# data[].attributes.body
Christopher Columbus
Featured article
For other uses of this term, see Christopher Columbus (disambiguation).
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus Face.jpg
Christopher Columbus, in the painting Virgen de los Navegantes by Alejo Fernández between 1505 and 1536 (Room of the Admirals, Reales Alcázares de Sevilla).
Personal information
Name in Italian Cristoforo Colombo View and modify data on Wikidata
Birth c. 1436-1456
Genoa, Genoa1 2
Death May 20, 1506
Valladolid, Castilla
Place of burial Cathedral of Santa María de la Sede of Seville See and modify the data in Wikidata
Family
Parents Domingo Colón and Susana Fontanarossa
Spouse Felipa Moniz
Partner Beatriz Enríquez de Arana
Diego Colón and Hernando Colón sons
Professional information
Occupation Navigator, cartographer, admiral, viceroy and governor general of the West Indies
Signature Columbus Signature.svg
[Edit data in Wikidata]
Cristóbal Colón, Cristoforo Colombo in Italian or Christophorus Columbus in Latin (Genoa, n. 1 1 2 c. 1436-14513 - Valladolid, 20 of May of 1506), was a navigator, cartographer, admiral, viceroy and governor general of the Indies Westerners in the service of the Crown of Castile. It is famous for having made the discovery of America, on October 12, 1492, when arriving at the island of Guanahani, at the moment in the Bahamas.

He made four voyages to the Indies - the name of the American continent until the publication of the Planisphere of Martin Waldseemüller in 1507 - and although he was probably not the first European explorer of America, he is considered the discoverer of a new continent - that is why the New World - for Europe, being the first to draw a route back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean and announced the news. This fact decisively promoted the worldwide expansion of European civilization, and the conquest and colonization by several of its powers of the American continent.

His anthroponym is a world icon that inspired countless denominations, such as that of a country: Colombia, 4 and two regions of North America: British Columbia in Canada and the District of Columbia in the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
Robin Hood is a heroic outlaw in English folklore who, according to legend, was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. Traditionally depicted as being dressed in Lincoln green,[1] he is often portrayed as "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor"[2][3] alongside his band of Merry Men. Robin Hood became a popular folk figure in the late-medieval period, and continues to be widely represented in literature, films and television.

The first clear reference to "rhymes of Robin Hood" is from the c. 1377 poem Piers Plowman, but the earliest surviving copies of the narrative ballads that tell his story date to the second half of 15th century, or the first decade of the 16th century. In these early accounts, Robin Hood's partisanship of the lower classes, his Marianism and associated special regard for women, his outstanding skill as an archer, his anti-clericalism, and his particular animosity towards the Sheriff of Nottingham are already clear.[4] Little John, Much the Miller's Son and Will Scarlet (as Will "Scarlok" or "Scathelocke") all appear, although not yet Maid Marian or Friar Tuck. It is not certain what should be made of these latter two absences as it is known that Friar Tuck, for one, has been part of the legend since at least the later 15th century where he is mentioned in a Robin Hood play script.[5]

In modern popular culture, Robin Hood is typically seen as a contemporary and supporter of the late-12th-century king Richard the Lionheart, Robin being driven to outlawry during the misrule of Richard's brother John while Richard was away at the Third Crusade. This view first gained currency in the 16th century.[6] It is not supported by the earliest ballads. The early compilation, A Gest of Robyn Hode, names the king as "Edward"; and while it does show Robin Hood accepting the King's pardon, he later repudiates it and returns to the greenwood.

The oldest surviving ballad, Robin Hood and the Monk, gives even less support to the picture of Robin Hood as a partisan of the true king. The setting of the early ballads is usually attributed by scholars to either the 13th century or the 14th, although it is recognised they are not necessarily historically consistent.[7]

The early ballads are also quite clear on Robin Hood's social status: he is a yeoman. While the precise meaning of this term changed over time, including free retainers of an aristocrat and small landholders, it always referred to commoners. The essence of it in the present context was "neither a knight nor a peasant or 'husbonde' but something in between".[8] Artisans (such as millers) were among those regarded as "yeomen" in the 14th century.[9] From the 16th century on, there were attempts to elevate Robin Hood to the nobility and in two extremely influential plays, Anthony Munday presented him at the very end of the 16th century as the Earl of Huntingdon, as he is still commonly presented in modern times.[10]

As well as ballads, the legend was also transmitted by "Robin Hood games" or plays that were an important part of the late medieval and early modern May Day festivities. The first record of a Robin Hood game was in 1426 in Exeter, but the reference does not indicate how old or widespread this custom was at the time. The Robin Hood games are known to have flourished in the later 15th and 16th centuries.[11] It is commonly stated as fact that Maid Marian and a jolly friar (at least partly identifiable with Friar Tuck) entered the legend through the May Games.[12]

Early ballads

The earliest surviving text of a Robin Hood ballad is the 15th century "Robin Hood and the Monk".[13] This is preserved in Cambridge University manuscript Ff.5.48. Written after 1450,[14] it contains many of the elements still associated with the legend, from the Nottingham setting to the bitter enmity between Robin and the local sheriff.

