet in Russell's introductory course and became inspired. The two later conducted research on the impact of wind dynamics on Antarctic sea ice. Now she is a graduate student at Princeton, working with SOCCOM director, Jorge Sarmiento. Along with colleagues from the University of Arizona, Climate Central, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) and Scripps Institute of Oceanography, she and Russell will try to understand the Southern Ocean's role in climate and climate change in detail.

Credit: Nick Huynh

Using autonomous floats frees scientists from the difficulties of making measurements in the Southern Ocean themselves, but even the simple act of deploying the floats will be challenging. During winter, ice sheathes almost its entire expanse, with only a few patches of open water. Summer isn't much better. Though the region is mostly ice-free, the temperature difference between the exposed water, and the ice that does remain helps create powerful cyclonic storms that race around the Antarctic continent.

Why SOCCOM?

SOCCOM's floats are similar to thousands of floats already deployed through a program called Argo, but the Argo floats only measure temperature, pressure and salinity; the new floats will take data on nitrate, oxygen, and acidity, key measures to understand larger processes in the ocean.

"The floats provide the data that really tell us about the vital signs of the Southern Ocean," Kenneth Johnson, a senior scientist at MBARI, who designed new sensors on the SOCCOM floats, said.

The data from the new sensors will be key to understanding how the climate is changing in different regions. Scientists know, for example, that when the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, it forms carbonic acid, which makes it more difficult for shellfish to form their shells. It's not only shell-building organisms that are in danger. The ecological disruption will likely travel up the food chain, harming mammals and larger fish.

Due to the way currents circulate through the world's oceans, water in the Southern Ocean is very ancient; some of it was last at the surface 1,000 years ago. The difference between carbon dioxide levels in that pre-industrial water and the levels in water elsewhere will give scientists a better handle on how acidity levels in the oceans are changing.

To measure how the changing water affects biological activity, another sensor shines a small ultraviolet light through the water to detect nitrate, an important nutrient for ocean life. Nitrate ions in the water absorb the light at certain wavelengths, which the float can detect.

Oxygen has a different kind of optical signature. When stimulated by light from an LED, a molecule embedded in the sensor, and similar to chlorophyll - the molecule that gives plants a green color - starts glowing. But in the presence of oxygen, that fluorescence is quenched. The more oxygen in the water, the less glow. The amount of oxygen in the water tells scientists how quickly plants are growing in the ocean.

All of these measurements, taken together, will give scientists a far better idea of what's going on with the biology, geology and chemistry of the Southern Ocean.

Float On

When stood vertically, the SOCCOM floats are taller than 5-foot-6-inch Zanowski. After a float enters the sea, it stays vertical, and a small piston deflates a coffee-cup sized bladder to about half-capacity, causing the float to sink immediately away from the ship, deep into the ocean. At a depth of 1 kilometer, or a little more than a half-mile, the float drifts freely with the current for about a week completely autonomous.

After drifting for a week, the float plunges even deeper to a depth of nearly a mile, at which point it's ready to take measurements. The sensors turn on, and the float begins its journey upward, reading the ocean as it ascends like an observatory in an elevator back to the surface to relay its data via satellite.

Given how common ice is in the Southern Ocean, the float may encounter an ice ceiling. If it does, sensors at the top will detect the danger, triggering the bladder to stop inflating and prevent the float from crashing into the ice. The float will keep repeating profiles autonomously until the path is clear, at which point, it will surface, beam its data into space and then plunge to start the process over again. Data from the sensors will tell scientists about the ocean's biogeochemistry while data about where the float surfaced will help map the oceans' poorly understood currents.

The floats have one more feature worth noting: they're battery operated, and because they can operate and take measurements for up to 5 years, they have a vastly lower carbon footprint than doing the same amount of science by ship. To top it off, they can make observations 365 days a year rather than just during the summer in favorable weather.

The Polarstern voyage is just the first of many that will follow over the next 5 years, but that makes it special, and Zanowski will excitedly bid goodbye to each float as it begins its mission. She'd love to sign them before they're launched, but if that's not possible, she'll find some way to commemorate the events.

"Maybe I'll do a dance," she said.
Editor's Note: Climate Central is leading the public outreach component of the federally funded Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) program. Climate Central Chief Scientist Heidi Cullen serves as SOCCOM's co-lead for Broader Impacts. Climate Central's editorial staff is independent of the organization's research and communications programs.

