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When it comes to oral hygiene we want to look for signs of gingivitis. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums and surrounding tissues. Key signs include:
*Redness
*Swelling
*Bleeding

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To help reduce gingivitis and plaque it is recommended that you brush in a circular motion at 40 degrees. Plaque is a thin layer of bacteria that coats the teeth. Brush your teeth for a length of 2 minutes twice a day making sure to pay special attention to your back teeth.

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Manual toothbrushes are more of the traditional style brushes. A soft brush is always recommended so that way you do not cause trauma to the gums and recession. Power brushes are easier to use in terms of dexterity and efficiency in removing plaque.

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The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends brushing twice a day for two minutes.
Not just before you go to the dentist!

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Healthy Teeth - Tooth Brushing Reminder, Timer and Instruction
https://appsto.re/us/j7Z_-.i
Brush Teeth - Toothbrush Timer & Dental Brushing!
https://appsto.re/us/HBTV-.i

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Caries, commonly called tooth decay, is currently the number one most common chronic childhood disease according to mouthhealthy.org; however, it can be prevented.
Sugars and acids in the food we consume, such as soda and candy, feed the bacteria in our mouth and break down the enamel on the teeth causing sensitivity and decay.
Frequent in between meal snacking greatly increases the chance for developing tooth decay.

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The Effects of Frequent Diet Soda Consumption 

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The Effects of Frequent Diet Soda Consumption 

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Calcium rich foods: low-fat or fat-free milk, eggs, cheese, salmon, almonds, and dark leafy greens
Foods containing phosphorus: eggs, fish, and lean meat
Foods containing vitamin C: citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, broccoli, potatoes, and spinach

Chewing gum: sugarfree gum helps to dislodge food particles as well as increase salivary flow to neutralize the acidic environment in the mouth.

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Lollipops, hard candies, cookies, cakes, pies, breads, muffins, potato chips, pretzels, french fries, bananas, raisins, and other dried fruits

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Xylitol: Xylitol is an artificial sweetener that has shown to be beneficial for the prevention of dental decay and gum disease. It can be found in gums, nasal sprays, and in packages. Substitute sugar in baked goods for Xylitol to protect teeth.

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Braces are difficult to keep clean
*Orthodontic appliances retain biofilm and debris
*Irregular positioning of teeth are more susceptible for biofilm retention
*Bacteria present in biofilm can lead to gingivitis and cause inflammation and bleeding

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Use a Power brush or soft manual brush to clean around brackets
*Sulcular brushing technique
- Insert brush above, below, and over wire. Rotate and vibrate to remove biofilm and debris.
* Try a Waterpik
-oral irrigator will use water to help dislodge debris

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*Floss threaders
*Superfloss
*Single tufted brush
*Interdental brushes

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Awbrey Orthodontics | decalcification | Alpharetta

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*Plaque can build up around the brackets and if not removed, lead to demineralization of the enamel that looks like white spots on the tooth surface after braces are removed
(Bacteria release acids)
*Focus on your oral hygiene routine
*Keep brushing, flossing, and using antimicrobial rinses to remove the bacteria
*Keep brushing, flossing, and rinsing with antimicrobial wash

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http://www.pbs.org/inthemix/educators/lessons/smoking2/smoking_crossword.html
Middle schoolers have a lot of energy and like to participate in activities- this is a smoking fact crossword that the students would pair up and answer via internet research. After they complete the crossword, groups can share their answers and compare similarities and differences.
Answers: http://www.pbs.org/inthemix/educators/lessons/smoking2/answerkey.html

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From 2011 to 2016, current cigarette smoking declined among middle and high school students. (CDC)

About 2 of every 100 middle school students (2.2%) reported in 2016 that they smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days—a decrease from 4.3% in 2011.

https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm

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Current use of electronic cigarettes increased among middle and high school students from 2011 to 2016. (CDC)

About 4 of every 100 middle school students (4.3%) reported in 2016 that they used electronic cigarettes in the past 30 days—an increase from 0.6% in 2011.

According to a 2017 study by the Hawaii Public Health Institute – Coalition for a Tobacco Free Hawaii, 100% of all e-cigs contain more than just flavoring, yet 66% of teens believe flavoring and water is all there is.

http://www.hamakua-health.org/2017/06/parents-its-time-to-talk-with-your-kids-about-smoking-and-vaping/
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm

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https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/b00dce09-bcdc-44d8-aa44-1b7b3fcdaf6f