Douglas Fairbanks as Robin Hood; the sword he is depicted with was common in the oldest ballads

The first printed version is A Gest of Robyn Hode (c. 1500), a collection of separate stories that attempts to unite the episodes into a single continuous narrative.[15] After this comes "Robin Hood and the Potter",[16] contained in a manuscript of c. 1503. "The Potter" is markedly different in tone from "The Monk": whereas the earlier tale is "a thriller"[17] the latter is more comic, its plot involving trickery and cunning rather than straightforward force.

Other early texts are dramatic pieces, the earliest being the fragmentary Robyn Hod and the Shryff off Notyngham[18] (c. 1475). These are particularly noteworthy as they show Robin's integration into May Day rituals towards the end of the Middle Ages; Robyn Hod and the Shryff off Notyngham, among other points of interest, contains the earliest reference to Friar Tuck.

The plots of neither "the Monk" nor "the Potter" are included in the Gest; and neither is the plot of "Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne", which is probably at least as old as those two ballads although preserved in a more recent copy. Each of these three ballads survived in a single copy, so it is unclear how much of the medieval legend has survived, and what has survived may not be typical of the medieval legend. It has been argued that the fact that the surviving ballads were preserved in written form in itself makes it unlikely they were typical; in particular, stories with an interest for the gentry were by this view more likely to be preserved.[19] The story of Robin's aid to the "poor knight" that takes up much of the Gest may be an example.

The character of Robin in these first texts is rougher edged than in his later incarnations. In "Robin Hood and the Monk", for example, he is shown as quick tempered and violent, assaulting Little John for defeating him in an archery contest; in the same ballad Much the Miller's Son casually kills a "little page" in the course of rescuing Robin Hood from prison.[20] No extant ballad early actually shows Robin Hood "giving to the poor", although in a "A Gest of Robyn Hode" Robin does make a large loan to an unfortunate knight, which he does not in the end require to be repaid;[21]and later in the same ballad Robin Hood states his intention of giving money to the next traveller to come down the road if he happens to be poor.

Of my good he shall haue some,

Yf he be a por man.[22]

As it happens the next traveller is not poor, but it seems in context that Robin Hood is stating a general policy. The first explicit statement to the effect that Robin Hood habitually robbed from the rich to give the poor can be found in John Stow's Annales of England (1592), about a century after the publication of the Gest.[3][23] But from the beginning Robin Hood is on the side of the poor; the Gest quotes Robin Hood as instructing his men that when they rob.

Within Robin Hood's band, medieval forms of courtesy rather than modern ideals of equality are generally in evidence. In the early ballad, Robin's men usually kneel before him in strict obedience: in A Gest of Robyn Hode the king even observes that "His men are more at his byddynge/Then my men be at myn." Their social status, as yeomen, is shown by their weapons; they use swords rather than quarterstaffs. The only character to use a quarterstaff in the early ballads is the potter, and Robin Hood does not take to a staff until the 17th century Robin Hood and Little John.[25]

The political and social assumptions underlying the early Robin Hood ballads have long been controversial. It has been influentially argued by J. C. Holt that the Robin Hood legend was cultivated in the households of the gentry, and that it would be mistaken to see in him a figure of peasant revolt. He is not a peasant but a yeoman, and his tales make no mention of the complaints of the peasants, such as oppressive taxes.[26] He appears not so much as a revolt against societal standards as an embodiment of them, being generous, pious, and courteous, opposed to stingy, worldly, and churlish foes.[27] Other scholars have by contrast stressed the subversive aspects of the legend, and see in the medieval Robin Hood ballads a plebeian literature hostile to the feudal order.[28]

Early plays, May Day games and fairs

By the early 15th century at the latest, Robin Hood had become associated with May Day celebrations, with revellers dressing as Robin or as members of his band for the festivities. This was not common throughout England, but in some regions the custom lasted until Elizabethan times, and during the reign of Henry VIII, was briefly popular at court.[29] Robin was often allocated the role of a May King, presiding over games and processions, but plays were also performed with the characters in the roles,[30] sometimes performed at church ales, a means by which churches raised funds.[31]

A complaint of 1492, brought to the Star Chamber, accuses men of acting riotously by coming to a fair as Robin Hood and his men; the accused defended themselves on the grounds that the practice was a long-standing custom to raise money for churches, and they had not acted riotously but peaceably.[32]