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Robotic Floats Will Reveal Southern Ocean's Mysteries

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This December, Hannah Zanowski, a graduate student at Princeton University, will travel to Cape Town, South Africa, bundle up in something warm, and board a German research icebreaker called the Polarstern.

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In December 2009, SAEON, in collaboration with the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP) deployed two Argo floats, which marked the launch of the South African Argo Program.

These Argo floats were deployed during the South African National Antarctic Expedition (SANAE) 48 from the SA Agulhas. The two Argo floats (1901469 and 1901470) were deployed in the Southern Ocean along the Good Hope line.

The first Argo float (1901469) had a relatively short life of 15 months, and was deployed in the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (Figure 1). The Argo float completed 47, 10-day cycles; 103 cycles short of the 150 global average before becoming grounded at Marion Island.

Epic journey

The second Argo float (1901470), deployed further north, has been collecting valuable temperature and salinity data in the Agulhas Current's Retroflection region. This Argo float must have somehow received the news that its sister float (1901469) had been grounded because it went on to complete 246 cycles (lasting more than seven years), making up for those profiles the first Argo float did not complete. This float made an epic journey circling around the Agulhas Current and through the South Indian Ocean before dying just a short distance away from the shores of Western Australia.

Environmental science education outreach

The data from these Argo floats has been used in a number of secondary and tertiary education projects. Most recently the SAEON Egagasini Node used the data to educate several high school learners about various methods of marine data collection.

The data has also been analysed in two National Diploma and BTech student projects supervised by Tamaryn Morris and Juliet Hermes. Additional newsletter articles have been written about Argo and South Africa's Argo floats, most notably by Juliet Hermes about South Africa's invitation onto the Argo Steering Team in 2011. More recently Tamaryn Morris reminded readers of the Argo program, South Africa's involvement and the best places to deploy Argo floats around the South African coast.

South Africa continues to have an active Argo program focused around outreach and assisting other countries' Argo programs to deploy Argo floats from South African research cruises. More recently the SAEON Egagasini Node pioneered an Adopt-a-Float programme where high schools are given the opportunity to adopt an Argo float. SAEON's education team then visits the schools and teaches learners about the ocean and analysing the data 'their' Argo float has collected.

Over the next few years the South African Argo community is hoping to grow the Argo program substantially by expanding the Argo float family and data management thereof.

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In December 2009, SAEON, in collaboration with the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP) deployed two Argo floats, which marked the launch of the South African Argo Program. These Argo floats were deployed during the South African National Antarctic Expedition (SANAE) 48 from the SA Agulhas.

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MEDCLIC: Coastal HF Radar: Coastal HF Radar

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SOCIB has a HF Radar system made up of two antennas, one in Ibiza and another in Formentera, which reveal the trajectory of the superficial currents in the Ibiza channel. This area is of great importance due to the interaction of Atlantic water masses, which enter via the strait of Gibraltar, with Mediterranean water masses.

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Le site du Centre national d'études spatiales

Argonautica s'adresse aux classes du premier et second degré et se décline en trois volets :

Suivre les déplacements d'animaux marins équipés de balises Argos, mettre en évidence l'impact des variations climatiques sur leur trajet.

Suivre, par satellite, des bouées expérimentales pour comprendre la circulation océanique, les liens océans-climat-environnement.

Construire des bouées expérimentales.

Prochains évènements

Lettres Argonautica

En savoir plus

Voir le site Argos

Voir l'image du mois sur le site AVISO

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Le site du Centre national d'études spatiales Argonautica s'adresse aux classes du premier et second degré et se décline en trois volets : Suivre les déplacements d'animaux marins équipés de balises Argos, mettre en évidence l'impact des variations climatiques sur leur trajet. Suivre, par satellite, des bouées expérimentales pour comprendre la circulation océanique, les liens océans-climat-environnement.

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The WMO-IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology in-situ Observing Programmes Support Centre

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Suivis sanitaires & pêche à pied récréative en Bretagne

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santé ars ifremer peche pied loisir recreatif coquillage moule huître coque palourde responsable resp²onsable risque sanitaire bretagne escherichia coli contamination

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Suivis sanitaires & pêche à pied récréative en Bretagne

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Projet RESP²ONsable : RisquE Sanitare de la Pêche à Pied et communicatiON

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mon ocean et moi, partagez la recherche des océanographes et découvrez nos océans!