Robin Hood and Maid Marian

It is from the association with the May Games that Robin's romantic attachment to Maid Marian (or Marion) apparently stems. A "Robin and Marion" figured in 13th-century French "pastourelles" (of which Jeu de Robin et Marion c. 1280 is a literary version) and presided over the French May festivities, "this Robin and Marion tended to preside, in the intervals of the attempted seduction of the latter by a series of knights, over a variety of rustic pastimes."[33] In the Jeu de Robin and Marion, Robin and his companions have to rescue Marion from the clutches of a "lustful knight".[34] The naming of Marian may have come from the French pastoral play of c. 1280, the Jeu de Robin et Marion This play is distinct from the English legends.[29] although Dobson and Taylor regard it as "highly probable" that this French Robin's name and functions travelled to the English May Games where they fused with the Robin Hood legend.[35] Both Robin and Marian were certainly associated with May Day festivities in England (as was Friar Tuck), but these may have been originally two distinct types of performance – Alexander Barclay in his Ship of Fools, writing in c. 1500, refers to "some merry fytte of Maid Marian or else of Robin Hood" – but the characters were brought together.[36] Marian did not immediately gain the unquestioned role; in Robin Hood's Birth, Breeding, Valor, and Marriage, his sweetheart is 'Clorinda the Queen of the Shepherdesses'.[37] Clorinda survives in some later stories as an alias of Marian.[38]

The earliest preserved script of a Robin Hood play is the fragmentary Robyn Hod and the Shryff off Notyngham[18] This apparently dates to the 1470s and circumstantial evidence suggests it was probably performed at the household of Sir John Paston. This fragment appears to tell the story of Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne [39] There is also an early playtext appended to a 1560 printed edition of the Gest. This includes a dramatic version of the story of Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar and a version of the first part of the story of Robin Hood and the Potter. (Neither of these ballads are known to have existed in print at the time, and there is no earlier record known of the "Curtal Friar" story). The publisher describes the text as a "playe of Robyn Hood, verye proper to be played in Maye games", but does not seem to be aware that the text actually contains two separate plays [40] An especial point of interest in the "Friar" play is the appearance of a ribald woman who is unnamed but apparently to be identified with the bawdy Maid Marian of the May Games.[41] She does not appear in extant versions of the ballad.

# data[].attributes.body
Albert Einstein was born at ulm in wurttemberg germany on march 14 1879.he later on began his schooling at the luitpold gymnasium

# data[].attributes.body
sasha klosewicz
san martin was born in yapeyu province of corrientas, on february 25 1778. his father, don juan de san martin,was the governor of the department, her mother, doña gregoria atorras, was the niece of a conqueroor of the chaco´s wild forests. where he studies in the noble seminary of madrid. he joins the lodges that promoted the independence. on february 3 1813 the mounted grenadiers fougth and won their first combat near of san lorenzo against de spanish disembarkation army that arrived with several ships from the port of montevideo. in january of 1814, san martin takes control of the north army, from the hands of its former general, belgrano, on february 12 1817 few days after the passage of the andes wins the battle of chacabuco. there he lived until his death, on august 17, 185o

# data[].attributes.body
zoe thompson

What did he do important?

Belgrano is our heroe because he created the flag of our country

His family

Manuel Belgrano's father was Domingo Francisco Belgrano Pérez and his mother, was María Josefa González Casero.

When did he born?

Manuel Belgrano was born in Buenos Aires on June 3  1770.

Where did he study ?

1786 - 1793 He studied in Spain at the University of Salamanca and at Valladolid, where he graduated with a degree in law in 1793.

# data[].attributes.body
Tomas Diaz
Favaloro was born and raised in La Plata, in 1923. He was admited to the School of Medicine at the National University of La Plata. He began his medical residency at the Hospital Policlinico San Martín. Favaloro graduated with a medical degree in 1949. He married Maria Antonia Delgado in 1951.He interesed in developmets in cardiovascular intervention. Was the fundamental workof his career. He founded the Fundaciòn Favaloro in 1975. Dr. Favaloro operated daily on indigent patients. By the year 2000. Favaloro comitted suicide by shooting himself in the heart

# data[].attributes.body
Manuel Belgrano was born in Buenos Aires on June 3,1770,into a wealthy and prominent criollo (Creole)family.He studied in the university of Salamanca in 1786 and at Valladolid,where he graduated with a degree in law in 1793.During his residence in Spain he studied languages and economics and acquainted himself with the ideas of englishtened French and Spanish authors.
When Charles IV named Belgrano secretary of the newly organized Consulado of Buenos Aires ,he enthusiastically acepted.While on the Consulado he petitioned for certain reforms:he urged opening new educational institutes and called for legislation to foster development of agriculture,commerce,trade and communications.Most of his proposals were considered too costly or were trught to threaten privileges held by spaniars and were vetoed.Disillusioned with the Spaniards,he was convinced that no progressive reforms could ever be expected from them.
When the English invaded Buenos Aires in 1806,Belgrano,found himself commanding troops despite the fact that he had no military experience.But he was instrumental in organizing forces wich later expelled the invaders.Belgrano and other criollos consecuently acquired a sense of their own importance and power.
After 1807 Belgrano became increasingly critical of the Spanish system and found others who agreed with him. A secret society of revolusionists. In May,when news reached Buenos Aires that the Spanish junta established in 1808 had been disbanded. Belgrano and his compatriots quickly advocated the creation of a local junta.
On May 25,1810,when the junta was organized,Belgrano declared independence
MILAGROS BYRNE