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Un média pour les bricodeurs, de l'info plein pot sur les labs, ceux de l'open bidouille comme ceux des fablabs d'universités.

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planktidex - Image recognition of plankton

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Une expertise scientifique indépendante pour vos études ou vos animations pédagogiques

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L'excellence de l'enseignement supérieur pour des cours en ligne, gratuits et ouverts à tous

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From ABC to ABSeas: Ocean Literacy for all

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From ABC to ABSeas: Ocean Literacy for all

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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L'Âme Bleue | Une aventure sportive, humaine et écologique soutenue par le Groupe Batteur

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Course Summary

The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface, connecting all corners of the world, and provides the planet with some of the most important and basic economic, cultural, and environmental functions. In many ways, it also remains the last frontier. Humans have a greater understanding of the surface of the moon than they do of the depths of the oceans, hinting at untouched natural resources and unrecognized ecosystem services.

But the ocean is under threat, stressed by careless lifestyles and the increasing demands of a growing global population. Sustainable development hinges on our collective ability to be good stewards of the ocean.

One Planet - One Ocean: From Science to Solutions is a ten-week course presenting the challenges and opportunities facing oceans today. Led by the teams at GEOMAR, the International Ocean Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, and Future Ocean, the course brings in some of the world's leading experts on ocean science to present the issues and potential solutions grounded in rigorous scientific research.

For more information on the course and authors, visit our Website.

Each weekly module includes video lectures, readings, interactive components and quizzes, and periodic Google Hangouts will be scheduled throughout the course.

Syllabus
Module 1: One Planet - One Ocean
The OCEAN MOOC

The Ocean: A finite resource

Concepts of Sustainability

Governing Global Commons

The Ocean through History

From Science to Solutions
Module 2: Coasts
Coasts

Coastal Systems

Influences from Land

Influences from the Ocean

Coastal Ecosystems

Future of our Coasts
Module 3: Marine Ecosystems
Marine Food Chains

Ocean Change: A Mix of Interacting Stressors

Marine Ecosystem Change and Services

Resilience and Adaptation in the Ocean

Governing Marine Biodiversity

Marine Spatial Planning

Ecosystem and Nutrient Management

Ecosystem-Based Management
Module 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture
Our Ocean: A Finite Resource

Dance of the plankton

Marine Food Chains

Fisheries Economics and Management

Aquaculture and Mariculture

Sustainable Management of Fisheries
Module 5: Marine Life and Minerals
Evolution and Marine Diversity

Life in the Deep Sea

Resilience and Adaptation in the Ocean

Non-renewable Ocean Resources: From Exploration to Exploitation?

Seafloor Resources: Energy and Minerals
Module 6: Ocean and Climate
Human influence on the Ocean

Ocean Heat Storage and Sea Level

The Ocean's Biological Pump

Climate Engineering

Sub-Seafloor CO2 Storage

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Course Summary The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface, connecting all corners of the world, and provides the planet with some of the most important and basic economic, cultural, and environmental functions. In many ways, it also remains the last frontier.

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Sea Change is an EU H2020 funded project that aims to establish a fundamental "Sea Change" in the way European citizens view their relationship with the sea, by empowering them, as Ocean Literate citizens, to take direct and sustainable action towards a healthy ocean and seas, healthy communities and ultimately a healthy planet.

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Home - Responseable - Protecting the ocean

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How can we encourage Europeans to take a closer interest in their oceans and to treat them with greater respect and understanding?

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european marine science educators association

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European Marine Science Educators Association EMSEA

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Visit European Marine Science Educators Association EMSEA. Browse information and resources for European Marine Science Educators Association EMSEA

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Ocean Literacy Europe | Building an Ocean, Sea, Estuary and River Literate Europe

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Ocean Literacy in Europe is building upon, and extending and adapting work started in the United States in 2001 http://www.oceanliteracy.net One of the first

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european marine science educators association

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European Marine Science Educators Association EMSEA

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Visit European Marine Science Educators Association EMSEA. Browse information and resources for European Marine Science Educators Association EMSEA

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Explorers Education Programme | Marine Institute

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The Explorers Education Programme provides fun lesson plans, resources and activities for primary school teachers to inspire their student's interest and knowledge in our ocean, marine environment, species and seashores.

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